【摘要】：汞污染問題已成為國際社會各界關(guān)注的熱點,隨著汞公約的履行,我國對汞污染控制與治理力度逐漸加大。貴州省具有600多年汞冶煉歷史,目前涉汞行業(yè)達14個,汞污染源類型繁多、排放量大,是我國最典型的汞污染區(qū)域之一。百花湖位于貴州省中部,距離貴陽市區(qū)16 km,是貴陽市的重要飲用水源地,早期受貴州省有機化工廠含汞廢水污染,湖泊中汞含量超標,尤其是底泥中汞含量達0.26~38.9 mg kg-1,平均為6.5 mg kg-1,明顯超出貴州土壤汞本底值(0.26 mg kg-1)。隨著該廠涉汞工藝的關(guān)停,底泥釋放成為百花湖水體中汞污染的重要來源。因此,本研究采用原位掩蔽治理技術(shù),探討底泥中汞釋放的抑制效果,從而降低百花湖水體汞污染風險,保障貴陽市飲用水安全。具體研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)通過調(diào)查研究,選取百花湖入口處具有代表性的點位,研究百花湖沉積物和孔隙水汞污染程度和空間分布,揭示其對下游入湖口處沉積物及孔隙水汞含量造成的影響。研究結(jié)果表明:百花湖入口處沉積物平均含汞量為6.084 mg kg-1,超過土壤背景值22.2倍,孔隙水溶解態(tài)汞平均含量為23.7 ng L-1。從水平方向上看,相近水文條件下,下游的沉積物明顯比上游的汞污染程度底;不同水文條件下,回流灣處沉積物內(nèi)汞含量較高。從沉積物剖面看,自污染后到2008年沉積物內(nèi)整體汞含量呈下降趨勢,但上游2008年的疏浚清淤后,百花湖入口處沉積物及孔隙水內(nèi)汞含量有一定程度的上升,但幅度較小,基本不會對水質(zhì)和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成太大影響。(2)針對百花湖底泥中汞污染嚴重的實情,研究了原位掩蔽對底泥中汞釋放的抑制效果。選擇沸石、高嶺土和赤鐵礦為掩蔽材料,通過模擬實驗研究,確定了原位掩蔽最佳厚度為2 cm,覆蓋厚度為2 cm時沸石、高嶺土和赤鐵礦對底泥汞釋放控制率分別為47.1%、64.9%和62.3%,確定最佳掩蔽材料為高嶺土,并分析了水體擾動對掩蔽效果的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)掩蔽實施7 d后,擾動對掩蔽效果的影響不明顯。(3)在百花湖重度污染區(qū)域搭建了封閉式中試實驗區(qū),約為22000 m2。確定最佳工程覆蓋材料為高嶺土,覆蓋厚度控制在2~3 cm,采用駁船少量多次撒布材料原位掩蔽汞污染底泥,控制每次的撒布厚度為0.5 cm。長期監(jiān)測結(jié)果表明,高嶺土原位掩蔽對底泥中汞釋放的抑制具有較好的效果,控制率可達47.1%±17.1%;且較薄的掩蔽厚度既可降低成本,又可減少掩蔽對湖底生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響。
[Abstract]:Mercury pollution has become the focus of attention in the international community. With the implementation of the mercury convention, the control and control of mercury pollution in China has gradually increased. Guizhou Province has a history of more than 600 years of mercury smelting. At present, there are 14 mercury-related industries in Guizhou Province. There are many types of mercury pollution sources and large emissions, so it is one of the most typical mercury pollution areas in China. Baihua Lake is located in the central part of Guizhou Province, 16 km from Guiyang City. It is an important drinking water source in Guiyang City. It was polluted by mercury wastewater from organic chemical plants in Guizhou Province in the early stage, and the mercury content in the lake exceeded the standard. In particular, the content of mercury in the sediment was 0.26 ~ 38.9 mg 路kg ~ (-1), with an average of 6.5 mg 路kg ~ (-1), which was significantly higher than the background value of mercury (0.26 mg kg-1) in Guizhou soil. With the closure of mercury process, sediment release has become an important source of mercury pollution in Baihua Lake. Therefore, in order to reduce the risk of mercury pollution in Baihua Lake and ensure the safety of drinking water in Guiyang City, the inhibition effect of mercury release from sediment was discussed by in-situ masking and treatment technology. The specific contents of the study are as follows: (1) through investigation and study, select representative points at the entrance of Baihua Lake, study the mercury pollution degree and spatial distribution of sediment and pore water in Baihua Lake. The effect of mercury content on sediment and pore water in the lower reaches of the lake was revealed. The results showed that the average mercury content at the entrance of Baihua Lake was 6.084 mg 路kg ~ (-1), which exceeded the soil background value by 22.2 times, and the average dissolved mercury content in pore water was 23.7 ng / L ~ (-1). In the horizontal direction, the sediment in the lower reaches is obviously lower than the bottom of the mercury pollution in the upper reaches under the similar hydrological conditions, and the mercury content in the sediments at the return bay is higher under different hydrological conditions. From the sediment profile, the overall mercury content in sediment decreased from the pollution to 2008, but after dredging and silting in the upstream in 2008, the mercury content in sediment and pore water at the entrance of Baihua Lake increased to a certain extent, but the extent was relatively small. (2) aiming at the serious mercury pollution in bottom mud of Baihua Lake, the inhibition effect of in-situ masking on mercury release from sediment was studied. Zeolite, kaolin and hematite were selected as masking materials. The optimum thickness of in-situ masking was 2 cm and the cover thickness was 2 cm. The control rates of mercury release from bottom mud by kaolin and hematite were 47.9% and 62.3%, respectively. The optimum masking material was determined as kaolin, and the influence of water disturbance on the masking effect was analyzed. It was found that the masking was carried out 7 days later. The effect of disturbance on masking effect is not obvious. (3) A closed pilot-scale experimental area is built in the heavily polluted area of Baihua Lake, which is about 22000 m2. It is determined that the best engineering covering material is kaolin, the thickness of covering is controlled at 2 ~ 3 cm, the mercury contaminated sediment is masked in situ by a small amount of barge distributing materials, and the thickness of each dispersal is controlled to be 0.5 cm. The results of long-term monitoring show that kaolin in-situ masking has a good effect on the inhibition of mercury release from sediment, and the control rate is up to 47.1% 鹵17.1.The thinner masking thickness can not only reduce the cost, but also reduce the effect of masking on the lake bottom ecosystem.
【學位授予單位】：浙江農(nóng)林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X524

【相似文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 侯亞敏,馮新斌,仇廣樂,閻海魚;貴州百花湖表層水中不同形態(tài)汞的分布規(guī)律[J];湖泊科學;2004年02期

2 林凱;瞿麗雅;賴莉;陳睿;;汞污染土壤中汞的流失及對百花湖水庫飲用水源的影響[J];環(huán)�？萍�;2008年02期

3 閆海魚;馮新斌;劉霆;商立海;李仲根;李廣輝;;貴州百花湖魚體汞污染現(xiàn)狀[J];生態(tài)學雜志;2008年08期

4 夏品華;李秋華;林陶;胡繼偉;;貴州高原百花湖水庫湖沼學變量特征及環(huán)境效應[J];環(huán)境科學學報;2011年08期

5 夏品華;劉燕;薛飛;龍勝興;楊衛(wèi)城;林陶;;貴州百花湖水庫浮游植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)與季節(jié)變化[J];地球與環(huán)境;2012年02期

6 白占國，吳豐昌，萬曦，鄒申清，萬國江;百花湖季節(jié)性水質(zhì)惡化機理研究[J];重慶環(huán)境科學;1995年03期

7 吳豐昌，白占國，萬國江，萬曦;貴州百花湖沉積物中磷的再遷移作用[J];環(huán)境科學進展;1996年03期

8 岳蘭秀;吳豐昌;陳文龍;;貴州百花湖水中溶解有機質(zhì)的分子量分布隨深度的變化規(guī)律[J];環(huán)境科學與管理;2008年05期

9 沈威;胡繼偉;謝偉芳;張杰;羅晉;;百花湖水體氮的空間分布研究[J];中國巖溶;2012年01期

10 王敬富;陳敬安;曾艷;楊永瓊;;貴州百花湖沉積物磷、氮及有機碳的空間分布特征[J];環(huán)境化學;2012年05期

相關(guān)會議論文 前3條

1 閆海魚;馮新斌;王慶;姚珩;商立海;;貴州百花湖水和魚體中汞的含量與分布[A];中國礦物巖石地球化學學會第12屆學術(shù)年會論文集[C];2009年

2 王敬富;陳敬安;曾艷;楊永瓊;;貴州百花湖沉積物磷、氮及有機碳的空間分布特征[A];第六屆全國環(huán)境化學大會暨環(huán)境科學儀器與分析儀器展覽會摘要集[C];2011年

3 王仕祿;劉叢強;朱兆洲;楊偉;肖化云;陶發(fā)祥;;紅楓湖、百花湖溶解微量氣體的產(chǎn)生、消耗與分布[A];第六屆全國環(huán)境地球化學學術(shù)討論會論文摘要匯編[C];2002年

相關(guān)重要報紙文章 前10條

1 馮勁松　實習生 嚴施 通訊員　王赤兵;百花湖治理示范“百湖之市”[N];長江日報;2007年

2 本報記者 盧颯;山野上吹來了綠色風[N];貴陽日報;2007年

3 申進 本報記者 衣瓊;清除百花湖污染隱患[N];貴陽日報;2007年

4 本報記者 趙頌;百花湖上救援忙[N];貴陽日報;2006年

5 記者 閻志江;貴州環(huán)保法庭打響拆違第一槍[N];法制日報;2012年

6 王太師邋實習生 劉靜;烏當區(qū)八項措施保護百花湖水質(zhì)[N];貴州日報;2007年

7 黃誠克邋張笑;貴陽市制定應對措施確保市民飲水安全[N];貴州日報;2007年

8 本報記者 黃蔚;保護貴陽“水缸” 清鎮(zhèn)調(diào)整城市布局[N];貴州日報;2008年

9 ;貴陽市紅楓湖百花湖游泳垂釣管理規(guī)定[N];貴陽日報;2011年

10 金玉龍邋周冬梅 申時進;建生態(tài)湖城 保綠水青山[N];貴州日報;2008年

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前6條

1 沈佳佳;百花湖含汞底泥的原位掩蔽治理技術(shù)研究及工程效益評估[D];浙江農(nóng)林大學;2015年

2 曲明昕;百花湖水體中持久性有機污染物[D];貴州師范大學;2006年

3 黃先飛;百花湖底質(zhì)污染特征研究[D];貴州師范大學;2008年

4 甄彩麗;百花湖水及沉積物中有機污染物[D];貴州師范大學;2009年

5 連國奇;百花湖富營養(yǎng)化調(diào)查及沉積物磷形態(tài)研究[D];貴州師范大學;2009年

6 張強;貴陽市百花湖水體污染控制工程及研究[D];鄭州大學;2014年

，

本文編號：2167881