【摘要】：基于茶園土壤及茶葉中重金屬鉛鎘污染不斷加劇的現(xiàn)狀以及采用含磷物質(zhì)修復(fù)重金屬污染土壤技術(shù)的發(fā)展,本文在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,將含磷物質(zhì)對(duì)重金屬污染土壤的原位修復(fù)技術(shù)應(yīng)用于茶園土壤—茶樹系統(tǒng)中,開展了不同磷肥對(duì)茶園土壤鉛鎘有效性及茶樹對(duì)其吸收累積影響的研究,以明確不同磷肥種類及施加量對(duì)重金屬污染茶園系統(tǒng)的影響,為鉛鎘污染的茶園土壤修復(fù)和保證茶葉質(zhì)量安全提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。本文通過盆栽試驗(yàn),研究了在不同培養(yǎng)期內(nèi)(1、2和4個(gè)月),施用不同磷肥種類(過磷酸鈣、磷酸二氫鉀、鈣鎂磷肥)及施磷量(0.2、0.5gP2O5·kg-1)分別對(duì)鉛和鎘污染茶園土壤pH、有效態(tài)鉛鎘含量及茶樹吸收累積的影響。主要研究成果如下：(1)施加過磷酸鈣(CSP)和磷酸二氫鉀(MKP)對(duì)提高茶園土壤pH的效應(yīng)較低,影響不顯著；施加鈣鎂磷肥(CMP)可有效提高茶園土壤的pH,且施磷量增大,土壤pH也增大,表明鈣鎂磷肥可有效改善茶園土壤的酸性環(huán)境。(2)與不施磷肥相比,3種磷肥施加均不同程度的增大了土壤有效鉛(鹽酸提取態(tài))含量；其中,鈣鎂磷肥的增幅最大,且隨著施磷量增大,有效鉛含量降低。鈣鎂磷肥和過磷酸鈣均顯著增大了土壤有效鎘(鹽酸提取態(tài))含量；處理4個(gè)月后,磷酸二氫鉀處理下有效鎘含量低于對(duì)照,但降幅不大。(3)茶樹根系對(duì)鉛有較強(qiáng)的富集能力,對(duì)鎘的富集能力極強(qiáng)；各組織對(duì)鉛鎘的富集能力表現(xiàn)為根莖葉；鉛鎘大部分均累積在根部,向葉片的遷移量低,葉片對(duì)鉛鎘的富集系數(shù)均小于1,富集能力相對(duì)較弱。(4)較高施磷量的鈣鎂磷肥施加顯著降低了茶樹各組織對(duì)鉛和鎘的吸收；較高施磷量下茶樹各組織的鉛鎘含量均低于較低施磷量處理；在較低施磷量下,3種磷肥處理根系對(duì)鉛的吸收均顯著增大,過磷酸鈣和鈣鎂磷肥顯著增大了葉片對(duì)鉛的吸收,而磷酸二氫鉀處理影響不顯著；處理4個(gè)月后,鈣鎂磷肥和磷酸二氫鉀處理下根系對(duì)鎘的吸收均顯著低于對(duì)照,在較低施磷水平處理下,3種磷肥均顯著增大了葉片中鎘含量。(5)在本實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下,土壤pH與有效態(tài)鉛和鎘呈正相關(guān)性,與茶樹各組織對(duì)鉛和鎘的吸收累積量呈負(fù)相關(guān)；有效態(tài)鉛與茶樹各組織鉛含量相關(guān)性不顯著,有效態(tài)鎘與茶樹根系鎘含量呈負(fù)相關(guān)性；茶樹各組織對(duì)鉛和鎘的吸收量之間相關(guān)性顯著。
[Abstract]:Based on the increasing pollution of heavy metal lead and cadmium in tea garden soil and tea, and the development of remediation technology of heavy metal contaminated soil with phosphorous substance, this paper is based on the previous studies. The in situ remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils with phosphorus was applied to tea garden soil-tea plant system. The effects of different phosphorus fertilizers on the availability of lead and cadmium in tea garden soil and the effect of tea plants on their absorption and accumulation were studied. In order to determine the effects of different kinds and amounts of phosphate fertilizer on tea garden system polluted by heavy metals, this paper provides a scientific basis for soil remediation of tea garden polluted by lead and cadmium and for ensuring the quality and safety of tea. Pot experiment was conducted to study the application of different kinds of phosphate fertilizer (calcium superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate) in different culture periods (1 ~ 2 and 4 months). The effects of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (FMP) and phosphorus application rate (0.2GP2O5 kg-1) on the pH, available Pb-CD content and uptake accumulation of tea plantations polluted by Pb and CD, respectively. The main results are as follows: (1) the effects of calcium superphosphate (CSP) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (MKP) on increasing the pH of tea garden soil were low, but the effect was not significant, and the application of (CMP) fertilizer could effectively increase the pH value of tea garden soil, and the amount of phosphorus applied increased, and the soil pH increased. The results showed that the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer could effectively improve the acidic environment of tea garden soil. (2) compared with no phosphate fertilizer, the content of available lead (hydrochloric acid extract) was increased in different degrees, and the increase of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer was the largest. And the effective lead content decreased with the increase of phosphorus application. Both calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and superphosphate fertilizer significantly increased the content of available cadmium (hydrochloric acid extract) in the soil, and after 4 months treatment, the available cadmium content in the treatment of potassium dihydrogen phosphate was lower than that in the control, but the decrease was not significant. (3) the root system of tea plants had a strong ability to enrich lead. The accumulation ability of cadmium was very strong, the enrichment ability of each tissue to Pb and CD was shown as rhizome leaf, most of Pb and CD accumulated in the root, and the migration to leaf was low. The enrichment coefficient of lead and cadmium in leaves was less than 1, and the enrichment ability was relatively weak. (4) the absorption of lead and cadmium in tea plants was significantly decreased by the application of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with higher phosphorus application rate. The Pb and CD contents of tea plant tissues were lower than those of lower P application treatments, and the root uptake of Pb was significantly increased under the lower P application rates, and the uptake of Pb by leaves was significantly increased by calcium superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. But the effect of potassium dihydrogen phosphate treatment was not significant, and after 4 months treatment, the absorption of cadmium in roots of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate treatment was significantly lower than that of the control. (5) under the experimental conditions, soil pH was positively correlated with available lead and cadmium, and negatively correlated with the uptake and accumulation of Pb and CD in tea plants. There was no significant correlation between available lead and lead content in tea plants, but a negative correlation between available cadmium and CD content in roots of tea plants, and there was a significant correlation between Pb and CD uptake in tea plants.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X53

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本文編號(hào)：2179353