【摘要】：隨著信息時(shí)代的到來(lái),資本與勞動(dòng)力的流動(dòng)性日益自由化、全球化,隨之而來(lái)的便是大規(guī)模的城市化運(yùn)動(dòng)。然而,隨著城市化的加速發(fā)展,人類的活動(dòng)范圍日益擴(kuò)大,不僅使自然資源日漸緊張,而且加重了對(duì)環(huán)境的污染,城市化對(duì)環(huán)境影響日益明顯。湖泊水環(huán)境是環(huán)境生態(tài)的重要構(gòu)成部分,其生態(tài)功能不可替代,湖泊水資源也是地球上少量可直接供應(yīng)人類生活和生產(chǎn)所需的水源之一。可是隨著城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程帶來(lái)的人口增加、土地利用性質(zhì)改變,引起湖泊水環(huán)境惡化,影響湖泊功能的正常發(fā)揮,嚴(yán)重制約了人類社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。本文正是基于以上事實(shí),以滇池流域?yàn)檠芯堪咐?探討城鎮(zhèn)化過(guò)程對(duì)流域內(nèi)湖泊水質(zhì)污染結(jié)構(gòu)類型的影響。具體方法:首先利用RS、GIS、統(tǒng)計(jì)分析和野外實(shí)際調(diào)查等技術(shù)手段,對(duì)流域內(nèi)1992年到2012年的原始影像進(jìn)行處理,獲取滇池流域土地利用面積的歷史和現(xiàn)狀數(shù)據(jù),分析其變化趨勢(shì);然后結(jié)合土地利用類型單位面積的負(fù)荷量計(jì)算出流域非點(diǎn)源負(fù)荷產(chǎn)生量,分析其隨著土地利用變化而變化情況;然后通過(guò)統(tǒng)計(jì)城鎮(zhèn)人口數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)算城鎮(zhèn)化指標(biāo),并結(jié)合人均污染負(fù)荷產(chǎn)生量和污水處理情況,計(jì)算歷年流域點(diǎn)源負(fù)荷產(chǎn)生量、排放量及變化情況;其后,通過(guò)水質(zhì)監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),研究各個(gè)時(shí)期水污染狀況和結(jié)構(gòu)類型變化特點(diǎn);最后通過(guò)對(duì)比城鎮(zhèn)化過(guò)程中點(diǎn)源、非點(diǎn)源負(fù)荷的產(chǎn)生量和水質(zhì)污染結(jié)構(gòu)變化特征,建立城鎮(zhèn)化與水污染結(jié)構(gòu)類型的相互關(guān)系,為城鎮(zhèn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展與流域水環(huán)境的保護(hù)協(xié)調(diào)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。研究表明:1、1992年到2012年昆明城鎮(zhèn)化飛速發(fā)展,人口數(shù)量大幅增長(zhǎng),同時(shí)流域內(nèi)耕地面積不斷減少,城鎮(zhèn)用地面積大幅增加。2、隨著城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展,點(diǎn)源和非點(diǎn)源負(fù)荷的產(chǎn)生量持續(xù)增大,其中點(diǎn)源污染逐漸得到有效削減,然而城鎮(zhèn)非點(diǎn)源負(fù)荷的產(chǎn)生量卻隨著城鎮(zhèn)用地面積的增加大幅增長(zhǎng),貢獻(xiàn)率也不斷上升。其中城鎮(zhèn)用地貢獻(xiàn)率最高,成為主要污染來(lái)源。3、滇池草海水環(huán)境與流域城鎮(zhèn)化符合“環(huán)境庫(kù)茲涅茨倒U型曲線”規(guī)律,二者關(guān)系在2005年從拮抗階段進(jìn)入磨合期,隨著城鎮(zhèn)化水平繼續(xù)提高,滇池草海水質(zhì)逐漸好轉(zhuǎn)。4、滇池外海COD和總氮非點(diǎn)源污染已逐漸取代點(diǎn)源污染成為造成污染的主要因素,總磷污染目前仍處于二者共同作用下,但城鎮(zhèn)非點(diǎn)源負(fù)荷量上漲速度日益加快。由于沒(méi)有得到有效控制致使有機(jī)污染加重,造成外海的污染類型從單一富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化污染型轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榧婢哂袡C(jī)污染類型;并且若不盡快采取有效手段控制城鎮(zhèn)非點(diǎn)源負(fù)荷量的上漲,那么滇池外海的富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化將會(huì)日趨嚴(yán)重。
[Abstract]:With the arrival of the information age, the mobility of capital and labor has been liberalized day by day, and globalization has been followed by a large-scale urbanization movement. However, with the rapid development of urbanization, the scope of human activities is expanding day by day, which not only makes the natural resources increasingly tense, but also exacerbates the pollution to the environment, and the impact of urbanization on the environment is becoming more and more obvious. Lake water environment is an important component of environmental ecology, and its ecological function can not be replaced. Lake water resources are also one of the water sources which can supply human life and production directly on the earth. However, with the increase of population and the change of the nature of land use, the water environment of lakes is deteriorating, which affects the function of lakes and restricts the sustainable development of human society. Based on the above facts and taking the Dianchi Lake Basin as a case, this paper discusses the influence of urbanization on the structure of lake water pollution in the basin. Methods: firstly, the original images from 1992 to 2012 in the basin were processed by RS,GIS, statistical analysis and field investigation, and the historical and present data of land use area in Dianchi Lake Basin were obtained, and the changing trend of land use area in Dianchi Lake Basin was analyzed. Then combined with the load of unit area of land use type to calculate the non-point source load production of the watershed, and analyze its change with the change of land use, and then calculate the urbanization index by statistics of urban population data. Combined with the per capita pollution load production and sewage treatment, the paper calculates the output, discharge and change of point source load in river basin over the years, and then, through the monitoring data of water quality, studies the characteristics of water pollution status and structural type change in each period. Finally, the relationship between urbanization and water pollution structure is established by comparing the characteristics of point source, non-point source load and water pollution structure. It provides a scientific basis for the coordination of urban sustainable development and river basin water environment protection. The study shows that from 1992 to 2012, the urbanization of Kunming developed rapidly, and the population increased dramatically. At the same time, the area of cultivated land in the river basin was decreasing, and the area of urban land had increased by a large margin. With the development of urbanization, The production of point source and non-point source load increases continuously, and point source pollution is reduced gradually. However, with the increase of urban land area, the amount of non-point source load in urban area increases greatly, and the contribution rate is also increasing. The contribution rate of urban land was the highest, which became the main pollution source. The water environment of Caohai in Dianchi Lake and the urbanization of the basin were in accordance with the law of "environmental Kuznets inverted U-shaped curve". The relationship between them entered the running-in period from the antagonistic stage in 2005. As the urbanization level continues to improve, the water quality of Caohai in Dianchi Lake is gradually improving. The COD and total nitrogen non-point source pollution have gradually replaced the point source pollution as the main pollution factors, and the total phosphorus pollution is still under the joint action of both. But the urban non-point source load increases faster and faster. Due to the lack of effective control, organic pollution is aggravated, and the type of pollution in the open sea is changed from single eutrophication to organic pollution, and if effective measures are not taken to control the increase of non-point source load in cities and towns as soon as possible, Then the Dianchi Lake off the sea eutrophication will become more and more serious.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X52

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 王彥斌;滇池環(huán)境保護(hù)中的個(gè)人態(tài)度與行為——對(duì)滇池流域千名調(diào)查對(duì)象滇池環(huán)保意識(shí)與行為的調(diào)查分析[J];云南社會(huì)科學(xué);2002年01期

2 王彥斌;滇池:另一種憂慮[J];創(chuàng)造;2002年03期

3 王彥斌;滇池流域居民關(guān)于滇池環(huán)境保護(hù)與人的生活的認(rèn)知——滇池環(huán)境保護(hù)意識(shí)與行為狀況調(diào)查[J];昆明師范高等�？茖W(xué)校學(xué)報(bào);2002年02期

4 李益敏,彭永岸,王玉朝,徐旌;滇池污染特征及治理對(duì)策[J];云南地理環(huán)境研究;2003年04期

5 李杰,李俊梅;現(xiàn)代新昆明與治理滇池污染[J];創(chuàng)造;2004年12期

6 胡志浩;許繼宏;韓亞平;;昆明:滇池之痛[J];森林與人類;2006年02期

7 周國(guó)升;布培德;陳眉江;歐陽(yáng)林夕;朱樹(shù)卓;;真實(shí)的滇池[J];創(chuàng)造;2006年07期

8 汪永晨;;滇池歸來(lái)的憂慮[J];世界環(huán)境;2006年05期

9 ;北京大學(xué)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)與專家蒞昆積極參與“水專項(xiàng)”滇池治理項(xiàng)目[J];北京大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2008年02期

10 楊綾;高紅俠;王谷芬;;滇池及其生態(tài)服務(wù)功能[J];硅谷;2008年12期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前10條

1 鄭一新;李中杰;倪金碧;張麗平;陳云波;張大為;何佳;張琨玲;徐曉梅;湯銳;;滇池流域工業(yè)企業(yè)水污染狀況調(diào)查與分析研究[A];2010中國(guó)環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文集(第三卷)[C];2010年

2 李伯根;;控制滇池生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化的關(guān)鍵[A];中國(guó)水利學(xué)會(huì)2002學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文集[C];2002年

3 文鑫;鄧祥征;趙永宏;林英志;;滇池流域陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)氮流動(dòng)對(duì)區(qū)域水環(huán)境的影響[A];發(fā)揮資源科技優(yōu)勢(shì) 保障西部創(chuàng)新發(fā)展——中國(guó)自然資源學(xué)會(huì)2011年學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文集（下冊(cè)）[C];2011年

4 潘學(xué)軍;黃斌;劉晶靚;王彬;萬(wàn)幸;方鍇;王仁敏;金偉;;滇池水系環(huán)境內(nèi)分泌干擾物研究[A];第六屆全國(guó)環(huán)境化學(xué)大會(huì)暨環(huán)境科學(xué)儀器與分析儀器展覽會(huì)摘要集[C];2011年

5 徐天寶;馬巍;黃偉;;牛欄江-滇池補(bǔ)水工程改善滇池水環(huán)境效果預(yù)測(cè)[A];2013中國(guó)環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文集（第四卷）[C];2013年

6 黃強(qiáng)盛;王仕祿;李清光;盧瑋琪;;滇池流域無(wú)機(jī)氮特征與硝酸鹽來(lái)源的研究[A];第七屆全國(guó)環(huán)境化學(xué)大會(huì)摘要集-S12 重金屬污染與修復(fù)[C];2013年

7 王壽兵;鄭正;王圣瑞;焦立新;;滇池內(nèi)負(fù)荷污染治理研究初探[A];健康湖泊與美麗中國(guó)——第三屆中國(guó)湖泊論壇暨第七屆湖北科技論壇論文集[C];2013年

8 胡開(kāi)林;;滇池水污染治理及其可持續(xù)發(fā)展方略[A];2007年全國(guó)給水排水技術(shù)信息網(wǎng)成立三十五周年紀(jì)念專集暨年會(huì)論文集[C];2007年

9 鄧輔唐;卿小燕;楊繪;孫s釷，

本文編號(hào)：2217268