不同生物炭對鉛鋅礦尾礦重金屬污染土壤修復(fù)效果的研究
發(fā)布時間:2018-08-17 16:47
【摘要】:隨著城市化、工業(yè)化的不斷發(fā)展,土壤重金屬污染不斷加劇。作為新型環(huán)境功能材料,生物炭具有獨特的性質(zhì),可以通過靜電吸附、離子交換、表面絡(luò)合和共沉淀等方式有效降低土壤重金屬的活性和毒性,起到修復(fù)土壤的作用。然而,目前關(guān)于生物炭的研究多數(shù)集中于選取單一原料在不同溫度下制備而成的生物炭對重金屬的鈍化效果和可能作用機制方面,而將不同原料比例混合制備生物炭的研究鮮有報道,F(xiàn)有研究表明,水稻秸稈制備的生物炭比表面積較大;豬糞制備的生物炭灰分含量高,pH也較高,但其本身含有的重金屬使其存在一定的環(huán)境風(fēng)險。本研究以水稻秸稈和豬糞兩種生物質(zhì)材料為對象,設(shè)置水稻秸稈和豬糞質(zhì)量比為1:0、3:1、1:1、1:3和0:1,在400℃C下制備生物炭,探討不同生物炭的基本理化性質(zhì)和其對鉛鋅礦尾礦土壤pH、電導(dǎo)率、可溶性有機碳等的影響以及對土壤重金屬鉛、鋅、銅、鎘有效性和不同形態(tài)的變化趨勢以及對植物生長和吸收土壤重金屬的影響,探討生物炭在鉛鋅礦尾礦重金屬超標(biāo)土壤修復(fù)方面的作用潛力。主要結(jié)論如下:(1)生物炭基本元素組成、理化性質(zhì)和表面特性與原材料性質(zhì)密切相關(guān)。生物炭產(chǎn)率、灰分、重金屬Zn、Pb、Cu總量均隨豬糞添加比例的增加而增加,生物炭含水率、pH值、EC值、含碳和總K含量則隨水稻秸稈添加比例的增加而增加。水稻秸稈生物炭(R)和豬糞生物炭(M)比表面積和總孔容由小到大依次為RR3M1R1M3R1M1M,豬糞生物炭比表面積為3.462 m2/g。(2)通過培養(yǎng)試驗研究不同生物炭對土壤pH、EC和對重金屬有效態(tài)的影響。結(jié)果表明,五種生物炭均能夠提高土壤pH值和EC,且都隨添加量的增加而增加。在同一添加水平下,生物炭提高土壤pH的能力隨豬糞比例的增加而增加;生物炭對EC值提高作用的強度隨水稻秸稈比例的增加而增加。相關(guān)分析表明,重金屬Zn、Pb、Cd、Cu有效態(tài)含量與土壤pH值、EC值、DOC含量呈顯性負相關(guān)。生物炭對不同重金屬的鈍化效果與生物炭類型和土壤理化性質(zhì)相關(guān)。(3)通過盆栽試驗研究不同生物炭對青菜生長及對重金屬吸收的影響。結(jié)果表明,生物炭能增加土壤DOC含量,不同類型生物炭之間存在明顯差異。施用生物炭顯著提高青菜生物量,豬糞生物炭對青菜地上部增產(chǎn)效果最顯著;生物炭顯著減少青菜對土壤中重金屬的吸收,其中秸稈生物炭在減少青菜根系吸收重金屬上效果最為顯著。相關(guān)分析表明,青菜地上部Zn、Pb、Cd、Cu含量均與土壤pH呈顯著負相關(guān)關(guān)系,Zn、Pb、Cu含量與土壤EC呈顯著負相關(guān)關(guān)系,而青菜地下部Zn、Pb、Cd、Cu含量則與土壤pH值、EC值、DOC含量及Zn、Pb、 Cd、Cu有效態(tài)含量均呈顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:With the development of urbanization and industrialization, heavy metal pollution in soil is becoming more and more serious. As a new environmental functional material, biochar has unique properties, which can effectively reduce the activity and toxicity of heavy metals in soil by electrostatic adsorption, ion exchange, surface complexation and coprecipitation, and play a role in soil remediation. However, most of the current studies on biochar focus on the passivation effect and possible mechanism of heavy metals prepared from biochar prepared from a single raw material at different temperatures. However, there are few reports on the preparation of biochar by mixing different raw materials. The existing studies show that the specific surface area of biological carbon prepared by rice straw is large, and the content of carbon ash in pig manure is high and pH is high, but the heavy metals contained in it lead to a certain environmental risk. In this study, two kinds of biomass materials, rice straw and pig manure, were used to prepare biochar at 400 鈩,
本文編號:2188281
[Abstract]:With the development of urbanization and industrialization, heavy metal pollution in soil is becoming more and more serious. As a new environmental functional material, biochar has unique properties, which can effectively reduce the activity and toxicity of heavy metals in soil by electrostatic adsorption, ion exchange, surface complexation and coprecipitation, and play a role in soil remediation. However, most of the current studies on biochar focus on the passivation effect and possible mechanism of heavy metals prepared from biochar prepared from a single raw material at different temperatures. However, there are few reports on the preparation of biochar by mixing different raw materials. The existing studies show that the specific surface area of biological carbon prepared by rice straw is large, and the content of carbon ash in pig manure is high and pH is high, but the heavy metals contained in it lead to a certain environmental risk. In this study, two kinds of biomass materials, rice straw and pig manure, were used to prepare biochar at 400 鈩,
本文編號:2188281
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