【摘要】：膜生物反應(yīng)器(MBR)具有分離效率高、出水水質(zhì)好、污泥濃度高、生化能力強(qiáng)等優(yōu)勢(shì),是一種高效廢水處理新技術(shù)。然而,目前MBR用超濾膜耐污染性較差,降低了膜分離性能,減少膜的使用壽命,增加了運(yùn)行成本。本文針對(duì)膜生物反應(yīng)器用超濾膜耐污染性差、膜強(qiáng)度不高等問題,分別選用有機(jī)添加劑、無機(jī)添加劑、有機(jī)/無機(jī)復(fù)合添加劑配制超濾膜鑄膜液,通過改變鑄膜液中添加劑的種類和含量改變超濾膜的耐污染性和機(jī)械強(qiáng)度,制備高強(qiáng)度、耐污染的超濾膜。本文選用聚砜(PSF)為膜材料,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMAc)為有機(jī)溶劑,吐溫80為表面活性劑,系統(tǒng)地研究了聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、氯化鋰(LiCl)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/氯化鋰等添加劑對(duì)聚砜超濾膜的結(jié)構(gòu)與性能的影響,探討了鑄膜液中添加劑的種類和含量、聚砜含量、表面活性劑含量、攪拌溫度和凝固浴溫度等因素與超濾膜的耐污染性和機(jī)械強(qiáng)度的關(guān)系,研究、確定了適宜的高強(qiáng)度、耐污染聚砜超濾膜制備工藝,采用浸沒沉淀相轉(zhuǎn)化法制備了高強(qiáng)度、耐污染的聚砜中空纖維超濾膜。論文中采用實(shí)驗(yàn)室自制的膜性能評(píng)價(jià)裝置、接觸角測(cè)量儀對(duì)超濾膜的純水通量、截留率和耐污染性進(jìn)行了檢測(cè),用掃描電鏡表征了膜的表面形態(tài)和斷面結(jié)構(gòu)。(1)系統(tǒng)研究了以聚乙二醇為添加劑制備聚砜超濾膜的各種影響因素,確定了其制備工藝參數(shù):粘度0.58聚砜含量為14wt%,攪拌溫度為80℃,聚乙二醇(PEG)400含量為15 wt%,吐溫80含量為1 wt%,凝固浴溫度為35℃。制備的超濾膜純水通量為402.18 L/m2·h,截留率為91.76%,膜阻力增大系數(shù)為1.94,接觸角為84.6°,分離性能和耐污染性能均優(yōu)于不加添加劑的聚砜超濾膜。(2)系統(tǒng)研究了以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮為添加劑制備聚砜超濾膜的各種影響因素,確定了其制備工藝參數(shù):粘度0.58聚砜含量為13 wt%,攪拌溫度為70℃,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)K30含量為6 wt%,凝固浴溫度為30℃。制備的超濾膜純水通量為902.07L/m2·h,截留率為91.18%,膜阻力增大系數(shù)為1.35,接觸角為70.5°,分離性能和耐污染性能遠(yuǎn)優(yōu)于不加添加劑的聚砜超濾膜。(3)系統(tǒng)研究了以氯化鋰為添加劑制備聚砜超濾膜的各種影響因素,確定了其制備工藝參數(shù):粘度0.58聚砜含量14 wt%,氯化鋰含量為2.5 wt%,攪拌溫度為80℃,凝固浴溫度為30℃。制備的超濾膜純水通量為480.09 L/m2·h,截留率為91.79%,膜阻力增大系數(shù)為2.16,接觸角為83.4°,分離性能和耐污染性能均優(yōu)于不加添加劑的聚砜超濾膜。(4)在聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和氯化鋰的研究基礎(chǔ)上,系統(tǒng)研究了以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和氯化鋰為添加劑制備聚砜超濾膜的各種影響因素,確定了其制備工藝參數(shù):聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和氯化鋰比例含量為9:1,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和氯化鋰復(fù)合添加劑總含量為6 wt%。制備的聚砜超濾膜純水通量為1158.44 L/m2·h,截留率為86.22%,膜阻力增大系數(shù)為1.65,接觸角為80.5°,耐污染性能雖然較以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮為添加劑的聚砜超濾膜稍差,但優(yōu)于以聚乙二醇為添加劑的聚砜超濾膜、以氯化鋰為添加劑的聚砜超濾膜和不加添加劑的聚砜超濾膜。(5)在前期研究基礎(chǔ)上,研究、確定了以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和氯化鋰為復(fù)合添加劑的中空纖維超濾膜的制備工藝,并制備了高強(qiáng)度、耐污染的外壓式聚砜中空纖維超濾膜,制備的外壓式聚砜超濾膜純水通量為305.47 L/m2·h,截留率為91.62%,斷裂強(qiáng)力為873cN,斷裂拉伸率為197%,膜阻力增大系數(shù)為1.86,接觸角為81.4°,分離性能、機(jī)械性能和耐污染性能均優(yōu)于無添加劑中空纖維聚砜超濾膜和商業(yè)化的內(nèi)壓式聚砜中空纖維超濾膜。
[Abstract]:Membrane bioreactor (MBR) has many advantages, such as high separation efficiency, good effluent quality, high sludge concentration and strong biochemical ability. It is a new high-efficiency wastewater treatment technology. However, at present, the MBR ultrafiltration membrane has poor pollution resistance, reduces the membrane separation performance, reduces the service life of the membrane and increases the operation cost. Ultrafiltration membranes were prepared with organic additives, inorganic additives and organic/inorganic composite additives respectively. By changing the type and content of additives in the casting solution, the anti-fouling and mechanical strength of the ultrafiltration membranes were changed to prepare high-strength and anti-fouling ultrafiltration membranes. The effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), lithium chloride (LiCl), polyvinylpyrrolidone/lithium chloride and other additives on the structure and properties of polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes were systematically studied. The types and contents of additives in casting solution were discussed. The relationship between the content of polysulfone, surfactant, stirring temperature and coagulation bath temperature and the fouling resistance and mechanical strength of the ultrafiltration membrane was studied. The suitable preparation process of high strength and fouling resistance polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane was determined. The high strength and fouling resistance polysulfone hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane was prepared by immersion precipitation phase inversion method. The water flux, rejection rate and anti-fouling ability of the ultrafiltration membrane were measured by the contact angle meter. The surface morphology and cross-section structure of the membrane were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. (1) The factors affecting the preparation of polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane with polyethylene glycol as additive were studied systematically. The technological parameters are as follows: viscosity 0.58 polysulfone content is 14wt%, stirring temperature is 80%. PEG 400 content is 15wt%, Tween 80 content is 1wt%, coagulation bath temperature is 35%. Polysulfone Ultrafiltration Membrane without additives. (2) The factors affecting the preparation of polysulfone Ultrafiltration Membrane with polyvinylpyrrolidone as additive were studied systematically. The preparation parameters were determined as follows: viscosity 0.58, polysulfone content 13 wt%, stirring temperature 70%, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K30 content 6 wt%, coagulation bath temperature 30%. Pure water flux of membrane is 902.07 L/m2.h, rejection rate is 91.18%, membrane resistance coefficient is 1.35, contact angle is 70.5 degrees, separation performance and anti-fouling performance is much better than that of polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane without additives. (3) The factors affecting the preparation of polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane with lithium chloride as additive are studied systematically, and the preparation parameters are determined as follows: viscosity 0. 58 polysulfone content is 14 wt%, lithium chloride content is 2.5 wt%, stirring temperature is 80 C, coagulation bath temperature is 30 C. Pure water flux is 480.09 L/m2 h, rejection rate is 91.79%, membrane resistance coefficient is 2.16, contact angle is 83.4 Degree, separation performance and anti-fouling performance are better than those of polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane without additives. (4) In polyethylene pyrrole membrane Based on the study of pyrrolidone and lithium chloride, the factors affecting the preparation of polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane with polyvinylpyrrolidone and lithium chloride as additives were studied systematically. The preparation parameters were determined as follows: the ratio of polyvinylpyrrolidone to lithium chloride was 9:1, the total content of polyvinylpyrrolidone and lithium chloride as additives was 6 wt%. The purified water flux of polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane was 1158.44 L/m2.h, the rejection rate was 86.22%, the membrane resistance increased coefficient was 1.65, and the contact angle was 80.5 degrees. Although the fouling resistance of the membrane was slightly worse than that of polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane with polyethylene glycol as additive and lithium chloride as additive, it was better than that of polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane with polyethylene glycol as additive and polysulfone ultrafiltration with lithium chloride as additive. Polysulfone Ultrafiltration Membrane and Polysulfone Ultrafiltration Membrane without Additives. (5) On the basis of previous studies, the preparation process of hollow fiber Ultrafiltration Membrane with polyvinylpyrrolidone and lithium chloride as compound additives was determined, and the high strength and pollution-resistant hollow fiber Ultrafiltration Membrane with external pressure was prepared. 5.47 L/m2.h, the rejection rate is 91.62%, the breaking strength is 873 cN, the breaking elongation rate is 197%, the increase coefficient of membrane resistance is 1.86, the contact angle is 81.4 degrees. The separation performance, mechanical performance and anti-pollution performance are superior to those of hollow fiber polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane without additives and commercial hollow fiber polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：濟(jì)南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X703

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

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本文編號(hào)：2183609