【摘要】：底泥再懸浮影響著水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定,而水體流速影響著底泥再懸浮的程度。沉水植物對(duì)底泥具有固著作用,對(duì)底泥的再懸浮具有再沉降的作用。一方面沉水植物的根對(duì)底泥具有固定作用,另一方面沉水植物的莖葉可以降低水體的流速,使得水體的懸浮顆粒物可以再次沉降到底泥中或者附著在沉水植物莖葉的表面。為明確不同流速下沉水植物對(duì)底泥再懸浮的抑制效果,以黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata(Linn.f.)Royle)和狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum L.)、苦草(Vallisneria natans(Lour.)Hara)和菹草(Potamogeton crispus L.)兩組受試植物,分別于夏季和冬季,在室內(nèi)水槽中進(jìn)行模擬試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明:(1)在水體流速分別為0,10,20,40,60,80 cm/s,沉水植物生物量為1 kg/m2時(shí),菹草組和苦草組對(duì)底泥再懸浮都具有抑制效果,對(duì)濁度的抑制率分別為47%~60%,57%~93%;對(duì)總氮的抑制率分別為23%~35.8%,31%~47.1%;對(duì)總磷的抑制率分別為19.3%~30.6%,19.8%~43%。菹草的抑制效果優(yōu)于苦草。對(duì)照組、菹草組以及苦草組對(duì)應(yīng)的將動(dòng)未動(dòng)狀態(tài)的流速為:20 cm/s、20 cm/s、10 cm/s;對(duì)應(yīng)的少量動(dòng)狀態(tài)的流速為:40 cm/s、40 cm/s、20 cm/s;對(duì)應(yīng)的普遍動(dòng)狀態(tài)的流速為:60 cm/s、60 cm/s、40 cm/s,菹草和苦草的種植雖然改變了底泥起動(dòng)狀態(tài)的流速,但對(duì)每種起動(dòng)狀態(tài)下水體濁度影響不大。因此,菹草與苦草的種植可以有效的降低底泥再懸浮對(duì)水體影響,能有效的固著底泥,對(duì)于維持湖泊生態(tài)環(huán)境的穩(wěn)定具有良好的效果。(2)在水體的流速分別為0,10,20,40,60,80 cm/s,沉水植物生物量為2 kg/m2時(shí),黑藻組和狐尾藻組對(duì)底泥再懸浮都具有抑制效果,對(duì)總懸浮固體含量的抑制率分別為68%~85%,33%~50%;對(duì)濁度的抑制率分別為71%~83%,30%~52%;對(duì)總氮的抑制率分別為53%~57%,26%~31%;對(duì)總磷的抑制率分別為39%~51%,16%~36%。黑藻的抑制效果優(yōu)于狐尾藻。對(duì)照組、黑藻組以及狐尾藻組對(duì)應(yīng)的將動(dòng)未動(dòng)狀態(tài)的流速為:40 cm/s、40 cm/s、20 cm/s;對(duì)應(yīng)的少量動(dòng)狀態(tài)的流速為:60 cm/s、60 cm/s、20 cm/s;對(duì)應(yīng)的普遍動(dòng)狀態(tài)的流速為:80 cm/s、80 cm/s、40 cm/s,黑藻和狐尾藻的種植雖然改變了底泥起動(dòng)狀態(tài)的流速,但對(duì)每種起動(dòng)狀態(tài)下總懸浮固體含量以及水體濁度影響不大。因此,黑藻與狐尾藻的種植可以有效的降低底泥再懸浮對(duì)水體影響,能有效的固著底泥,對(duì)于維持湖泊生態(tài)環(huán)境的穩(wěn)定具有良好的效果。
[Abstract]:Sediment resuspension affects the stability of water ecosystem, and the velocity of water affects the degree of sediment resuspension. Submerged plants have the function of fixation on sediment and resettling on resuspension of sediment. On the one hand, the roots of submerged plants have fixed effect on the sediment, on the other hand, the stems and leaves of submerged plants can reduce the velocity of water body, so that the suspended particles of the water body can be settled to the end of the mud or attached to the surface of the stems and leaves of submerged plants. In order to determine the inhibitory effect of submerged plants on sediment resuspension at different velocities, (Hydrilla verticillata (Linn.) Royle) and (Myriophyllum spicatum L.), (Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara) and (Potamogeton crispus L.) were used in this paper. Two groups of plants were simulated in indoor flume in summer and winter. The results showed that: (1) when the water flow velocity was 0 ~ 10 ~ 20 ~ (20) ~ (40) C ~ (60) cm / s and the submerged plant biomass was 1 kg/m2, both Potamogrium crispus and Prunus crispus had an inhibitory effect on sediment resuspension. The inhibition rates on turbidity were 470.60 and 57.933, respectively; the inhibition rates on total nitrogen were 230.35. 835. 835. 835. 831 and 47.1, respectively; and on total phosphorus were 19. 3 and 30. 6 and 19.843, respectively. The inhibitory effect of P. crispus was better than that of A. crispus. Control group, The velocity of flow in the unmoved state of Potamogriogrium crispus and Prunus crispus is: 20 cm / s / s 10 cm / s; the flow rate of a small amount of moving state is 40 cm / s / s; the velocity of general dynamic state is 60: cm / s 60 cm / s 40 cm / s; the planting of crispus and Prunus crispus has changed although the planting of P. crispus has changed the velocity of 40 cm / s; the velocity of general movement is 60: cm / s 60 cm / s 40 cm / s. The velocity of flow in the starting state of the sediment, But it has little effect on turbidity of water under each starting state. Therefore, the planting of Potamogrium crispus and Prunus crispus can effectively reduce the effect of sediment resuspension on the water body, and can effectively fix the sediment. It has a good effect on maintaining the stability of the ecological environment of the lake. (2) when the flow velocity of water is 0 ~ 10 ~ (20) ~ (40) ~ (60) cm / s, and the biomass of submerged plant is 2 kg/m2, both the black algae group and the foxtail algal group can inhibit the resuspension of the sediment. The inhibition rates of total suspended solids content were 680.The inhibition rates of turbidity were 71and 83300.The inhibition rates of total nitrogen were 5355726262.The inhibition rates of total phosphorus were 3951C 16361g and 3951g / kg, respectively.The inhibition rates of total suspended solids were 3951C and 36361.The inhibition rates of total nitrogen and total nitrogen were respectively 3951and 36361.The inhibition rates of total suspended solids were as follows: (1) the inhibition rate of total suspended solids content was 885%. The inhibition rate of total phosphorus was 3 951%. The inhibitory effect of black algae is better than that of foxtail algae. Control group, The flow rate of the black algae group and the foxtail algae group is: 40 cm / s / s, 20 cm / s respectively, respectively; the current velocity of the normal dynamic state is 20 cm / s / s respectively; the current velocity of the normal dynamic state is: 80 cm / s 80 cm / s 40 cm / s / s; the growth of black algae and foxtail algae is changed though Changing the velocity of flow in the starting state of the sediment, But it has little effect on the total suspended solid content and turbidity in each starting state. Therefore, the cultivation of black algae and foxtail algae can effectively reduce the impact of sediment resuspension on the water, can effectively fix the sediment, to maintain the stability of the lake ecological environment has a good effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X173;X52

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