本文選題：小城鎮(zhèn) + 污染物預(yù)測(cè)��； 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：在城鎮(zhèn)化持續(xù)快速發(fā)展過程中，一系列與環(huán)境相關(guān)的問題日漸凸顯：城鎮(zhèn)人口急速增長(zhǎng)，公共基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施不完善，鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)發(fā)展過程中排放大量廢氣、廢水和廢渣，環(huán)境質(zhì)量急劇下降，無規(guī)劃無序建設(shè)使得生態(tài)環(huán)境遭到破壞。因此，為切實(shí)解決城鎮(zhèn)環(huán)境突出問題，保持社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與人口、資源、環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)，實(shí)現(xiàn)城鎮(zhèn)良性發(fā)展，在統(tǒng)籌考慮城鎮(zhèn)總體規(guī)劃和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行科學(xué)環(huán)境保護(hù)規(guī)劃是十分必要的。 杏花村鎮(zhèn)是聞名遐邇的中國(guó)品牌名白酒--汾酒生產(chǎn)基地，在汾陽市社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中占有舉足輕重的地位，以其為研究對(duì)象，在鎮(zhèn)區(qū)自然環(huán)境和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)特征分析基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)環(huán)境敏感區(qū)進(jìn)行梳理，辨識(shí)主要環(huán)境問題，運(yùn)用相關(guān)模型對(duì)各類主要環(huán)境污染物的排放量進(jìn)行近遠(yuǎn)期科學(xué)預(yù)測(cè)，，以環(huán)境容量為約束條件，結(jié)合區(qū)域空間布局態(tài)勢(shì)分析，進(jìn)行環(huán)境規(guī)劃。論文的研究成果主要體現(xiàn)在如下幾個(gè)方面： （1）對(duì)鎮(zhèn)區(qū)進(jìn)行大氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)，布設(shè)5個(gè)大氣監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)，選取TSP、PM10、SO2、NO2為評(píng)價(jià)因子，運(yùn)用單因子法評(píng)價(jià)分析，結(jié)果表明TSP、PM10、SO2最大超標(biāo)倍數(shù)分別為0.90、1.21和1.38，杏花村工業(yè)和民用鍋爐燃料主要依賴煤炭，基本無脫硫除塵設(shè)施，清潔能源的利用率低，不能有效控制污染物排放，是造成SO2為研究區(qū)域主要大氣污染物的重要原因。為反映鎮(zhèn)區(qū)水環(huán)境質(zhì)量，設(shè)置6個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)斷面，選取COD、BOD、NH3-N、硫化物、PH為評(píng)價(jià)因子，監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果表明主要超標(biāo)污染物為COD、BOD、NH3-N，運(yùn)用單因子法評(píng)價(jià)分析，其中NH3-N在兩個(gè)有水監(jiān)測(cè)斷面超標(biāo)倍數(shù)數(shù)值最大，分別為2.1，1.335，COD超標(biāo)倍數(shù)數(shù)值最小，分別為0.71，0.3335，通過對(duì)鎮(zhèn)區(qū)工業(yè)布局及污染源特征分析，釀酒企業(yè)是水環(huán)境污染物排放的重點(diǎn)行業(yè)，污水處理設(shè)施不完善，鎮(zhèn)區(qū)生活污水大部分未經(jīng)任何處理就地排放是造成水環(huán)境污染的主要因素。對(duì)地下水和噪聲環(huán)境質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)，環(huán)境質(zhì)量較好。利用遙感影像資料，借用DEM、Arcgis等技術(shù)對(duì)鎮(zhèn)區(qū)土地利用、植被覆蓋、土壤侵蝕和環(huán)境敏感性進(jìn)行解譯分析。 （2）選用灰色模型GM(1，1)，應(yīng)用MATLAB對(duì)鎮(zhèn)區(qū)主要大氣污染物進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)。參照不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，采用系數(shù)法對(duì)鎮(zhèn)區(qū)年生活污水、工業(yè)廢水和生活污水中污染物的排放量進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)。分析歷年工業(yè)廢水污染物排放數(shù)據(jù)，采用一元線性回歸模型對(duì)其進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)。 （3）應(yīng)用基于箱式的A值法對(duì)鎮(zhèn)區(qū)大氣環(huán)境容量計(jì)算，以環(huán)境容量為控制目標(biāo)，選取杏花村酒工業(yè)園區(qū)為重點(diǎn)控制區(qū)，制定SO2消減方案，2015、2030年消減量分別為1368.66t，1751.76t。進(jìn)行水功能區(qū)劃分，源頭—文峪河水庫(kù)執(zhí)行Ⅲ功能區(qū)，Ⅲ類水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，文峪河水庫(kù)—汾河入口執(zhí)行Ⅳ功能區(qū)，Ⅳ類水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對(duì)水環(huán)境容量進(jìn)行計(jì)算，給出COD、BOD、NH3-N近遠(yuǎn)期消減量。對(duì)大氣、水環(huán)境污染物控制措施進(jìn)行探討�？茖W(xué)進(jìn)行生態(tài)功能區(qū)劃分，共分為3個(gè)一級(jí)區(qū)、6個(gè)二級(jí)區(qū)，在功能區(qū)劃分的基礎(chǔ)上提出生態(tài)核心區(qū)與外圍生態(tài)系統(tǒng)相連接，提出“三區(qū)、三帶、兩屏、一鏈”的多層次生態(tài)綠化結(jié)構(gòu)。
[Abstract]:In the process of continuous rapid development of urbanization, a series of environmental related problems have become increasingly prominent: the rapid growth of urban population, the imperfect public infrastructure, the emission of large quantities of waste gas, waste water and waste residue in the development of township enterprises, the rapid decline of the environmental quality, and the destruction of the ecological environment without planning and disorderly construction. In order to solve the problem of urban environment and maintain social and economic development with population, resources and environment, it is necessary to carry out the planning of scientific environmental protection on the basis of overall planning of cities and towns and the development of social and economic development.
Xinghua village is a famous Chinese brand famous liquor, Fen Liquor production base, which occupies a pivotal position in the social and economic development of Fenyang. Based on the analysis of the natural environment and social and economic characteristics of the town, it combs the environment sensitive area, identifies the main environmental problems, and uses the related models to all kinds of problems. The emission of the main environmental pollutants is predicted scientifically in the near and long term. The environmental planning is based on the environmental capacity as a constraint condition and the regional spatial layout situation analysis. The research results of the paper are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
(1) to monitor the quality of the air environment in the town, set up 5 atmospheric monitoring points, select TSP, PM10, SO2, NO2 as evaluation factors, and use the single factor method to evaluate and analyze. The results show that TSP, PM10, SO2 maximum exceeding standard number is 0.90,1.21 and 1.38, Xinghuacun industrial and civil boiler fuels are mainly dependent on coal, basically no desulfurization facilities, clean energy. The utilization rate of the source is low and the pollutant emission can not be controlled effectively. It is an important reason for SO2 to be the main atmospheric pollutant in the study area. In order to reflect the water environment quality of the town, 6 monitoring sections are set up, and COD, BOD, NH3-N, sulfide and PH are selected as evaluation factors. The monitoring results show that the main excess pollutants are COD, BOD, NH3-N, and the single factor method is used to evaluate the pollutants. In the analysis, the maximum number of NH3-N in two water monitoring sections is the largest, respectively 2.1,1.335, COD exceeding the standard number is the smallest, respectively 0.71,0.3335. Through the analysis of the industrial layout and pollution source characteristics of the town, the wine making enterprise is the key industry of the water environmental pollutant discharge, the sewage treatment facilities are not perfect, and the sewage in the town is large. The untreated local discharge is the main factor causing water environmental pollution. The quality of groundwater and noise environment is monitored and the environmental quality is good. Using remote sensing image data, DEM, Arcgis and other techniques are used to interpret the land use, vegetation cover, soil erosion and environmental sensitivity in the town.
(2) the grey model GM (1,1) is used to predict the main atmospheric pollutants in the town. According to the different standards, the emission of the pollutants in the municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater and domestic sewage is predicted by the coefficient method. The data of pollutant discharge from industrial wastewater in the past years are analyzed and the one element linear regression model is used to predict the pollutant discharge. Test.
(3) using the box type A value method to calculate the atmospheric environmental capacity of the town, taking the environmental capacity as the control target, selecting the Xinghuacun wine industry park as the key control area, formulating the SO2 reduction scheme, the 20152030 year subtraction of 1368.66t, the division of the water function area by 1751.76t., the third function area of Wenyuhe reservoir, and the type III water quality standard. Quasi, Wenyuhe reservoir - Fenhe entrance to carry out the IV functional area, IV water quality standards, water environmental capacity calculation, COD, BOD, NH3-N near and forward mitigation measures. The atmosphere, water environmental pollution control measures are discussed. Scientific ecological functional area division, divided into 3 first grade, 6 two levels, on the basis of functional area division The ecological core area is connected with the peripheral ecosystem, and the multi level ecological greening structure of "three zones, three belts, two screens and one chain" is put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X321

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