本文選題：石油污染 + 土壤修復(fù)　； 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來隨著陜北地區(qū)石油資源的大規(guī)模開采與開發(fā),對當(dāng)?shù)刂車寥拉h(huán)境造成嚴(yán)重的污染與生態(tài)破壞,所以亟需對污染土壤進(jìn)行修復(fù)和改良,降低土壤中的有害石油烴類物質(zhì),改善土壤的理化生物性質(zhì),恢復(fù)土壤結(jié)構(gòu)與功能,使污染土壤得到凈化和修復(fù)。植物枯落葉作為天然有機(jī)質(zhì)在分解后對提高土壤肥力、促進(jìn)養(yǎng)分的歸還和釋放以及加強(qiáng)土壤微生物活動、改變土壤酶活性等方面有重要作用。所以利用樹草種枯落葉對油污土壤進(jìn)行修復(fù),一方面充分利用廢棄的植物枯落葉資源,將其資源化利用;另一方面植物枯落葉分解后可向土壤釋放溶解性物質(zhì),調(diào)節(jié)石油污染土壤C/N比,為石油烴降解菌提供代謝底物,促進(jìn)石油污染物的降解,以修復(fù)和和改良石油污染土壤。為此,本文研究內(nèi)容是將陜北石油區(qū)常見的荒山造林樹草種枯落葉21種、城市綠化樹木枯落葉19種施入到石油污染土壤中,進(jìn)行為期120 d的室內(nèi)混合分解培養(yǎng),檢測石油污染土壤殘留石油烴含量、不同枯落葉種類對油污土壤化學(xué)性質(zhì)以及生物學(xué)性質(zhì)的改良,綜合分析評價不同植物枯落葉對石油污染土壤的修復(fù)能力,篩選出具有較好修復(fù)能力的植物枯落葉,用于指導(dǎo)油污土壤的植物修復(fù),使植物枯落葉廢棄物這一資源最大化利用,體現(xiàn)其生態(tài)修復(fù)價值。主要結(jié)論如下:(1)在21種常見荒山造林植物中側(cè)柏(Platycladus orientalis)、白三葉(Trifolium repens)對油污土壤修復(fù)效果最佳,檸條(Caragana korshinskii)、紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、小冠花(Coronilla varia)、艾蒿(Artemisia argyi)、小葉楊(Populus simonii)修復(fù)效果其次,酸棗(Ziziphus jujuba)、杠柳(Periploca sepium)、山棗(Ziziphus montana)對油污土壤修復(fù)效果不明顯,白榆(Ulmus pumila)、山杏(Armeniaca sibirica)、白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum)枯落葉對油污土壤修復(fù)具有微弱抑制作用,其他種類枯落葉則對油污土壤的修復(fù)效果不佳,甚至起到惡化作用。具體而言,側(cè)柏、小葉楊、檸條和杠柳4種枯落葉均可顯著增加土壤微生物的數(shù)量,對油污土壤細(xì)菌、真菌、放線菌繁殖有著積極促進(jìn)作用。所有枯落葉的處理均顯著提高了土壤有效Zn含量、土壤脲酶和蛋白酶活性,除白三葉和遼東櫟(Quercus liaotungensis)外其他枯落葉的處理均顯著增加了速效Fe、Mn的含量;除油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)和遼東櫟外,其他植物枯落葉均可以顯著增加土壤堿解N、速效K的含量;落葉松(Larix gmelinii)、花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanum)、紫花苜蓿、小冠花、白三葉和白羊草顯著增加了土壤有效P的含量,白三葉的提高效果最顯著;而遼東櫟對土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量提高最顯著。絕大多數(shù)枯落葉促進(jìn)了堿性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、脫氫酶活性,但卻對過氧化氫酶與多酚氧化酶活性起到抑制作用,其中紫花苜蓿對增加土壤蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶活性效果最顯著,檸條對堿性磷酸酶活性提高最顯著,酸棗對過氧化氫酶活性提高最顯著。(2)19種城市綠化樹木枯落葉中,對油污土壤性質(zhì)綜合修復(fù)效應(yīng)最好的是苦楝(Melia azedarach)和桃樹(Prunus persica)枯落葉,較好的依次為桑樹(Morus alba)、國槐(Sophora japonica)、垂柳(Salix babylonica)、五角楓(Acer mono)和紫葉李(Prunus cerasifera)枯落葉,其他樹木枯落葉效果不明顯或者甚至起到惡化作用。具體而言,不同的城市綠化樹木枯落葉初始養(yǎng)分含量具有差異,桃樹、五角楓、文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolia)枯落葉具有較高的N、P、K含量,銀杏(Ginkgo biloba)、法桐(Platanus hispanica)、梧桐(Firmiana simplex)枯落葉N、P、K含量較低。所有枯落葉均顯著提高了油污土壤速效K和有機(jī)質(zhì)、有效Zn含量以及脲酶和脫氫酶活性�？嚅�、桑樹、紫葉李明顯促進(jìn)了土壤放線菌的生長,提高了土壤堿解N含量以及堿性磷酸酶、過氧化氫酶和蔗糖酶的活性。桃樹、垂柳、五角楓枯落葉促進(jìn)了土壤細(xì)菌的生長,提高了堿解N、速效P、有效Fe、有效Mn含量以及蛋白酶活性,而欒樹(Koelreteria interifolia)枯落葉顯著提高了多酚氧化酶活性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the large-scale exploitation and exploitation of oil resources in Northern Shaanxi, serious pollution and ecological destruction are caused to the surrounding soil environment, so it is urgent to repair and improve the contaminated soil, reduce the harmful petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, restore the soil structure and function, and make the contaminated soil As natural organic matter is decomposed, plant litter has an important role in improving soil fertility, promoting nutrient return and release, strengthening soil microbial activity and changing soil enzyme activity. On the other hand, the dry and deciduous resources can be used for resource utilization, on the other hand, the dissolved substances can be released to the soil after the decomposition of the leaves of plants, and the C/N ratio of the oil contaminated soil can be adjusted to provide the metabolic substrates for the petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria, to promote the degradation of petroleum pollutants and to repair and improve the oil contaminated soil. 21 kinds of wilt leaves of barren mountain afforestation were found, and 19 kinds of dry leaves of urban greening trees were applied into the oil contaminated soil, and 120 d of indoor mixed decomposition and culture were carried out to detect the residual oil content in the oil contaminated soil. Different types of litter were used to improve the chemical properties and biological properties of the oil contaminated soil, and the comprehensive analysis and evaluation were different. The plant withered leaves have the ability to repair the oil contaminated soil, screening the plant withered leaves with good restoration ability, which is used to guide the phytoremediation of oil contaminated soil, and maximizes the resource utilization of plant litter waste. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Platycla in 21 species of common barren mountain afforestation plants (Platycladus orientalis) DUS orientalis), white clover (Trifolium repens) has the best repair effect on oil contaminated soil, Caragana (Caragana korshinskii), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), small crown flower (Coronilla varia), Artemisia Artemisia (Artemisia argyi), and young leaf poplar, sour jujube, mountain jujube Ntana) the effect on the remediation of oil contaminated soil was not obvious. The white elm (Ulmus pumila), apricot (Armeniaca sibirica) and the dry deciduous leaf of Bothriochloa Ischaemum had a weak inhibition on the remediation of oil contaminated soil, and the other kinds of dry leaves had a bad effect on the remediation of oil contaminated soil. 4 kinds of litter can significantly increase the number of soil microbes and promote the reproduction of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the oil contaminated soil. All the treatment of litter leaves significantly improved the soil effective Zn content, soil urease and protease activity, except the white clover and the Liaodong oak (Quercus liaotungensis) other leaves. Treatment significantly increased the content of quick acting Fe, Mn, except for Pinus tabulaeformis (Pinus tabulaeformis) and Liaodong oak, all the other plants could significantly increase the soil alkali hydrolysable N and the content of the available K; the Larix Larix (Larix gmelinii), the Zanthoxylum (Zanthoxylum bungeanum), alfalfa, the white clover, the white clover and the white weeds significantly increased the effective P content of the soil. The content of white clover was the most significant, and the content of soil organic matter increased most significantly in Liaodong oak. Most deciduous leaves promoted the activity of alkaline phosphatase, invertase and dehydrogenase, but inhibited the activity of catalase and polyphenol oxidase, in which alfalfa increased the activity of soil invertase and polyphenol oxidase. Most significant, Caragana to alkaline phosphatase activity increased most significantly, jujube to the activity of catalase increased the most significant. (2) 19 kinds of urban green trees litter, the best effect of the comprehensive remediation of oil contaminated soil properties is Melia azedarach and peach tree (Prunus persica) dry deciduous leaves, better in sequence is the mulberry tree (Morus alba), Sophora japonica (Sopho) RA japonica), weeping willow (Salix babylonica), five maple (Acer mono) and purple leaf plum (Prunus cerasifera) withered leaves, other trees have no obvious effect or even worsening effect. Specifically, different urban greening trees have different initial nutrient content, peach, five maple, and Xanthoceras (Xanthoceras sorbifolia) withered. Deciduous leaves have higher N, P, K content, Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), Ginkgo Tung (Platanus hispanica), and parasol tree (Firmiana simplex) litter N, P, and low K content. All dry leaves significantly increase the efficiency and organic matter, effective content and urease and dehydrogenase activity of oil contaminated soil. Melia Melia, Sophora japonica, mulberry, purple leaf Li Mingxian promoted soil release. The growth of Rhizoctonia increased the content of alkaline hydrolysate N and the activity of alkaline phosphatase, catalase and invertase. Peach, weeping willow and five deciduous deciduous leaves promoted the growth of soil bacteria, improved the alkaline hydrolysis of N, available P, effective Fe, effective Mn content and protease activity, while the leaves of Koelreteria interifolia significantly increased the leaves of the tree (Koelreteria interifolia). Phenoloxidase activity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53

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