枸杞島瓦氏馬尾藻規(guī)�；鲳B(yǎng)殖及生態(tài)修復(fù)作用研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-06 15:56
【摘要】：瓦氏馬尾藻(Sargassum vachellianum)屬于褐藻門(mén)(Phaeophyta),為我國(guó)特有物種,外形為樹(shù)狀,株高可達(dá)160cm,是我國(guó)浙江、廣東沿海自然海藻場(chǎng)重要組成部分。馬尾藻具有重要經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值,是我國(guó)鮑魚(yú)、海參等重要海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)物養(yǎng)殖重要鮮活海藻餌料來(lái)源之一,且馬尾藻多糖及藻膠可作為醫(yī)藥和工業(yè)原料。近年來(lái),由于我國(guó)近海海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化,富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重,我國(guó)沿海瓦氏馬尾藻藻場(chǎng)呈退化趨勢(shì)。其中,浙江省枸杞島瓦氏馬尾藻野生資源受到嚴(yán)重破壞,瓦氏馬尾藻藻場(chǎng)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中度退化、Ⅲ類退化級(jí)別,健康狀況一般。因此,如何保護(hù)和構(gòu)建瓦氏馬尾藻藻場(chǎng)、充分利用野生瓦氏馬尾藻資源治理海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境是當(dāng)前緊迫任務(wù)。在本實(shí)驗(yàn)室瓦氏馬尾藻人工藻礁構(gòu)建工程技術(shù)建立的基礎(chǔ)上,本文則主要研究了瓦氏馬尾藻規(guī)�；鲳B(yǎng)殖及生態(tài)修復(fù)作用。首先,在實(shí)驗(yàn)室水平研究了溫度、光照和鹽度重要環(huán)境因子對(duì)瓦氏馬尾藻生長(zhǎng)及光合作用的影響;其次,在此基礎(chǔ)上,建立了瓦氏馬尾藻規(guī)�；斯び缂昂^(qū)培育體系;第三,在枸杞島后頭灣研究了瓦氏馬尾藻規(guī)�；B(yǎng)殖及生態(tài)修復(fù)作用,以期使枸杞島瓦氏馬尾藻天然藻場(chǎng)得到恢復(fù),并為后期利用大型海藻進(jìn)行海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境修復(fù),減緩海水富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化提供理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)支持。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.重要環(huán)境因子對(duì)瓦氏馬尾藻生長(zhǎng)及光合作用的影響研究了不同溫度、光照強(qiáng)度和鹽度對(duì)瓦氏馬尾藻生長(zhǎng)、光合色素含量及光合放氧活性的影響。結(jié)果表明,3種環(huán)境因子對(duì)瓦氏馬尾藻生長(zhǎng)、光合色素含量及光合放氧活性影響顯著(P0.05)。其中,瓦氏馬尾藻適宜生長(zhǎng)條件為:溫度15~20℃,最適溫度為20℃;光照強(qiáng)度20~60μmol·m-2·s-1;鹽度20~40,最適鹽度為30。最高特定生長(zhǎng)率達(dá)5.80%·d-1。溫度高于25℃或光照強(qiáng)度大于200μmol·m-2·s-1或鹽度小于10或大于50藻體兩周后基本停止生長(zhǎng)并出現(xiàn)發(fā)白、變軟、腐爛現(xiàn)象。溫度10~20℃、光照強(qiáng)度20~60μmol·m-2·s-1、鹽度20~40時(shí)較適宜瓦氏馬尾藻光合色素的積累。溫度20℃、光照強(qiáng)度100μmol·m-2·s-1、鹽度30時(shí)瓦氏馬尾藻的光合放氧活性最高,最高值達(dá)258.50μmol·mg-1·h-1。與低光強(qiáng)相比高光強(qiáng)對(duì)瓦氏馬尾藻光合放氧活性的抑制作用不明顯。研究結(jié)果為瓦氏馬尾藻資源保護(hù)和藻場(chǎng)修復(fù)提供了理論依據(jù)。2.枸杞島瓦氏馬尾藻規(guī)�；缂昂^(qū)培育技術(shù)研究研究了瓦氏馬尾藻規(guī)�；庇夹g(shù)優(yōu)化及海區(qū)養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)。通過(guò)采集海區(qū)成熟藻體,進(jìn)行室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)催熟放散受精卵,共收集到受精卵920.8萬(wàn)顆,并噴灑于水泥板、棕繩、木板3種基質(zhì),進(jìn)行瓦氏馬尾藻受精卵附著、萌發(fā)、生長(zhǎng)等實(shí)驗(yàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)棕繩育苗效果最佳,而木板在育苗后期脫苗最為嚴(yán)重。受精卵噴灑10天后,3種附著基的出苗率分別為85.5%、80.2%、91.3%,幼苗呈褐色針狀,平均株高約1.3mm。前20天三種附著基幼苗密度較高且保持穩(wěn)定,其中木板幼苗密度最高,達(dá)8.2株/cm2,且與其它各組差異顯著(P0.05),但幼苗均生長(zhǎng)緩慢,平均特定生長(zhǎng)率只有5.5%·d-1。第30天,幼苗出現(xiàn)明顯分枝,生長(zhǎng)率增大到前20天的1.6倍,其中棕簾幼苗株高最大,且與其它兩組差異顯著(P0.05),而3種附著基幼苗密度均明顯降低,幼苗存活率為83.6%、79.7%和75.6%。第60天棕繩幼苗密度及平均株高均最大,且與其它組差異顯著(P0.05)。將附有幼苗的水泥板(藻礁)、棕繩放入海區(qū)進(jìn)行養(yǎng)殖,發(fā)現(xiàn)幼苗在浪大流急海區(qū)生長(zhǎng)較快,4周后平均株高分別達(dá)98.7mm和103.1mm是對(duì)照組的1.5倍,但棕繩脫苗嚴(yán)重。藻礁較適合海區(qū)規(guī)�；斗硼B(yǎng)殖,是藻場(chǎng)修復(fù)和重建的理想材料。研究結(jié)果為瓦氏馬尾藻規(guī)�；B(yǎng)殖和藻場(chǎng)構(gòu)建提供技術(shù)支撐和理論依據(jù)。3.枸杞島瓦氏馬尾藻規(guī)模化養(yǎng)殖及生態(tài)修復(fù)作用研究研究了瓦氏馬尾藻海區(qū)規(guī)�；B(yǎng)殖及其對(duì)水環(huán)境因子的影響。結(jié)果表明,瓦氏馬尾藻生長(zhǎng)適宜水深為1.5m~2.5m,最適水深為2m。藻體春秋季節(jié)生長(zhǎng)相對(duì)較快,夏季開(kāi)始衰敗,養(yǎng)殖和野生藻體最高特定生長(zhǎng)率均出現(xiàn)在2014年5月份,分別達(dá)6.8%·d-1、5.9%·d-1,生長(zhǎng)旺盛月份養(yǎng)殖藻體生長(zhǎng)快于野生藻體,并提前成熟。與2013年相比2014年除1、7號(hào)站位外其他站位IN、IP、TN、TP、COD和Ch-a質(zhì)量濃度均顯著降低(P0.05),整體呈兩側(cè)站位高中部站位低的趨勢(shì);DO質(zhì)量濃度和透明度(SD)顯著升高(P0.05),其中COD和Ch-a質(zhì)量濃度分別降低達(dá)18.75%和43.51%,且后者最高值僅為1.55μg·L-1;DO質(zhì)量濃度和透明度(SD)分別升高了4.52%和8.09%,與2011年相比2014年枸杞島后頭灣瓦氏馬尾藻藻場(chǎng)藻體密度和株高均顯著增加,藻場(chǎng)面積已由1500平方米增加到7500平方米�？梢�(jiàn),瓦氏馬尾藻養(yǎng)殖后該海域水質(zhì)明顯改善,瓦氏馬尾藻藻場(chǎng)得到一定恢復(fù)。研究結(jié)果為瓦氏馬尾藻栽培及利用大型海藻進(jìn)行海洋生態(tài)修復(fù)提供了理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Sargassum vachellianum (Sargassum) belongs to the brown algae gate (Phaeophyta). It is a unique species in China. It is a tree like tree and the plant height is up to 160cm. It is an important part of the natural seaweed field in Zhejiang and Guangdong coast of China. One of the sources is that Sargassum Polysaccharide and alginate can be used as pharmaceutical and industrial raw materials. In recent years, due to the deterioration of marine ecological environment and eutrophication in China, the alga field in China's coastal waters is deteriorating. Therefore, it is an urgent task to protect and construct the vwzo Sargassum field and make full use of the wild wagwl Sargassum resources to control the marine ecological environment. In the laboratory level, the effects of temperature, light and salinity on the growth and Photosynthesis of Marco marsara were studied at the laboratory level. Secondly, a large-scale artificial seedling raising and sea area cultivation system was established on this basis. Third, the study on the back bay of wolfberry island was studied. In order to restore the natural algae field of wolfberry marsarum in wolfberry Island, the natural algae field in wolfberry island was restored, and the theoretical basis and technical support were provided for the later use of large seaweed to repair the marine environment and slow down the eutrophication of sea water. The main results are as follows: 1. important environmental factors are the growth of marsarum wal. The effects of temperature, light intensity and salinity on the growth, the content of photosynthetic pigments and the activity of oxygenation were studied. The results showed that the 3 environmental factors had significant effects on the growth, the content of photosynthetic pigments and the activity of photosynthetic oxygen release (P0.05). The suitable growth conditions were as follows: The temperature is 15~20 C, the optimum temperature is 20 C; the light intensity is 20~60 mol. M-2. S-1; the salinity 20~40, the optimum salinity is 30., the specific growth rate is 5.80%. D-1., or the light intensity is more than 200 mu mol. M-2 S-1 or the salinity is less than 10 or more than 50 algae body two weeks. The light intensity of 20~60 Mu mol. M-2. S-1 is more suitable for the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments of Sargassum valsalis at the salinity of 20~40. The temperature is 20, 100, mol. M-2. S-1, and the salinity is 30 when the salinity is 30. The maximum value is 258.50 mu. Mg-1. H-1. and low light intensity. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the conservation of Sargassum VWL resources and the restoration of algae field. Study on the scale breeding and breeding technology of marsarum Valli marsarum.2. in wolfberry island and the technology of sea area cultivation. A total of 9 million 208 thousand fertilized eggs were collected, and the fertilized eggs were collected and sprayed on the cement board, the brown rope and the wood board in 3 kinds of substrates. The experiment on the attachment, germination and growth of the fertilized eggs of Sargassum vagi found that the effect of the brown rope seedling was the best, while the plank was the most serious in the later period of the nursery. 10 days after the spraying of fertilized eggs, the emergence rates of 3 kinds of attachment were 85.5%, 80.2%, 91., respectively. 3%, the seedlings were brown needle like. The average seedling density of three kinds of attachment groups was higher and stable in the first 20 days of 1.3mm.. The seedling density of the plank was the highest, reaching 8.2 /cm2, and the difference was significant (P0.05) with the other groups (P0.05), but the seedling growth was slow, the average specific growth rate was only 5.5%. D-1. thirtieth days, the seedling appeared obvious branch and growth rate increased. At the 1.6 times of the first 20 days, the seedling height of the brown shade was the largest, and the difference was significant with the other two groups (P0.05), but the seedling density of the 3 kinds of attachment groups were obviously reduced, the survival rate of the seedlings was 83.6%, the density of the brown rope and the average plant height of the 79.7% and the sixtieth days were the largest, and the difference was significant (P0.05) with the other groups. After 4 weeks, the average plant height of 98.7mm and 103.1mm was 1.5 times more than that of the control group, but the brown rope was very serious. The algae reef is more suitable for the large-scale aquaculture in the sea area. It is an ideal material for the restoration and reconstruction of the algae field. The result is the scale culture and the algae field of the alga marsara. The construction provided technical support and theoretical basis for the scale culture and ecological restoration of Marco marsara in wolfberry Island,.3.. The scale culture and its effect on water environmental factors were studied. The results showed that the optimum water depth was 1.5m~2.5m and the optimum depth was the relative growth of 2M. algae in the spring and Autumn Period. Fast, summer began to decline, the highest specific growth rate of culture and wild algae appeared in May 2014, up to 6.8%. D-1,5.9%. D-1 respectively. The growth of cultured algae grew faster than the wild algae, and matured in advance. Compared with the other stations in 2014, the mass concentration of IP, TN, TP, COD and Ch-a decreased significantly (P0.0) compared with 2013 (P0.0). 5), the overall position of the two sides was low in the high school station, and the mass concentration and transparency (SD) of DO increased significantly (P0.05), of which the mass concentration of COD and Ch-a decreased by 18.75% and 43.51% respectively, and the latter was only 1.55 mu g. L-1; DO mass concentration and transparency (SD) increased by 4.52% and 8.09%, compared with 2011 in the back bay of wolfberry island. The density and plant height of the algae field increased significantly, the area of the algae field increased from 1500 square meters to 7500 square meters. It is obvious that the water quality of the sea area is obviously improved after mariculture of marsara valson, and the algae field of marsara valsson has been restored. The theoretical basis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S963.21;X171.4
本文編號(hào)：2168222
[Abstract]:Sargassum vachellianum (Sargassum) belongs to the brown algae gate (Phaeophyta). It is a unique species in China. It is a tree like tree and the plant height is up to 160cm. It is an important part of the natural seaweed field in Zhejiang and Guangdong coast of China. One of the sources is that Sargassum Polysaccharide and alginate can be used as pharmaceutical and industrial raw materials. In recent years, due to the deterioration of marine ecological environment and eutrophication in China, the alga field in China's coastal waters is deteriorating. Therefore, it is an urgent task to protect and construct the vwzo Sargassum field and make full use of the wild wagwl Sargassum resources to control the marine ecological environment. In the laboratory level, the effects of temperature, light and salinity on the growth and Photosynthesis of Marco marsara were studied at the laboratory level. Secondly, a large-scale artificial seedling raising and sea area cultivation system was established on this basis. Third, the study on the back bay of wolfberry island was studied. In order to restore the natural algae field of wolfberry marsarum in wolfberry Island, the natural algae field in wolfberry island was restored, and the theoretical basis and technical support were provided for the later use of large seaweed to repair the marine environment and slow down the eutrophication of sea water. The main results are as follows: 1. important environmental factors are the growth of marsarum wal. The effects of temperature, light intensity and salinity on the growth, the content of photosynthetic pigments and the activity of oxygenation were studied. The results showed that the 3 environmental factors had significant effects on the growth, the content of photosynthetic pigments and the activity of photosynthetic oxygen release (P0.05). The suitable growth conditions were as follows: The temperature is 15~20 C, the optimum temperature is 20 C; the light intensity is 20~60 mol. M-2. S-1; the salinity 20~40, the optimum salinity is 30., the specific growth rate is 5.80%. D-1., or the light intensity is more than 200 mu mol. M-2 S-1 or the salinity is less than 10 or more than 50 algae body two weeks. The light intensity of 20~60 Mu mol. M-2. S-1 is more suitable for the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments of Sargassum valsalis at the salinity of 20~40. The temperature is 20, 100, mol. M-2. S-1, and the salinity is 30 when the salinity is 30. The maximum value is 258.50 mu. Mg-1. H-1. and low light intensity. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the conservation of Sargassum VWL resources and the restoration of algae field. Study on the scale breeding and breeding technology of marsarum Valli marsarum.2. in wolfberry island and the technology of sea area cultivation. A total of 9 million 208 thousand fertilized eggs were collected, and the fertilized eggs were collected and sprayed on the cement board, the brown rope and the wood board in 3 kinds of substrates. The experiment on the attachment, germination and growth of the fertilized eggs of Sargassum vagi found that the effect of the brown rope seedling was the best, while the plank was the most serious in the later period of the nursery. 10 days after the spraying of fertilized eggs, the emergence rates of 3 kinds of attachment were 85.5%, 80.2%, 91., respectively. 3%, the seedlings were brown needle like. The average seedling density of three kinds of attachment groups was higher and stable in the first 20 days of 1.3mm.. The seedling density of the plank was the highest, reaching 8.2 /cm2, and the difference was significant (P0.05) with the other groups (P0.05), but the seedling growth was slow, the average specific growth rate was only 5.5%. D-1. thirtieth days, the seedling appeared obvious branch and growth rate increased. At the 1.6 times of the first 20 days, the seedling height of the brown shade was the largest, and the difference was significant with the other two groups (P0.05), but the seedling density of the 3 kinds of attachment groups were obviously reduced, the survival rate of the seedlings was 83.6%, the density of the brown rope and the average plant height of the 79.7% and the sixtieth days were the largest, and the difference was significant (P0.05) with the other groups. After 4 weeks, the average plant height of 98.7mm and 103.1mm was 1.5 times more than that of the control group, but the brown rope was very serious. The algae reef is more suitable for the large-scale aquaculture in the sea area. It is an ideal material for the restoration and reconstruction of the algae field. The result is the scale culture and the algae field of the alga marsara. The construction provided technical support and theoretical basis for the scale culture and ecological restoration of Marco marsara in wolfberry Island,.3.. The scale culture and its effect on water environmental factors were studied. The results showed that the optimum water depth was 1.5m~2.5m and the optimum depth was the relative growth of 2M. algae in the spring and Autumn Period. Fast, summer began to decline, the highest specific growth rate of culture and wild algae appeared in May 2014, up to 6.8%. D-1,5.9%. D-1 respectively. The growth of cultured algae grew faster than the wild algae, and matured in advance. Compared with the other stations in 2014, the mass concentration of IP, TN, TP, COD and Ch-a decreased significantly (P0.0) compared with 2013 (P0.0). 5), the overall position of the two sides was low in the high school station, and the mass concentration and transparency (SD) of DO increased significantly (P0.05), of which the mass concentration of COD and Ch-a decreased by 18.75% and 43.51% respectively, and the latter was only 1.55 mu g. L-1; DO mass concentration and transparency (SD) increased by 4.52% and 8.09%, compared with 2011 in the back bay of wolfberry island. The density and plant height of the algae field increased significantly, the area of the algae field increased from 1500 square meters to 7500 square meters. It is obvious that the water quality of the sea area is obviously improved after mariculture of marsara valson, and the algae field of marsara valsson has been restored. The theoretical basis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S963.21;X171.4
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 鐘兆站;中國(guó)海岸帶自然災(zāi)害與環(huán)境評(píng)估[J];地理科學(xué)進(jìn)展;1997年01期
2 曹淑青;張澤宇;王國(guó)書(shū);由學(xué)策;劉宏宇;;海黍子室內(nèi)人工育苗技術(shù)的研究[J];大連水產(chǎn)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2008年05期
3 王淼;段志霞;;我國(guó)海洋漁業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀及保護(hù)對(duì)策[J];河北漁業(yè);2007年09期
4 鄒吉新,李源強(qiáng),劉雨新,張庭衛(wèi),王義民;鼠尾藻的生物學(xué)特性及筏式養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)研究[J];齊魯漁業(yè);2005年03期
5 盧曉;李美真;徐智廣;王翔宇;;光照對(duì)脆江蘺生長(zhǎng)及光合色素含量的影響[J];漁業(yè)科學(xué)進(jìn)展;2013年01期
6 王永川,黃良民,李少芬;溫度對(duì)幾種海藻的光合作用及其分布的影響[J];熱帶海洋;1983年01期
7 申玉春;陳文霞;朱春華;葉寧;謝恩義;梁飛龍;杜曉東;吳灶和;;流沙灣養(yǎng)殖結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化與生態(tài)環(huán)境生物修復(fù)技術(shù)[J];水產(chǎn)學(xué)報(bào);2010年07期
8 王偉定;浙江省馬尾藻屬和羊棲菜屬的調(diào)查研究[J];上海水產(chǎn)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2003年03期
9 鄒定輝,高坤山;高CO_2濃度對(duì)大型海藻光合作用及有關(guān)過(guò)程的影響[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2002年10期
10 李生堯;葉定書(shū);郭溫林;孫建璋;;羊棲菜栽培敵害生物調(diào)查及其防治[J];現(xiàn)代漁業(yè)信息;2009年09期
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條
1 蔡西栗;龍須菜對(duì)溫度和鹽度逆境脅迫的生理響應(yīng)[D];寧波大學(xué);2012年
2 徐金根;三種馬尾藻繁殖的初步研究[D];上海海洋大學(xué);2013年
，本文編號(hào)：2168222
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/kejilunwen/huanjinggongchenglunwen/2168222.html
最近更新
教材專著
