【摘要】：增加糧食產(chǎn)量、提高磷肥使用效率以及減少環(huán)境面源污染一直是中國各界關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。本文基于物質(zhì)流分析的方法,通過構(gòu)建動態(tài)模型,科學(xué)評估了1961-2011年中國農(nóng)田系統(tǒng)磷收支;探討了中國農(nóng)田磷投入與農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量、磷使用效率之間的關(guān)系;對比分析了不同時(shí)期不同農(nóng)作物農(nóng)田磷收支變化情況。研究表明,1961-2011年,中國農(nóng)田磷投入量增加了7.93倍,磷輸出量增加了2.89倍,磷循環(huán)利用量增加了2.65倍;磷投入的構(gòu)成由以人畜糞便為主(76.45%),轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粤追蕿橹?70.54%);中國農(nóng)田系統(tǒng)磷使用效率呈下降趨勢,由20世紀(jì)60年代的0.6左右下降到現(xiàn)在的0.3左右;農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量呈正相關(guān),而磷使用效率與農(nóng)田磷投入呈負(fù)相關(guān)。總的來看,中國農(nóng)田系統(tǒng)磷收支經(jīng)歷先損失后積累的過程,1971年為轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn),到2011年時(shí),中國農(nóng)田土壤累積磷積累量達(dá)到71.18 Mt P。本文的研究為合理確定農(nóng)田磷投入量,提高農(nóng)田磷使用效率,減緩農(nóng)田土壤磷積累,減輕農(nóng)村面源污染等問題提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Increasing grain yield, improving phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency and reducing environmental non-point source pollution have been the focus of attention in China. Based on the method of material flow analysis, this paper scientifically evaluated the phosphorus budget of farmland system in China from 1961 to 2011 by constructing a dynamic model, and discussed the relationship between the input of farmland phosphorus and crop yield, phosphorus use efficiency. The changes of phosphorus budget of different crops in different periods were compared and analyzed. The results showed that from 1961 to 2011, the input of phosphorus increased by 7.93 times, the output of phosphorus increased by 2.89 times, and the amount of phosphorus recycling increased by 2.65 times. The composition of phosphorus input changed from human and animal dung (76.45%) to phosphorus fertilizer (70.54%), the phosphorus use efficiency of farmland system in China decreased from 0.6 in 1960s to about 0.3 now, and the crop yield was positively correlated. However, phosphorus use efficiency was negatively correlated with farmland phosphorus input. In general, the phosphorus budget of Chinese farmland system experienced the process of first loss and then accumulation, 1971 was the turning point, and by 2011, the accumulation of phosphorus in Chinese farmland soil reached 71.18 Mt. The research in this paper provides a scientific basis for determining the amount of phosphorus input in farmland, improving the efficiency of phosphorus use in farmland, slowing down the accumulation of phosphorus in farmland soil, and reducing non-point source pollution in rural areas.
【作者單位】： 中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)資源與環(huán)境學(xué)院;中國土地政策與法律研究中心;南方科技大學(xué)環(huán)境學(xué)院;中國科學(xué)院地理科學(xué)與資源研究所;
【基金】：北京市自然科學(xué)基金(8151002) 國家自然科學(xué)基金(41571022,91325302,91425303)
【分類號】：S143.2;X71
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本文編號：2140657