鈷的富集植物篩選
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-27 13:38
【摘要】：低濃度鈷是植物生長的重要元素,而高濃度鈷通過食物鏈進入人體后會嚴重影響身體健康,通過植物修復(fù)水體或土壤中的有害物質(zhì)已有廣泛研究,其中對有害物質(zhì)的富集植物篩選為重中之重。本文通過9種植物種子的發(fā)芽試驗、30種植物的模擬鈷污染水體試驗及模擬鈷污染土壤試驗,比較在不同鈷處理濃度下各植物的生長及對鈷的吸收轉(zhuǎn)運富集能力,探討不同植物對鈷的耐受能力及吸收富集機理,以期篩選出鈷的富集植物,為鈷污染的植物修復(fù)方法提供理論基礎(chǔ)和技術(shù)儲備。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)通過對9種植物種子發(fā)芽試驗表明:各處理濃度(20、40、80、120 mg/L)鈷對甜高粱和油菜的發(fā)芽無顯著影響;在低濃度(20 mg/L)下,鈷對供試種子的發(fā)芽表現(xiàn)出促進作用,隨著濃度的升高,鈷對大多數(shù)種子的發(fā)芽表現(xiàn)出抑制作用,其中蘿卜在120 mg/L時種子發(fā)芽率(80%)仍然高于對照(74%),其余植物均低于對照,說明在高濃度時鈷仍會促進蘿卜種子的發(fā)芽,對于其他6種植物則表現(xiàn)出毒害作用。當鈷濃度達120 mg/L時,供試植物種子鈷含量是對照(0 mg/L)的5.78-459.17倍,鈷含量最大的油菜為2399.15 mg/kg。由于植物品種的差異,不同植物的生物量具有顯著性差異,豌豆的單粒生物量最大(301.14 mg)。甜高粱和油菜在鈷脅迫下表現(xiàn)出較強的耐受性及對鈷表現(xiàn)出較強的吸收能力。(2)通過對30種植物在鈷污染水體中研究表明,在80、120、160 mg/L時,倒掛金鐘的地上及單株生物量均顯著高于其他植物。各植物不同部位的鈷含量及富集量均隨鈷濃度的增加而增大,其中綠蘿的地上部鈷含量在各濃度下均最高,倒掛金鐘的根部鈷含量在各濃度下均顯著高于其他植物,在40 mg/L時,綠蘿的單株地上部鈷富集量最大,為1338.89μg,在80、120、160 mg/L時,倒掛金鐘的單株地上部鈷富集量為最大,在各處理濃度下,倒掛金鐘的根部和單株鈷富集量均最高;在各處理濃度,綠蘿的地上部及單株富集系數(shù)均最高,倒掛金鐘的地上部富集量系數(shù)、根部富集系數(shù)、根部及單株富集量系數(shù)均最高;在各處理濃度下,綠蘿、紫羅蘭、羽葉鬼針草的轉(zhuǎn)運系數(shù)均大于1;絕大多數(shù)植物的轉(zhuǎn)運量系數(shù)在不同濃度下均大于1。所以,倒掛金鐘、綠蘿、羽葉鬼針草和紫羅蘭可能是潛在的鈷富集植物。(3)通過對倒掛金鐘、綠蘿、常春藤、羽葉鬼針草和紫羅蘭5種植物在盆栽鈷污染土壤中研究表明,倒掛金鐘一直表現(xiàn)出正生長且生物量均高于其他植物,綠蘿、常春藤、羽葉鬼針草和紫羅蘭4種植物在鈷濃度為120 mg/kg時的生長情況與60 mg/kg時相比較弱,但均高于空白對照組。比較5種植物在不同鈷濃度處理下對鈷的吸收轉(zhuǎn)運富集能力可知,綠蘿和倒掛金鐘對鈷的吸收富集能力較強,在60 mg/kg時,各植物單株鈷富集量大小順序為:倒掛金鐘(48.30μg)綠蘿(36.62μg)常春藤(33.59μg)羽葉鬼針草(25.26μg)紫羅蘭(14.07μg);綠蘿的地上部(0.91)和單株鈷富集系數(shù)(0.93)均高于其他植物,綠蘿的轉(zhuǎn)運系數(shù)最高,為0.95。在120 mg/kg時,倒掛金鐘的地上部、根部及單株鈷富集量均顯著高于其他植物,綠蘿的地上部及單株鈷富集系數(shù)均大于1,且顯著大于其他植物,分別為1.14和1.20,羽葉鬼針草的根部富集系數(shù)(2.35)最大,綠蘿(1.43)次之;轉(zhuǎn)運系數(shù)大于0.5的植物有綠蘿(0.80)、常春藤(0.72)和紫羅蘭(0.54)3種�？梢娫谖廴就寥乐�,綠蘿和倒掛金鐘對鈷的吸收轉(zhuǎn)運富集能力較強,可能為鈷的富集植物。
[Abstract]:Low concentration of cobalt is an important element in plant growth, and high concentration of cobalt through the food chain will seriously affect human health, through phytoremediation of harmful substances in water or soil has been widely studied, of which the enrichment of harmful substances screened as the most important. Simulated cobalt-polluted water and simulated cobalt-polluted soil experiments were conducted to compare the growth of plants and their ability to absorb, transport and enrich cobalt under different concentrations of cobalt, and to explore the tolerance of different plants to cobalt and the mechanism of its absorption and enrichment, so as to screen out cobalt-enriched plants and provide theoretical basis for phytoremediation methods of cobalt pollution. The main results are as follows: (1) Seed germination tests of 9 species showed that cobalt treatment concentrations (20,40,80,120 mg/L) had no significant effect on the germination of sweet sorghum and rape; at low concentration (20 mg/L), cobalt promoted the germination of tested seeds; with the increase of cobalt concentration, the germination of most seeds appeared. The seed germination rate (80%) of radish at 120 mg/L was still higher than that of control (74%). The other plants were all lower than that of control, indicating that cobalt still promoted the seed germination of radish at high concentration, but it was toxic to other six plants. When the concentration of cobalt reached 120 mg/L, the cobalt content of the tested plants was 5.7% of the control (0 mg/L). 8-459.17 times, the highest content of cobalt in rape was 2399.15 mg/kg. Due to the difference of plant varieties, the biomass of different plants was significantly different, and the single-grain biomass of pea was the largest (301.14 mg). Sweet sorghum and rape showed strong tolerance and strong absorption of cobalt under cobalt stress. The results showed that the above-ground and individual biomass of Jinzhong were significantly higher than those of other plants at 80,120,160 mg/L. The cobalt content and enrichment in different parts of plants increased with the increase of cobalt concentration. The cobalt content in the above-ground part of Luoluo was the highest at all concentrations, and that in the root of Jinzhong was the highest at all concentrations. At 40 mg/L, the cobalt enrichment per plant was the highest, which was 1338.89 ug. At 80,120,160 mg/L, the cobalt enrichment per plant was the highest. At all treatment concentrations, the cobalt enrichment per plant and roots of Jinzhong was the highest. The above-ground enrichment coefficient, root enrichment coefficient, root enrichment coefficient and individual plant enrichment coefficient were the highest; under each treatment concentration, the transport coefficient of green radish, violet, Bidens pinnatifida were all greater than 1; the transport coefficient of most plants were greater than 1 under different concentrations. Grass and violet may be potential cobalt-enriched plants. (3) Through the study of five plants in potted cobalt-polluted soil, the results showed that the plant had been growing positively and its biomass was higher than that of other plants, including green Luo, Ivy, Dioscorea pinnatifida and violet. The growth of plants at 120 mg/kg was weaker than that at 60 mg/kg, but higher than that in the blank control group. Comparing the absorption, transport and enrichment ability of five plants at different cobalt concentrations, the absorption and enrichment ability of cobalt by green Luo and inverted Jinzhong were stronger. At 60 mg/kg, the order of the cobalt enrichment of each plant was inverted Jinzhong. (48.30 ug) green Luo (36.62 ug) Ivy (33.59 ug) Dioscorea pinnatifida (25.26 ug) Violet (14.07 ug); Green Luo (0.91 ug) and Cobalt Enrichment Cobalt Enrichment Coefficient per Plant (0.93) were higher than other plants, the transfer coefficient of green Luo (0.95.120 mg/kg) was the highest, and the cobalt enrichment of roots and individual plants were significantly higher than other plants. Cobalt enrichment coefficients of the above-ground and individual plants were higher than 1, and were significantly higher than those of other plants, 1.14 and 1.20, respectively. The root enrichment coefficients of Dioscorea pinnatifida (2.35) were the highest, followed by Dioscorea aurantia (1.43), and the plants with transport coefficients greater than 0.5 were Dioscorea aurantia (0.80), Ivy (0.72) and Violet (0.54). Clocks have strong ability to absorb and transport cobalt, which may be cobalt enrichment plants.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X173
本文編號：2207457
[Abstract]:Low concentration of cobalt is an important element in plant growth, and high concentration of cobalt through the food chain will seriously affect human health, through phytoremediation of harmful substances in water or soil has been widely studied, of which the enrichment of harmful substances screened as the most important. Simulated cobalt-polluted water and simulated cobalt-polluted soil experiments were conducted to compare the growth of plants and their ability to absorb, transport and enrich cobalt under different concentrations of cobalt, and to explore the tolerance of different plants to cobalt and the mechanism of its absorption and enrichment, so as to screen out cobalt-enriched plants and provide theoretical basis for phytoremediation methods of cobalt pollution. The main results are as follows: (1) Seed germination tests of 9 species showed that cobalt treatment concentrations (20,40,80,120 mg/L) had no significant effect on the germination of sweet sorghum and rape; at low concentration (20 mg/L), cobalt promoted the germination of tested seeds; with the increase of cobalt concentration, the germination of most seeds appeared. The seed germination rate (80%) of radish at 120 mg/L was still higher than that of control (74%). The other plants were all lower than that of control, indicating that cobalt still promoted the seed germination of radish at high concentration, but it was toxic to other six plants. When the concentration of cobalt reached 120 mg/L, the cobalt content of the tested plants was 5.7% of the control (0 mg/L). 8-459.17 times, the highest content of cobalt in rape was 2399.15 mg/kg. Due to the difference of plant varieties, the biomass of different plants was significantly different, and the single-grain biomass of pea was the largest (301.14 mg). Sweet sorghum and rape showed strong tolerance and strong absorption of cobalt under cobalt stress. The results showed that the above-ground and individual biomass of Jinzhong were significantly higher than those of other plants at 80,120,160 mg/L. The cobalt content and enrichment in different parts of plants increased with the increase of cobalt concentration. The cobalt content in the above-ground part of Luoluo was the highest at all concentrations, and that in the root of Jinzhong was the highest at all concentrations. At 40 mg/L, the cobalt enrichment per plant was the highest, which was 1338.89 ug. At 80,120,160 mg/L, the cobalt enrichment per plant was the highest. At all treatment concentrations, the cobalt enrichment per plant and roots of Jinzhong was the highest. The above-ground enrichment coefficient, root enrichment coefficient, root enrichment coefficient and individual plant enrichment coefficient were the highest; under each treatment concentration, the transport coefficient of green radish, violet, Bidens pinnatifida were all greater than 1; the transport coefficient of most plants were greater than 1 under different concentrations. Grass and violet may be potential cobalt-enriched plants. (3) Through the study of five plants in potted cobalt-polluted soil, the results showed that the plant had been growing positively and its biomass was higher than that of other plants, including green Luo, Ivy, Dioscorea pinnatifida and violet. The growth of plants at 120 mg/kg was weaker than that at 60 mg/kg, but higher than that in the blank control group. Comparing the absorption, transport and enrichment ability of five plants at different cobalt concentrations, the absorption and enrichment ability of cobalt by green Luo and inverted Jinzhong were stronger. At 60 mg/kg, the order of the cobalt enrichment of each plant was inverted Jinzhong. (48.30 ug) green Luo (36.62 ug) Ivy (33.59 ug) Dioscorea pinnatifida (25.26 ug) Violet (14.07 ug); Green Luo (0.91 ug) and Cobalt Enrichment Cobalt Enrichment Coefficient per Plant (0.93) were higher than other plants, the transfer coefficient of green Luo (0.95.120 mg/kg) was the highest, and the cobalt enrichment of roots and individual plants were significantly higher than other plants. Cobalt enrichment coefficients of the above-ground and individual plants were higher than 1, and were significantly higher than those of other plants, 1.14 and 1.20, respectively. The root enrichment coefficients of Dioscorea pinnatifida (2.35) were the highest, followed by Dioscorea aurantia (1.43), and the plants with transport coefficients greater than 0.5 were Dioscorea aurantia (0.80), Ivy (0.72) and Violet (0.54). Clocks have strong ability to absorb and transport cobalt, which may be cobalt enrichment plants.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X173
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