【摘要】：水是人類社會生產(chǎn)、生活密不可分的重要資源,是社會發(fā)展、生活繼續(xù)、生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營的寶貴物質(zhì)與財富。然而,近幾年水資源情況來看,我國的淡水資源呈現(xiàn)逐漸短缺的態(tài)勢,加之存在的社會因素,使得水體的富營養(yǎng)化問題變得日益嚴(yán)重。近年來,人們逐漸的利用水生植物來對水體進(jìn)行凈化處理,但伴隨植物的生長,其問題也顯現(xiàn)出來,在植物進(jìn)入衰亡期后,植物腐爛物質(zhì)分解產(chǎn)生營養(yǎng)元素,易造成水體的二次污染。然而,也有學(xué)者指出,在秋冬季,植物腐爛不會對水質(zhì)產(chǎn)生太大影響,反而會改善水體內(nèi)氮磷元素的循環(huán)過程,避免水體的進(jìn)一步惡化。本試驗將以芡實作為研究對象,設(shè)定四個濃度梯度的富營養(yǎng)化等級,另設(shè)一組無芡實的對照組,歷時芡實的整個生命周期及腐爛之后,研究其對水體凈化的能力、芡實腐爛后對水體水質(zhì)帶來的變化以及底泥中營養(yǎng)元素的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化。研究結(jié)果表明:⑴不同等級的富營養(yǎng)水體對芡實葉片SPAD值的變化研究。通過對不同等級富營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)下芡實葉片SPAD值的測定,各級富營養(yǎng)水體中芡實的葉片SPAD值變化不大,不同的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)濃度不會影響芡實的正常生長。⑵芡實對不同等級富營養(yǎng)化水體凈化效果研究。在不同等級富營養(yǎng)化水體中,芡實對水體內(nèi)的各營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)(總氮、硝態(tài)氮、氨氮、總磷)都有明顯的凈化效果�？傮w來看,總氮去除效果表現(xiàn)為:2#3#1#空白組,去除率分別是92.84%、91.71%、87.44%和77.46%;硝態(tài)氮去除效果依次為3#2#1#空白組,去除率分別為:89.95%、89.03%、87.89%、85.17%;氨氮去除效果依次為:3#2#1#空白,去除率分別為:99.56%、99.51%、99.04%、69.84%�？偭兹コЧ来螢�:2#3#1#空白組,去除率分別為87.3%、82.9%、76.7%和64.6%。⑶芡實腐爛物對水質(zhì)影響。芡實的腐爛分解,致使氮磷營養(yǎng)元素濃度增加,但隨著腐爛物的慢慢減少,其水質(zhì)影響會逐漸變小,具體表現(xiàn)為總氮濃度會略低于腐爛之初的水體濃度,但磷表現(xiàn)相反,略高,對照組濃度始終低于芡實組。⑷芡實生命周期底泥營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)變化研究。在水質(zhì)凈化期間,1#水樣水體中的總氮濃度呈現(xiàn)先升高逐漸下降再升高,隨后下降的趨勢,試驗結(jié)束后,底泥中的氮含量低于初始值,且低于無芡實對照組。芡實在整個期間內(nèi)的變化表示,即使芡實腐爛,最終的底泥氮含量依然低于起始值。而底泥中總磷的濃度呈現(xiàn)先下降后略微上升又下降的趨勢,直至腐爛分解后的12月,底泥中磷含量最高,達(dá)到0.33g/kg,比原始磷含量的0.25g/kg高出32%。
[Abstract]:Water is an important resource for human society to produce and live inextricably. It is also a valuable material and wealth for social development, living, production and management. However, in recent years, the situation of water resources in China is gradually short of fresh water resources, coupled with the existing social factors, the eutrophication of water becomes more and more serious. In recent years, people gradually use aquatic plants to purify the water body, but with the growth of plants, its problems also appear. After the plant enters the decay period, the decomposition of plant decomposes to produce nutrient elements. It is easy to cause secondary pollution of water. However, some scholars point out that in autumn and winter, plant decay will not have too much effect on water quality, but will improve the circulation process of nitrogen and phosphorus elements in water, and avoid the further deterioration of water body. In this experiment, the eutrophication grade of four concentration gradients was set up, and a control group without Euryale seed was set up. After the whole life cycle and decay of Euryale seed, the ability of purifying water was studied. The changes of water quality and the transport and transformation of nutrient elements in sediment caused by rotting of Euryale cornale. The results showed that the change of SPAD value of Euryale Euryale leaves was studied with different levels of eutrophication water at 1: 1. The SPAD values of the leaves of Euryale Euryale under different levels of eutrophication were determined. The SPAD values of the leaves of Euryale Euryale in different levels of eutrophic water had little change. The effect of nutrient concentration on purification of eutrophication water was studied. In different levels of eutrophication water, Euryale Euryale has obvious purification effect on all nutrients (total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus) in water body. As a whole, the removal effect of total nitrogen was 92.84% and 77.46% respectively in the control group of #1# 3 #1# with the removal rate of 92.84% and 77.46% respectively; the removal effect of nitrate nitrogen was in turn the blank group of #2#1# with the removal rate of 87.8985.175.The removal rate of nitrogen was 87.8985.175.The removal effect of ammonia nitrogen was respectively 99.5699.51and 99.049.04m for the #1# #1# blank group, and the removal rate was 99.5699.51and 99.049.04. The removal rate of total phosphorus was 87.3% and 64.6.3% respectively in #3#1# control group, and the removal rate was 87.3% and 64.6.3% respectively. The decomposition of Euryale cornale resulted in the increase of nutrient concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus, but with the decreasing of the rotting matter, the water quality effect will gradually become smaller. The specific manifestation is that the total nitrogen concentration will be slightly lower than the water concentration at the beginning of decomposition, but the phosphorus concentration will be opposite and slightly higher. The concentration of nutrient in the control group was always lower than that in the control group. During the period of water purification, the concentration of total nitrogen in the water samples first increased and then decreased, and then decreased. After the experiment, the nitrogen content in the sediment was lower than the initial value and lower than that in the control group without Euryale. The change of the seed during the whole period indicates that the final nitrogen content of the sediment is still lower than the initial value even though it is rotten. The concentration of total phosphorus in sediment decreased first, then increased slightly and then decreased, until 12 months after decomposing, the content of phosphorus in sediment was the highest, reaching 0.33 g / kg, which was 32% higher than the original phosphorus content of 0.25g/kg.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X52;X171.4

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