【摘要】：我國農(nóng)村生活污水處理技術(shù)發(fā)展起步較晚,污水處理設(shè)施的技術(shù)和管理水平還比較落后,缺乏專業(yè)人員進(jìn)行管理及維護(hù),建成的設(shè)施難以正常發(fā)揮其功效。本文以實現(xiàn)農(nóng)村污水處理設(shè)施的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化建設(shè)為目標(biāo),在已有研究和應(yīng)用成果的基礎(chǔ)上,通過工藝參數(shù)優(yōu)化開發(fā)適用于農(nóng)村生活污水處理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化脈沖生物濾池設(shè)備,并編制設(shè)備的制造標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、運行維護(hù)規(guī)程。本文選用聚丙烯板材構(gòu)建3座拼裝式脈沖生物濾池,分別選取生物陶粒和建筑陶粒作為濾料,采用實際生活污水,考察濾料粒徑、濾料種類、布水時間、布水周期、水力負(fù)荷以及回流比等參數(shù)對生活污水處理效果的影響,優(yōu)化工藝參數(shù),確定脈沖生物濾池適宜的結(jié)構(gòu)和操作參數(shù)。主要結(jié)論如下：布水時間、布水周期和水力負(fù)荷對濾池運行效果有影響。當(dāng)布水時間和布水周期縮短時,COD、氨氮和TN的去除率逐漸下降。布水時間為3.5-4.5min、布水周期為20-25min時,污染物去除效果較好；隨水力負(fù)荷的增加,COD、氨氮的去除率逐漸上升,但增加到一定值時,出現(xiàn)下降趨勢,當(dāng)水力負(fù)荷為6-7.2 m3/(m2.d)時,取得較好的污染物去除效果。濾池有較好的硝化能力和充氧性能,氨氮在濾池中沿程逐漸去除。正交試驗結(jié)果表明,濾池運行條件最優(yōu)組合為：水力負(fù)荷選取6.6m3/(m2·d),布水周期20min,選取布水時間選取4min,回流比選取l：2～2.5。當(dāng)脈沖生物濾池布水時間設(shè)定為3.5-4min,布水周期為20min,布水負(fù)荷控制在6-7.2m3/(m2.d1,回流比為1：2～2.5,系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定運行后,裝填粒徑為(?)4-6mm的生物陶粒濾料的濾池出水COD、TN、NH+4-N和TP的平均濃度為31.00±4.37、8.76±1.27、0.52±0.23、1.40±0.19mg/L,平均去除率分別達(dá)到85.86±1.72%、58.71±3.88%、96.90±1.29%、48.03±6.52%：裝填粒徑(?)4-6mm建筑陶粒濾料的濾池出水COD、TN、NH4+-N和TP的平均濃度為35.58±5.90、11.34±0.62、0.48±0.11、1.91±0.24 mg/L,平均去除率分別達(dá)到85.37±1.32%、57.34±2.02%、97.83±0.55%、24.55±13.21%；裝填粒徑(?)5-12mm建筑陶粒濾料的濾池出水COD、TN、NH4+-N和TP的平均濃度為45.51±4.05、9.77±0.69、0.69±0.20、2.2510.08 mg/L,平均去除率分別達(dá)到79.18±1.96%、53.80±1.6l%、96.04±0.82%、20.93±14.40%。建筑濾料粒徑為(?)4-6mm時運行效果好于粒徑為(?)5-12mm時的運行效果。陶粒濾料和建筑濾料粒徑同為(?)4-6mm時,組合工藝運行處理效果相近�；趦�(yōu)化運行的結(jié)果,提出拼裝式脈沖生物濾池結(jié)構(gòu),將脈沖生物濾池劃分設(shè)備殼體、承托層、生物填料、布水系統(tǒng)、進(jìn)、排氣系統(tǒng)、回流系統(tǒng)、控制系統(tǒng)、進(jìn)出水管路等單元：設(shè)計標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化脈沖生物濾池,提出制造標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和模塊單元現(xiàn)場快速拼裝程序,編制設(shè)備維護(hù)規(guī)程,實現(xiàn)脈沖生物濾池的設(shè)備化。脈沖生物濾池可有效用于農(nóng)村污水的處理,采用規(guī)格化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的脈沖生物濾池裝置,進(jìn)行規(guī)范的運行維護(hù),對于農(nóng)村生活污染控制與水環(huán)境質(zhì)量改善具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:The development of rural domestic sewage treatment technology in China started late, the technical and management level of sewage treatment facilities is still relatively backward, the lack of professional personnel to manage and maintain, the built facilities are difficult to give full play to its function. In order to realize the standardization construction of rural sewage treatment facilities, based on the existing research and application results, the standardized pulsed biofilter equipment suitable for rural domestic sewage treatment is developed by optimizing the process parameters in this paper. And the preparation of equipment manufacturing standards, operation and maintenance procedures. In this paper, three assembled pulsed biofilters were constructed with polypropylene sheet, bioceramic and architectural ceramsite were selected as filter media, and actual domestic sewage was used to investigate the size of filter material, the type of filter material, the time of water distribution and the period of water distribution. The influence of hydraulic load and reflux ratio on the treatment effect of domestic sewage was studied. The optimum structure and operation parameters of pulsed biofilter were determined by optimizing the process parameters. The main conclusions are as follows: water distribution time, water distribution period and hydraulic load have influence on filter operation. The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and TN decreased gradually when the time and cycle of water distribution were shortened. The removal efficiency of pollutants was better when the time of water distribution was 3.5-4.5min, and the removal rate of ammonia-nitrogen gradually increased with the increase of hydraulic load, but decreased when the hydraulic load was 6-7.2m3 / (m2.d), when the time of water distribution was 3.5-4.5min, the removal rate of ammonia and nitrogen increased gradually when the hydraulic load was 6-7.2m3 / (m2.d). Better removal effect of pollutants was obtained. The nitrification and oxygenation of the filter were better, and ammonia nitrogen was gradually removed in the filter. The results of orthogonal test show that the optimal operation conditions of the filter are as follows: 6.6m3/ (m ~ 2 d),) is selected as the hydraulic load, the water distribution time is 4 min, and the reflux ratio is 1: 2 ~ 2 ~ (2.5). When the water distribution time of the pulsed biofilter is set to 3.5-4 min, the water distribution period is 20 min, the water distribution load is controlled at 6-7.2m3/ (m2.d1, the reflux ratio is 1: 2N 2.5), and the system runs stably. 瑁呭～綺掑緞涓，

本文編號：2150866