本文選題：城市生活垃圾 + 處置方式��； 參考：《中國科學(xué)院大學(xué)（工程管理與信息技術(shù)學(xué)院）》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：伴隨著城市的發(fā)展,城市生活垃圾的排放量與日俱增。大量生活垃圾的產(chǎn)生影響到我們的生活環(huán)境,污染空氣,侵占土地,污染水體。結(jié)合國內(nèi)城市生活垃圾處理利用現(xiàn)狀,現(xiàn)有三種主要垃圾處理技術(shù)分別為填埋、堆肥和焚燒,但是這三種處理技術(shù)都存在各自局限和不足,亟需一種“資源化、減量化、無害化”更好的技術(shù)。近年來,水泥窯協(xié)同處理固體廢棄物技術(shù)得到長足發(fā)展,并表現(xiàn)出諸多優(yōu)勢,利用水泥窯協(xié)同處置城市生活垃圾已成為一種可能。本文主要工作如下： (1)通過對北京市生活垃圾現(xiàn)狀的調(diào)研及處置方式的分析,揭示了在數(shù)量上生活垃圾以每年3-5%比例逐年增加,而在生活垃圾處理結(jié)構(gòu)上也存在不合理性,分類機(jī)制不健全,現(xiàn)有垃圾處置設(shè)施超負(fù)荷運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)情況嚴(yán)重等問題。 (2)結(jié)合北京市城市生活垃圾的產(chǎn)生、來源和組成,本文對填埋、堆肥、焚燒和水泥窯協(xié)同處置四種垃圾處理技術(shù)進(jìn)行了層次分析。擬定經(jīng)濟(jì)因素、環(huán)境因素、社會因素和技術(shù)因素為主準(zhǔn)則層,工程投資、運(yùn)行成本、二惡英問題、飛灰處置、滲濾液處理等20項(xiàng)因素作為次準(zhǔn)則層,垃圾焚燒、垃圾堆肥、垃圾衛(wèi)生填埋和水泥窯協(xié)同處置四個(gè)因素構(gòu)成方案層。通過運(yùn)用層次分析計(jì)算,本文得出了水泥窯處置垃圾優(yōu)于其他三種技術(shù),是最好的技術(shù)方案。 (3)結(jié)合以上分析,本文以北京懷柔區(qū)垃圾項(xiàng)目綜合處置項(xiàng)目為工程案例,通過技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)分析手段,進(jìn)一步論證了水泥窯協(xié)同處置生活垃圾技術(shù)的優(yōu)越性及可行性。該項(xiàng)技術(shù)投資小,真正實(shí)現(xiàn)垃圾處理的“無害化、資源化、零排放”的多元化目標(biāo)。在層次分析優(yōu)選出水泥窯協(xié)同處置生活垃圾為優(yōu)選方案基礎(chǔ)上,針對北京市懷柔區(qū)的生活垃圾處置項(xiàng)目,提出了利用北京興發(fā)水泥廠進(jìn)行處置的技術(shù)方案,并向政府相關(guān)部門提交了可供分析決策的可行性研究報(bào)告。作者以完成的北京市懷柔區(qū)500t/d垃圾綜合處置項(xiàng)目為工程案例,通過技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)分析手段,進(jìn)一步論證了水泥窯協(xié)同處置生活垃圾技術(shù)的優(yōu)越性及可行性。該項(xiàng)技術(shù)投資小,建設(shè)時(shí)間短,有效減少環(huán)境污染,真正實(shí)現(xiàn)垃圾處理的“減量化、無害化、資源化”的多元化目標(biāo)。 目前我國大中城市已經(jīng)被垃圾所包圍,全面加強(qiáng)環(huán)境保護(hù),已成為全民共識。針對中國城市普遍存在的生活垃圾問題,因水泥窯協(xié)同處置技術(shù)的發(fā)展,使得處置生活垃圾的問題多了一種更優(yōu)的處置和利用方式。我們相信水泥窯協(xié)同處置生活垃圾技術(shù)會得到進(jìn)一步發(fā)展,我們的環(huán)境會越來越好。
[Abstract]:With the development of the city, the emission of municipal solid waste is increasing day by day. A large amount of domestic waste affects our living environment, pollutes the air, encroaches on the land and pollutes the water body. According to the present situation of domestic municipal solid waste disposal and utilization, there are three main waste treatment technologies: landfill, compost and incineration respectively. However, these three treatment technologies have their own limitations and shortcomings. Innocuous "better technology". In recent years, the technology of cement kiln cooperative treatment of solid waste has made great progress, and has shown many advantages. It has become possible to use cement kiln to treat municipal solid waste. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) based on the investigation and analysis of the current situation of municipal solid waste in Beijing, it is revealed that the quantity of domestic waste increases by 3-5% annually. However, there are also some problems in the structure of municipal solid waste disposal, such as unreasonable structure, imperfect classification mechanism, serious overload operation of existing waste disposal facilities, etc. (2) combined with the generation, source and composition of municipal solid waste in Beijing, In this paper, four kinds of waste disposal technologies, such as landfill, compost, incineration and cement kiln, are analyzed. Draw up 20 factors such as economic factors, environmental factors, social factors and technical factors, project investment, operation cost, dioxin problem, fly ash disposal, leachate treatment and so on as sub-standard layer, waste incineration, refuse composting, The four factors of sanitary landfill and co-disposal of cement kiln constitute the plan layer. By using the analytic hierarchy process, this paper concludes that cement kiln is superior to the other three technologies and is the best technical scheme. (3) combined with the above analysis, this paper takes the comprehensive disposal project of the waste project in Huairou District in Beijing as an engineering case. By means of technical and economic analysis, the superiority and feasibility of cement kiln cooperative disposal of domestic waste are further demonstrated. This technology investment is small, realize the multiplex goal of "harmless, resource, zero emission" of waste disposal. Based on the optimal disposal scheme of municipal solid waste from cement kiln selected by AHP, and aiming at the domestic waste disposal project in Huairou District of Beijing, this paper puts forward a technical scheme of using Beijing Xingfa cement Plant to dispose the municipal solid waste. And submitted to the relevant government departments for analysis of the feasibility of decision-making report. Taking the comprehensive disposal project of 500t/d waste in Huairou District of Beijing as an engineering case, the author further demonstrates the superiority and feasibility of the technology of cement kiln cooperative disposal of domestic waste by means of technical and economic analysis. This technology has the advantages of small investment, short construction time, effective reduction of environmental pollution, and the realization of the pluralistic goal of "reduction, innocuity and resource utilization" of waste disposal. At present, large and medium-sized cities in China have been surrounded by garbage, strengthening environmental protection in an all-round way, has become the consensus of the whole people. Due to the development of cement kiln cooperative disposal technology, there is a better way of disposal and utilization of municipal solid waste (MSW). We believe that cement kiln co-disposal of domestic waste technology will be further developed, our environment will be better and better.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院大學(xué)（工程管理與信息技術(shù)學(xué)院）
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X799.3

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