【摘要】：印刷電路板是各種電子電器產(chǎn)品必不可少的組成部分,現(xiàn)如今隨著電子電器產(chǎn)品的普及以及更新?lián)Q代,產(chǎn)生了大量的WPCBs,并且這些WPCBs內(nèi)的物質(zhì)幾乎涵蓋了整個(gè)元素周期表的元素,易對(duì)人類健康和生態(tài)環(huán)境造成嚴(yán)重的破壞,被國(guó)家定義為危險(xiǎn)廢棄物。WPCBs的資源化處理也在21世紀(jì)初被國(guó)家環(huán)保局提上議程,隨后又聯(lián)合信息產(chǎn)業(yè)部(現(xiàn)工業(yè)和信息化部)、國(guó)家發(fā)展和改革委員會(huì)、商務(wù)部、海關(guān)總署、工商行政管理總局、國(guó)家質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)檢疫總局等部門(mén)制定一系列法律法規(guī)。在WPCBs資源化過(guò)程中,其拆卸、破碎是必不可少的環(huán)節(jié),但是,目前這兩個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)都沒(méi)有成熟的技術(shù)出現(xiàn),各高校、科研院所從不同方面進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,致力于尋找出一種高效、節(jié)能、無(wú)污染的工業(yè)化處理方法。本文在西南科技大學(xué)固體廢棄物處理與資源化教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室原有研究基礎(chǔ)之上對(duì)WPCBs的資源化回收過(guò)程中的拆卸和破碎兩個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)性的研究。本研究自主設(shè)計(jì)制造WPCBs拆卸裝置及粗碎裝置。第一,針對(duì)WPCBs拆卸條件進(jìn)行探究性討論,包括焊料的融化及冷凝性質(zhì),噴吹壓力對(duì)WPCBs振動(dòng)幅度的影響,通氣壓力以及進(jìn)氣溫度對(duì)設(shè)備內(nèi)部溫升的變化規(guī)律的影響,以及現(xiàn)有設(shè)備的不足及其改進(jìn)方法的探討。第二,針對(duì)WPCBs基板的粗碎問(wèn)題進(jìn)行探討,包括WPCBs基板破碎條件的分析,齒輥結(jié)構(gòu)的選擇,破碎條件的選擇及其對(duì)破碎效率的影響。經(jīng)過(guò)理論分析、數(shù)值模擬以及實(shí)驗(yàn)探究,最終確定:WPCBs上的插槽拆卸率、通孔元器件拆卸率以及大元器件拆卸率三個(gè)對(duì)粗碎工藝中的粗碎效率影響最大,實(shí)現(xiàn)了三者的拆卸率均大于95%,并對(duì)后續(xù)研究所需實(shí)驗(yàn)因素進(jìn)行改進(jìn)討論,確定了實(shí)驗(yàn)因素的優(yōu)先選擇順序;WPCBs基板粗碎在采用差速破碎的工況下實(shí)現(xiàn)了超過(guò)90%的破碎效率,并從設(shè)備運(yùn)行的穩(wěn)定性以及環(huán)境保護(hù)方面探討了所需進(jìn)行的后續(xù)研究以及結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)。經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)WPCBs資源化過(guò)程中前期預(yù)處理階段的探究,為其深入進(jìn)行研究—環(huán)保性、可靠性、實(shí)用性、實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的可行性—奠定了研究基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Printed circuit boards are an essential part of all kinds of electrical and electronic products. Nowadays, with the popularization and renewal of electronic and electrical products, a large number of WPCBs are produced, and the substances in these WPCBs cover almost all the elements of the periodic table. It is easy to cause serious damage to human health and ecological environment. The recycling treatment of WPCBs, defined by the state as hazardous waste, was also put on the agenda of the State Environmental Protection Bureau at the beginning of the 21st century. Subsequently, the Ministry of Information Industry (now the Ministry of Industry and Information), the State Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Commerce, the General Administration of Customs, the General Administration of Industry and Commerce, the State Administration of quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and other departments formulated a series of laws and regulations. In the process of WPCBs resource utilization, its disassembly and breaking is an essential link. However, at present, neither of these two links has mature technology. Universities and scientific research institutes carry out experimental research from different aspects to find out a kind of high efficiency. Energy-saving, non-polluting industrial treatment method. On the basis of the original research in the key laboratory of Ministry of Education of Southwest University of Science and Technology, this paper makes a systematic study on the disassembly and crushing of WPCBs in the process of recycling. In this study, WPCBs disassembly device and coarse crusher were designed and manufactured independently. The first is to discuss the disassembly conditions of WPCBs, including the melting and condensing properties of solder, the effect of injection pressure on the vibration amplitude of WPCBs, and the influence of ventilation pressure and inlet air temperature on the internal temperature rise of the equipment. As well as the deficiency of the existing equipment and the discussion of the improvement method. Secondly, the coarse crushing of WPCBs substrates is discussed, including the analysis of crushing conditions of WPCBs substrates, the selection of tooth roller structure, the selection of crushing conditions and their influence on crushing efficiency. Through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental investigation, it was finally determined that the removal rate of slot, through hole component and large component disassembly rate had the greatest influence on the coarse crushing efficiency in the coarse crushing process. The disassembly rates of all three are all greater than 95%, and the experimental factors need to be improved and discussed in the follow-up research. It is determined that the priority choice of experimental factors is that the crushing efficiency of WPCBs substrates is more than 90% under the condition of differential crushing. The following research and structure improvement are discussed from the aspects of equipment operation stability and environmental protection. Through the exploration of the preprocessing stage in the process of resource utilization of WPCBs, the research foundation is established for its deep research on environmental protection, reliability, practicability and the feasibility of realizing industrial production.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X705

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本文編號(hào)：2167676