本文選題：O_3 + 木本植物�。� 參考：《北京林業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來由于人為活動的影響,地面臭氧(O_3)污染越來越嚴(yán)重,已經(jīng)對植物生長造成了影響,同時對植物葉片的組織結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生了損害,本文通過對開頂式O_3熏氣室處理18種亞熱帶常見樹種葉片進行組織結(jié)構(gòu)觀測,利用萊卡DM2500觀察受害葉片的組織結(jié)構(gòu),LAS V4.5 (Leica Application)軟件照相并測量柵欄組織厚度、海綿組織厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、葉片總厚度5個指標(biāo),計算出柵欄組織與海綿組織的比值,SPSS19.0處理數(shù)據(jù)。分析了有O_3傷害癥狀葉片和無O_3傷害癥狀葉片的組織結(jié)構(gòu)之間的差異以及樹木葉片抗地面O_3污染的能力,進一步探索了地面O_3污染對植物生長的影響。結(jié)果顯示：(1)植物受到O_3傷害后其葉片表現(xiàn)出如下的可見癥狀及癥狀變化趨勢：大部分植物葉片均有褪綠的現(xiàn)象,并且是由葉緣葉尖逐漸向內(nèi)擴散,在細葉脈間偶爾會有斑點或斑塊,均勻或不均勻的分布,褐色、黃色、黑色斑點斑塊,葉背面偶有輕微褪綠現(xiàn)象,在葉脈上沒有表現(xiàn)出傷害癥狀；(2)在O_3污染的環(huán)境條件下,葉片上雖沒有表現(xiàn)出O_3傷害癥狀,但是試驗證明葉片的組織結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了顯著變化,18種植物受O_3傷害后有癥狀與無癥狀葉片的柵欄組織厚度、海綿組織厚度均發(fā)生顯著變化,并且兩者的厚度變化情況一致,其中厚度顯著增加的約為39%,葉片厚度變化情況與柵欄組織厚度、海綿組織厚度的變化情況保持一致,O_3對同一葉片內(nèi)各組織的傷害程度有的對柵欄組織傷害程度大于海綿組織(如海州常山、柔毛泡花樹等),有的海綿組織的傷害程度大于柵欄組織(如七葉樹、粉團等)；(3)利用生物顯微鏡觀察葉片的顯微結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn),有O_3傷害癥狀與無O_3傷害癥狀葉片的維管束組織均沒有被破壞,無O_3傷害癥狀葉片內(nèi)的全部葉綠體、細胞核仍然保持完整,但是有O_3傷害癥狀葉片內(nèi)部分葉綠體、細胞核出現(xiàn)解體現(xiàn)象;(4)具有抗O_3能力的有5種,即柵欄組織與海綿組織的比值升高有5種樹木；柵欄組織與海綿組織的比值降低和不變的有13種。(5)在O_3熏蒸室內(nèi)熏蒸宜昌楠葉片結(jié)果顯示：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)空氣與當(dāng)?shù)乜諝馓幚磉^的無癥狀的葉片結(jié)構(gòu)進行比較,柵欄組織、海綿組織、葉片、下表皮厚度均極顯著增加,分別增加了37.57%、14.19%、9.44%、22.42%,上表皮厚度極顯著降低了58.23%；當(dāng)?shù)乜諝馓幚磉^的有癥狀與無癥狀葉片進行比較柵欄組織、海綿組織、葉片厚度均極顯著增加,分別增加了7.97%、25.02%,上、下表皮變化不顯著。45nmol·mol-1的O_3濃度與當(dāng)?shù)乜諝庥小o癥狀葉片的柵欄組織/海綿組織比較,比值均增加,但是在當(dāng)?shù)乜諝馓幚淼那闆r下葉片有無癥狀的柵欄組織/海綿組織比值下降。
[Abstract]:In recent years, as a result of human activities, surface ozone (O _ 3) pollution has become more and more serious, which has had an impact on plant growth and on the tissue structure of plant leaves. In this paper, the tissue structure of leaves of 18 common subtropical tree species treated with open top O3 fumigation chamber was observed. The tissue structure of injured leaves was observed by Laika DM2500. The thickness of palisade tissue and sponge tissue were measured by the software of Las V4.5 (Leica Application). The ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue was calculated by SPSS 19.0 processing data, including the thickness of upper epidermis, the thickness of lower epidermis and the total thickness of leaves. The difference of tissue structure between the leaves with and without O _ 3 injury symptom and the ability of tree leaves to resist surface O _ 3 pollution were analyzed, and the effects of surface O _ 3 pollution on plant growth were further explored. The results showed that: (1) the plant leaves showed the following visible symptoms and the tendency of symptom change after being injured by O _ S3: most of the plant leaves showed the phenomenon of chlorosis and gradually spread from the tip of the leaf edge to the inner part of the leaf. Occasionally there are spots or plaques among fine veins, evenly or unevenly distributed, brown, yellow, and black spots, with occasional slight chlorosis on the back of the leaves, showing no signs of injury on the veins; (2) under the environment polluted by Oste3, Although there were no symptoms of O _ 3 injury in leaves, the results showed that the tissue structure of leaves had changed significantly. The palisade tissue thickness and spongy tissue thickness of symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves of 18 species of plants had changed significantly after O _ 3 injury. And the thickness changes of the two groups are consistent, and the thickness of the palisade tissue are significantly increased by about 39% of the thickness of the leaf. The change of sponge tissue thickness is consistent. Some of the damage degree to palisade tissue is greater than that of sponge tissue (E. g., Changshan, Haizhou). In some cases, the damage degree of sponge tissue was greater than that of palisade tissue (such as); (_ 3), and the microscopic structure of leaves was observed by biomicroscopy. The vascular bundle tissues with and without O _ 3 injury symptoms were not destroyed. All chloroplasts in leaves without O _ 3 injury symptoms, the nucleus remained intact, but some chloroplasts in leaves with O _ 3 injury symptoms. (4) there were 5 species of trees with the ability to resist O _ 3, that is, the ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue was increased, and there were 5 species of trees with higher ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue. The ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue decreased and remained unchanged in 13 species. (5) the results of fumigation in O _ 3 fumigation room showed that standard air was compared with the asymptomatic leaf structure treated with local air, palisade tissue, spongy tissue, palisade tissue, spongy tissue, The thickness of the lower epidermis increased significantly, and the thickness of the upper epidermis increased by 37.57% 14.19% and 22.422.The thickness of the upper epidermis decreased significantly by 58.23.The palisade tissue was compared between the symptomatic and the asymptomatic leaves treated by the local air, and the thickness of the sponge tissue and the leaf was significantly increased. Compared with the palisade tissue / spongy tissue of the asymptomatic leaves, the ratio of O _ 3 in the upper and lower epidermis of 0.45 nmol / mol-1 was increased, respectively, compared with that of the local air, and the ratio of the palisade tissue to the spongy tissue of the asymptomatic leaves was increased. However, the ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue was decreased when the leaves were treated with local air.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X51;S718.45

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本文編號：2110996