生物膜對(duì)城市污水處理廠營(yíng)養(yǎng)物去除系統(tǒng)硝化的強(qiáng)化效果
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-02 12:02
【摘要】：目前,城市污水處理廠生物脫氮除磷工藝多采用A2/O及其改進(jìn)型活性污泥工藝,此類工藝的弊端在于功能菌對(duì)污泥齡的要求與實(shí)際運(yùn)行的偏離。這種情況在低溫條件下更為嚴(yán)重,由于硝化菌對(duì)溫度更為敏感,生長(zhǎng)速率更低,因此,二者的偏離更大,這是造成我國(guó)北方地區(qū)城市污水處理廠冬季脫氮效果差的主要原因。為了維持低溫下的脫氮(硝化)效果,污水處理廠一般采取降低污泥負(fù)荷、延長(zhǎng)污泥齡和增加污泥回流等措施,但這無(wú)疑會(huì)降低系統(tǒng)的處理能力和除磷效率、增加運(yùn)行費(fèi)用。通過(guò)在活性污泥系統(tǒng)中投加懸浮填料,形成附著態(tài)和懸浮態(tài)微生物共存體系,可在不延長(zhǎng)污泥齡的條件下增加系統(tǒng)中硝化菌濃度,在維持除磷能力和效果的前提下,提高脫氮效果。近年來(lái),這種方法已逐漸被應(yīng)用于國(guó)內(nèi)外城市污水處理廠的升級(jí)改造,并取得了一定的效果。然而有關(guān)生物膜和活性污泥中硝化菌的份額以及對(duì)硝化的貢獻(xiàn)鮮為報(bào)道。本研究針對(duì)西安市第四污水處理廠二期在好氧段投加懸浮填料的A2/O工藝(簡(jiǎn)稱填料-A2/O工藝),分夏季和冬季兩個(gè)階段監(jiān)測(cè)好氧區(qū)不同形態(tài)的氮的沿程變化和生物膜與活性污泥的最大比硝化速率,計(jì)算硝化菌所占份額及投加填料后系統(tǒng)增加的生物量,探討活性污泥與生物膜中硝化菌對(duì)硝化的貢獻(xiàn),最后探討不同SCOD/NH4+-N下生物膜的生長(zhǎng)情況以確定填料的投加位置。論文獲得的主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)夏季平均水溫23.0℃,氨氮在好氧區(qū)第三個(gè)廊道末即減小為3.7mg/L,達(dá)到了一級(jí)A排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn),可見(jiàn)好氧區(qū)夏季約有2/5容積富余�；钚晕勰郃UR和NUR分別為4.43mg NH4+-N/g VSS·h和4.73mg NO2--N/g VSS·h,生物膜AUR和NUR為2.95 mg NH4+-N/g VSS·h和3.77mg NO2--N/g VSS·h,活性污泥中硝化菌的份額約為生物膜的2倍;且活性污泥生物量3859mg/L,生物膜為1530mg/L(填料),折算至整個(gè)好氧區(qū)生物膜生物量為67 mg/L。溫度較高時(shí),活性污泥中硝化菌發(fā)揮主要作用,生物膜對(duì)系統(tǒng)硝化無(wú)強(qiáng)化作用。(2)冬季低溫平均水溫14℃,活性污泥AUR和NUR分別為3.16mg NH4+-N/g VSS·h和3.39mg NO2--N/g VSS·h,生物膜AUR和NUR為3.63mg NH4+-N/g VSS·h和4.17mg NO2--N/g VSS·h,生物膜上硝化菌所占的份額稍高于活性污泥。冬季生物膜生物量為3690mg/L(填料),活性污泥的生物量為3187mg/L,生物膜膜厚平均為130μm。折算至整個(gè)好氧區(qū)生物膜生物量為162 mg/L。當(dāng)投加的填料占硝化總?cè)莘e的4.4%時(shí),生物膜對(duì)系統(tǒng)硝化的貢獻(xiàn)約占5.5%,而活性污泥為94.5%。生物膜對(duì)系統(tǒng)硝化有一定的強(qiáng)化作用,但與國(guó)外同類工程相比生物膜貢獻(xiàn)量相對(duì)較小,原因?yàn)橄到y(tǒng)的負(fù)荷較小,填料區(qū)氨氮濃度較低,隨著污水處理廠負(fù)荷的提高,生物膜的貢獻(xiàn)將逐漸提高。(3)A2/O好氧區(qū)沿程SCOD/NH4+-N值分別為4.8、3.9、3.0、3.0,在好氧區(qū)第三個(gè)廊道SCOD/NH4+-N為3.0,生物膜AUR為3.87mg NH4+-N/g VSS·h,NUR為4.88mg NO2--N/g VSS·h,生物量為2854mg/L(填料),此時(shí)生物膜對(duì)系統(tǒng)硝化的貢獻(xiàn)最大,故可考慮將填料區(qū)設(shè)置在A2/O好氧區(qū)第三個(gè)廊道。
[Abstract]:At present, most of the biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal processes in the municipal wastewater treatment plant use A2/O and its modified activated sludge process. The malpractice of this process lies in the deviation between the requirements of functional bacteria and the actual operation of the sludge. This situation is more serious under low temperature conditions, because the nitrifying bacteria are more sensitive to the temperature and lower the growth rate, therefore, the two ones are biased. In order to maintain the effect of nitrogen removal (nitrification) at low temperature, the sewage treatment plant generally adopts measures to reduce the sludge load, prolong the sludge age and increase the reflux of the sludge, but this will undoubtedly reduce the treatment capacity and the efficiency of phosphorus removal and increase the efficiency of phosphorus removal. Operation cost. By adding suspended packing in the activated sludge system to form a coexistence system of attached and suspended microorganisms, the nitrifying bacteria concentration in the system can be increased without prolonging the age of sludge, and the effect of phosphorus removal is improved. In recent years, this method has been gradually applied to the cities and cities at home and abroad. The upgrading and transformation of the sewage treatment plant has achieved some effect. However, the share of nitrifying bacteria in the biofilm and activated sludge and the contribution of nitrification are rarely reported. This study is aimed at the A2/O process of adding suspended filler in the aerobic stage of the fourth sewage treatment plant of Xi'an (simply named packing -A2/O process), which is divided into two in summer and in winter. The phase change of different forms of nitrogen in aerobic zone and the maximum specific nitrification rate of biofilm and activated sludge are monitored. The share of nitrifying bacteria and the increase of biomass after adding packing are calculated. The contribution of nitrifying bacteria in activated sludge and biofilm to nitrification is discussed. Finally, the growth of biofilm under different SCOD/NH4+-N is determined. The main results obtained in this paper are as follows: (1) the average water temperature in summer is 23 degrees centigrade, and ammonia nitrogen is reduced to 3.7mg/L at the end of third corridors at the aerobic zone, and the first order A emission standard is reached. It can be seen that the aerobic zone is about 2/5 volume in summer. The active sludge AUR and NUR are 4.43mg NH4+-N/g VSS. H and 4.73mg NO2--N/g VSS. The biofilm AUR and NUR are 2.95 mg NH4+-N/g VSS / h and 3.77mg NO2--N/g VSS H. The proportion of nitrifying bacteria in activated sludge is about 2 times that of biofilm, and the biomass of activated sludge is 3859mg/L, the biofilm is 1530mg/L (packing), and the nitrifying bacteria in the activated sludge play the main role when the biomass of the biofilm is 67 The biological membrane has no strengthening effect on nitrification. (2) the average water temperature of the low temperature in winter is 14 degrees C, the activated sludge AUR and NUR are 3.16mg NH4+-N/g VSS / h and 3.39mg NO2--N/g VSS h respectively, the biofilm AUR and NUR are slightly higher than the activated sludge. The biomass is 3690mg/L (packing), the biomass of activated sludge is 3187mg/L, the membrane thickness of biofilm is 130 u M. to 162 mg/L. in the whole aerobic zone, and the contribution of biofilm to system nitrification is about 5.5% when the added filler is 4.4% of the total nitrification volume, while the activated sludge is 94.5%. biofilm for system nitrification. The contribution of the biofilm is relatively small compared with the foreign similar projects. The reason is that the load of the system is small and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the packing area is low. With the increase of the load of the sewage treatment plant, the contribution of the biofilm will gradually increase. (3) the SCOD/NH4+-N value of the A2/O aerobic zone is 4.8,3.9,3.0,3.0, and the third corridor SCOD in the aerobic zone. The /NH4+-N is 3, the biofilm AUR is 3.87mg NH4+-N/g VSS. H, NUR is 4.88mg NO2--N/g VSS. H, and the biomass is 2854mg/L (packing). At this time, the biofilm contributes most to the nitrification of the system. Therefore, the packing area can be set in the third corridors of the aerobic zone.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X703
本文編號(hào)：2159369
[Abstract]:At present, most of the biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal processes in the municipal wastewater treatment plant use A2/O and its modified activated sludge process. The malpractice of this process lies in the deviation between the requirements of functional bacteria and the actual operation of the sludge. This situation is more serious under low temperature conditions, because the nitrifying bacteria are more sensitive to the temperature and lower the growth rate, therefore, the two ones are biased. In order to maintain the effect of nitrogen removal (nitrification) at low temperature, the sewage treatment plant generally adopts measures to reduce the sludge load, prolong the sludge age and increase the reflux of the sludge, but this will undoubtedly reduce the treatment capacity and the efficiency of phosphorus removal and increase the efficiency of phosphorus removal. Operation cost. By adding suspended packing in the activated sludge system to form a coexistence system of attached and suspended microorganisms, the nitrifying bacteria concentration in the system can be increased without prolonging the age of sludge, and the effect of phosphorus removal is improved. In recent years, this method has been gradually applied to the cities and cities at home and abroad. The upgrading and transformation of the sewage treatment plant has achieved some effect. However, the share of nitrifying bacteria in the biofilm and activated sludge and the contribution of nitrification are rarely reported. This study is aimed at the A2/O process of adding suspended filler in the aerobic stage of the fourth sewage treatment plant of Xi'an (simply named packing -A2/O process), which is divided into two in summer and in winter. The phase change of different forms of nitrogen in aerobic zone and the maximum specific nitrification rate of biofilm and activated sludge are monitored. The share of nitrifying bacteria and the increase of biomass after adding packing are calculated. The contribution of nitrifying bacteria in activated sludge and biofilm to nitrification is discussed. Finally, the growth of biofilm under different SCOD/NH4+-N is determined. The main results obtained in this paper are as follows: (1) the average water temperature in summer is 23 degrees centigrade, and ammonia nitrogen is reduced to 3.7mg/L at the end of third corridors at the aerobic zone, and the first order A emission standard is reached. It can be seen that the aerobic zone is about 2/5 volume in summer. The active sludge AUR and NUR are 4.43mg NH4+-N/g VSS. H and 4.73mg NO2--N/g VSS. The biofilm AUR and NUR are 2.95 mg NH4+-N/g VSS / h and 3.77mg NO2--N/g VSS H. The proportion of nitrifying bacteria in activated sludge is about 2 times that of biofilm, and the biomass of activated sludge is 3859mg/L, the biofilm is 1530mg/L (packing), and the nitrifying bacteria in the activated sludge play the main role when the biomass of the biofilm is 67 The biological membrane has no strengthening effect on nitrification. (2) the average water temperature of the low temperature in winter is 14 degrees C, the activated sludge AUR and NUR are 3.16mg NH4+-N/g VSS / h and 3.39mg NO2--N/g VSS h respectively, the biofilm AUR and NUR are slightly higher than the activated sludge. The biomass is 3690mg/L (packing), the biomass of activated sludge is 3187mg/L, the membrane thickness of biofilm is 130 u M. to 162 mg/L. in the whole aerobic zone, and the contribution of biofilm to system nitrification is about 5.5% when the added filler is 4.4% of the total nitrification volume, while the activated sludge is 94.5%. biofilm for system nitrification. The contribution of the biofilm is relatively small compared with the foreign similar projects. The reason is that the load of the system is small and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the packing area is low. With the increase of the load of the sewage treatment plant, the contribution of the biofilm will gradually increase. (3) the SCOD/NH4+-N value of the A2/O aerobic zone is 4.8,3.9,3.0,3.0, and the third corridor SCOD in the aerobic zone. The /NH4+-N is 3, the biofilm AUR is 3.87mg NH4+-N/g VSS. H, NUR is 4.88mg NO2--N/g VSS. H, and the biomass is 2854mg/L (packing). At this time, the biofilm contributes most to the nitrification of the system. Therefore, the packing area can be set in the third corridors of the aerobic zone.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X703
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