【摘要】：工程減排、結(jié)構(gòu)減排和監(jiān)督管理減排是實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)污染物減排的三個(gè)主要措施,近年來(lái)我國(guó)SO2的排放呈現(xiàn)出下降的態(tài)勢(shì),本文選取電力、鋼鐵和水泥這3個(gè)重要行業(yè),測(cè)算了在"十一五"以來(lái)SO2的減排效果,以及由其帶來(lái)CO2減排的協(xié)同效果。結(jié)果顯示,"十一五"期間,3個(gè)主要行業(yè)減少污染物排放超過(guò)1 000萬(wàn)t,其中工程減少污染物排放超過(guò)700萬(wàn)t,結(jié)構(gòu)減少污染物排放300萬(wàn)t。由此帶來(lái)的協(xié)同效果顯示,由于結(jié)構(gòu)減排帶來(lái)了超過(guò)7億t CO2的減排,而由于工程效應(yīng)減少污染物的同時(shí)帶來(lái)的CO2增加500萬(wàn)t,因此總計(jì)帶來(lái)7-8億t CO2的減排。而"十二五"前兩年減少污染物排放400萬(wàn)t,其中工程減少污染物排放350萬(wàn)t,結(jié)構(gòu)污染物排放減少了40萬(wàn)t。由此帶來(lái)的協(xié)同效果顯示,由于結(jié)構(gòu)減排減少了CO2排放1.74億t,而由于工程效應(yīng)減少污染物的同時(shí)帶來(lái)的CO2的增加量為200萬(wàn)t,因此總計(jì)帶來(lái)1.72億t CO2的減排。結(jié)構(gòu)減排和工程減排兩種措施可以在行業(yè)內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)降低污染物的排放,但是其貢獻(xiàn)程度由于行業(yè)的差異有所不同。"十一五"期間電力行業(yè)較多是依靠工程減排實(shí)現(xiàn)SO2排放的降低,而水泥和鋼鐵行業(yè)則更多是依靠行政命令如關(guān)停落后產(chǎn)能和機(jī)組實(shí)現(xiàn)污染物的減排,顯示出電力行業(yè)通過(guò)技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)污染物的減排,而其他兩個(gè)行業(yè)則主要靠調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)減排。電力行業(yè)中的末端治理技術(shù)即工程減排貢獻(xiàn)了大部分的污染物減排,但是與此同時(shí)由于末端治理技術(shù)會(huì)導(dǎo)致能源消耗的增加,即引起CO2排放的增加,因此污染物的協(xié)同控制效果較差,而鋼鐵和水泥行業(yè)的污染物減排則由于更多是通過(guò)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的手段,如關(guān)停落后產(chǎn)能和機(jī)組,因此其協(xié)同效果較為顯著。"十三五"期間,需要繼續(xù)控制雙高產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,強(qiáng)化"前端"污染物控制減排,夯實(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)減排的協(xié)同成效,加大工程減排的實(shí)施,縮小減排工程能力和實(shí)際減排效果的差距,實(shí)現(xiàn)"末端"污染物減排,加強(qiáng)"前端"審批和"中段"運(yùn)行管理效果。
[Abstract]:Engineering emission reduction, structural emission reduction and supervision and management emission reduction are the three main measures to achieve emission reduction of pollutants in China. In recent years, the emission of SO2 in China has shown a declining trend. This paper selects three important industries of electricity, iron and steel and cement. The effect of SO2 emission reduction and its synergistic effect on CO2 emission reduction since the eleventh five-year plan were calculated. The results showed that during the 11th Five-Year Plan period, the emission of pollutants in the three major industries was reduced by more than 10 million tons, in which the emission of pollutants was reduced by more than 7 million t in engineering and 3 million t in structure. The synergistic effect shows that structural emission reduction results in more than 700m t CO2 emission reduction, while engineering effect reduces pollutants and increases CO2 by 5 million tons, resulting in a total of 780m t CO2 emission reduction. In the first two years of the "12th Five-Year Plan", the emission of pollutants was reduced by 4 million tons, of which the project reduced the emission of pollutants by 3.5 million tons, and the emission of structural pollutants decreased by 400000 tons. The synergistic effect shows that the structural emission reduction reduces CO2 emission by 174 million t, while the increase of CO2 due to engineering effect is 2 million t, so it brings 172 million t CO2 emission reduction. Structural emission reduction and engineering emission reduction can reduce pollutant emissions within the industry, but their contribution varies from industry to industry. " During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, the power industry mostly relies on engineering emission reduction to achieve the reduction of SO2 emissions, while the cement and steel industries rely more on executive orders such as shutting down backward production capacity and generating units to achieve pollutant emission reduction. It shows that the power industry uses technology to reduce emissions of pollutants, while the other two industries mainly rely on restructuring to achieve emissions reduction. The end treatment technology in power industry, that is, engineering emission reduction, contributes to the emission reduction of most pollutants, but at the same time, the end treatment technology will lead to the increase of energy consumption, that is, the increase of CO2 emissions. As a result, the synergistic control effect of pollutants is poor, while the emission reduction of pollutants in steel and cement industry is more remarkable because of the structural adjustment, such as shutting down backward production capacity and generating units. " During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, it is necessary to continue to control the development of double-high industries, strengthen the "front-end" pollutant control and emission reduction, consolidate the coordinated effect of structural emission reduction, increase the implementation of emission reduction in projects, and narrow the gap between the capacity of the project and the actual emission reduction effect. To achieve "end" pollutant emission reduction, to strengthen the "front end" approval and "middle section" operation management.
【作者單位】： 清華大學(xué)能源環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)研究所;環(huán)境保護(hù)部環(huán)境與經(jīng)濟(jì)政策研究中心;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目“節(jié)能政策的節(jié)水協(xié)同效益評(píng)價(jià)方法研究”(編號(hào):71203120) 國(guó)家科技部“十二五”科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目“國(guó)際應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化中行業(yè)減排與市場(chǎng)機(jī)制中關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題的支撐技術(shù)研究”(編號(hào):2012BAC20B03)
【分類號(hào)】：X321
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本文編號(hào)：2144571