典型制藥廢水及其受納水體的毒性研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-12 19:10
【摘要】：制藥廢水是我國工業(yè)廢水重點(diǎn)處理處置目標(biāo)。藥物生產(chǎn)的全生命周期過程中,產(chǎn)生大量含有溶解性原材料、有機(jī)溶劑、有毒有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)的廢水。該廢水具有難降解、組成復(fù)雜、COD值偏高的特點(diǎn),并且廢水中的有毒有害污染物質(zhì)會導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的生態(tài)危害。我國以化學(xué)需氧量(COD)、生物需氧量(BOD5)、氨氮等理化指標(biāo)作為制藥行業(yè)廢水排放管理標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但是這些參數(shù)無法準(zhǔn)確反映廢水中殘留的有毒有害物質(zhì)對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和人類的潛在毒害作用。生物毒性測試是監(jiān)測水質(zhì)安全的有效手段。利用水生生物進(jìn)行水質(zhì)毒性監(jiān)測能夠較好的反映綜合廢水中多種有毒物質(zhì)復(fù)合暴露的實(shí)際毒性效應(yīng)。本論文研究典型制藥廢水對水生生物的一般毒性和遺傳毒性,以及水解酸化-好氧過程對該廢水生物毒性的消減能力。比較研究制藥廢水受納水體對國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式生物-斑馬魚和本土物種-麥穗魚的遺傳毒性和氧化損傷作用,為控制制藥廢水的生態(tài)毒性和對人類健康的潛在危害提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。比較制藥廢水對4個(gè)營養(yǎng)級別5種不同水生生物的一般毒性和遺傳毒性,受試生物包括細(xì)菌(明亮發(fā)光桿菌)、浮游植物(斜生柵藻)、浮游動物(草履蟲、大型蚤)和魚類(斑馬魚)為受試生物。一般毒性結(jié)果顯示,該制藥廢水處理過程水及排放水對斑馬魚致死效應(yīng)的毒性單位(TU,100/LC5o)在1.4～2.9,對大型蚤的活動抑制效應(yīng)TU在1.0～2.7；草履蟲致死效應(yīng)TU在0-1.5；對斜生柵藻、發(fā)光細(xì)菌無明顯生長抑制和發(fā)光抑制效應(yīng)。4個(gè)營養(yǎng)級別生物對該制藥廢水毒性反應(yīng)的靈敏性從高到低依次為,斑馬魚大型蚤草履蟲明亮發(fā)光桿菌和斜生柵藻。提示該制藥廢水對高等生物毒性較強(qiáng)。斑馬魚肝細(xì)胞彗星實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,該制藥廢水在2%濃度下,即造成顯著的DNA損傷作用。經(jīng)過水解酸化-好氧法處理后,該制藥廢水水質(zhì)達(dá)到《化學(xué)合成類制藥工業(yè)水污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》,但出水仍對草履蟲、大型蚤和斑馬魚產(chǎn)生急性毒性作用,并對斑馬魚產(chǎn)生遺傳毒性。細(xì)河、蒲河是遼河流域制藥行業(yè)污水排放的主要受納水體。以國際通用物種斑馬魚和遼河流域本地物種麥穗魚為受試生物進(jìn)行細(xì)河、蒲河及二者匯入渾河后河段的毒性評價(jià)。各采樣點(diǎn)對斑馬魚和麥穗魚無致死作用。與對照組相比,細(xì)河上游、蒲河中游采樣點(diǎn)對兩種受試魚類無顯著遺傳毒性。細(xì)河匯入渾河后下游、蒲河下游水體對受試魚類表現(xiàn)為極顯著的遺傳毒性效應(yīng)和氧化損傷作用。與通用物種斑馬魚相比,遼河流域本地物種麥穗魚在DNA損傷和氧化損傷評價(jià)過程中,具有較高的生物靈敏性和穩(wěn)定性,可作為遼河流域水質(zhì)安全性評價(jià)的本土受試生物。
[Abstract]:Pharmaceutical wastewater is the target of industrial wastewater treatment in China. During the whole life cycle of drug production, a large number of wastewater containing dissolved raw materials, organic solvents and toxic and harmful chemicals are produced. The wastewater is difficult to degrade and the COD value of complex components is high, and the toxic and harmful pollutants in the wastewater will cause serious ecological harm. In China, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), ammonia nitrogen and other physical and chemical indexes are taken as the management standard of wastewater discharge. However, these parameters can not accurately reflect the potential toxic effects of residual toxic and harmful substances in wastewater on ecosystem and human beings. Biotoxicity test is an effective method to monitor the safety of water quality. Using aquatic organisms to monitor the toxicity of water quality can reflect the actual toxicity effect of the compound exposure of many toxic substances in the comprehensive wastewater. In this paper, the general toxicity and genetic toxicity of typical pharmaceutical wastewater to aquatic organisms and the ability of hydrolytic acidification-aerobic process to reduce the biological toxicity of the wastewater were studied. In order to control the ecological toxicity of pharmaceutical wastewater and its potential harm to human health, the genotoxicity and oxidative damage of pharmaceutical wastewater to the international standard organism zebrafish and native species, were studied comparatively in order to provide a scientific basis for controlling the ecological toxicity of pharmaceutical wastewater and its potential harm to human health. The general toxicity and genetic toxicity of pharmaceutical wastewater to 5 different aquatic organisms of four nutrient levels were compared. The tested organisms included bacteria (luminescent bacilli), phytoplankton (S. obliquus), zooplankton (paramecium), and phytoplankton (paramecium). Large fleas and fish (zebrafish) were tested. The general toxicity results showed that the toxic unit of lethal effect of water and discharged water on zebrafish (TUU / 100 / LC5o) was 1.4 / 2.9, the activity inhibitory effect on flea was 1.0 / 2.7, the lethal effect of paramecium was 0-1.5, and the activity inhibition effect of P.macrophylla was 0-1.5, respectively. There was no obvious growth inhibition and luminescence inhibition by luminescent bacteria. The sensitivity of the four nutrient-grade organisms to the toxic reaction of the pharmaceutical wastewater was in the order of high to low, the bioluminescent bacilli of Paramecia macrophylla and S. obliquus were in the order of high to low. The results suggest that the pharmaceutical wastewater is highly toxic to higher biological organisms. The results of comet assay of zebrafish hepatocytes showed that the DNA damage of the wastewater was significant at the concentration of 2%. After hydrolytic acidification-aerobic treatment, the wastewater reached the discharge standard of water pollutants in chemosynthetic pharmaceutical industry, but the effluent still had acute toxicity to paramecium, flea and zebrafish. And genotoxicity to zebrafish. Xianhe and Puhe are the main water bodies for wastewater discharge from pharmaceutical industry in Liaohe River Basin. Using zebrafish, an international common species, and wheat spike fish, a native species in the Liaohe River Basin, as experimental organisms, the toxicity evaluation of the small river, Puhe River and the hind reaches of the Hunhe River was carried out. There was no lethal effect on zebrafish and wheat spike fish at each sampling point. Compared with the control group, the sampling sites in the upper reaches of the river and the middle reaches of Puhe had no significant genotoxicity to the two species of fish. After the river flows into the lower reaches of the Hunhe River, the water in the lower reaches of the Puhe River shows very significant genotoxicity and oxidative damage to the tested fish. Compared with the common species zebrafish, the native species of wheat spikfish in Liaohe River Basin has higher biological sensitivity and stability in the process of DNA damage and oxidative damage evaluation, and can be used as the native tested organisms for water quality safety evaluation in Liaohe River Basin.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X787;X171.5
本文編號：2180045
[Abstract]:Pharmaceutical wastewater is the target of industrial wastewater treatment in China. During the whole life cycle of drug production, a large number of wastewater containing dissolved raw materials, organic solvents and toxic and harmful chemicals are produced. The wastewater is difficult to degrade and the COD value of complex components is high, and the toxic and harmful pollutants in the wastewater will cause serious ecological harm. In China, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), ammonia nitrogen and other physical and chemical indexes are taken as the management standard of wastewater discharge. However, these parameters can not accurately reflect the potential toxic effects of residual toxic and harmful substances in wastewater on ecosystem and human beings. Biotoxicity test is an effective method to monitor the safety of water quality. Using aquatic organisms to monitor the toxicity of water quality can reflect the actual toxicity effect of the compound exposure of many toxic substances in the comprehensive wastewater. In this paper, the general toxicity and genetic toxicity of typical pharmaceutical wastewater to aquatic organisms and the ability of hydrolytic acidification-aerobic process to reduce the biological toxicity of the wastewater were studied. In order to control the ecological toxicity of pharmaceutical wastewater and its potential harm to human health, the genotoxicity and oxidative damage of pharmaceutical wastewater to the international standard organism zebrafish and native species, were studied comparatively in order to provide a scientific basis for controlling the ecological toxicity of pharmaceutical wastewater and its potential harm to human health. The general toxicity and genetic toxicity of pharmaceutical wastewater to 5 different aquatic organisms of four nutrient levels were compared. The tested organisms included bacteria (luminescent bacilli), phytoplankton (S. obliquus), zooplankton (paramecium), and phytoplankton (paramecium). Large fleas and fish (zebrafish) were tested. The general toxicity results showed that the toxic unit of lethal effect of water and discharged water on zebrafish (TUU / 100 / LC5o) was 1.4 / 2.9, the activity inhibitory effect on flea was 1.0 / 2.7, the lethal effect of paramecium was 0-1.5, and the activity inhibition effect of P.macrophylla was 0-1.5, respectively. There was no obvious growth inhibition and luminescence inhibition by luminescent bacteria. The sensitivity of the four nutrient-grade organisms to the toxic reaction of the pharmaceutical wastewater was in the order of high to low, the bioluminescent bacilli of Paramecia macrophylla and S. obliquus were in the order of high to low. The results suggest that the pharmaceutical wastewater is highly toxic to higher biological organisms. The results of comet assay of zebrafish hepatocytes showed that the DNA damage of the wastewater was significant at the concentration of 2%. After hydrolytic acidification-aerobic treatment, the wastewater reached the discharge standard of water pollutants in chemosynthetic pharmaceutical industry, but the effluent still had acute toxicity to paramecium, flea and zebrafish. And genotoxicity to zebrafish. Xianhe and Puhe are the main water bodies for wastewater discharge from pharmaceutical industry in Liaohe River Basin. Using zebrafish, an international common species, and wheat spike fish, a native species in the Liaohe River Basin, as experimental organisms, the toxicity evaluation of the small river, Puhe River and the hind reaches of the Hunhe River was carried out. There was no lethal effect on zebrafish and wheat spike fish at each sampling point. Compared with the control group, the sampling sites in the upper reaches of the river and the middle reaches of Puhe had no significant genotoxicity to the two species of fish. After the river flows into the lower reaches of the Hunhe River, the water in the lower reaches of the Puhe River shows very significant genotoxicity and oxidative damage to the tested fish. Compared with the common species zebrafish, the native species of wheat spikfish in Liaohe River Basin has higher biological sensitivity and stability in the process of DNA damage and oxidative damage evaluation, and can be used as the native tested organisms for water quality safety evaluation in Liaohe River Basin.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X787;X171.5
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