發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-08 19:56

  本文選題：廢舊輪胎橡膠顆粒 + 吸附�。� 參考：《蘭州交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：針對污染日益污染嚴(yán)重的水體環(huán)境問題,國家在排放水質(zhì)方面制定了越來越嚴(yán)格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),研發(fā)高效、經(jīng)濟(jì)的水處理技術(shù)已成為水污染控制領(lǐng)域研究的重點(diǎn);同時(shí),困擾著人類的另外一個(gè)環(huán)境問題就是廢舊橡膠輪胎的隨意堆放,即“黑色污染”。隨著汽車工業(yè)的急劇發(fā)展,產(chǎn)生出大量的廢舊橡膠輪胎不能及時(shí)的處理。因此,廢舊橡膠輪胎的處理、資源化及再利用業(yè)已引起關(guān)注。將廢舊輪胎橡膠處理為顆粒后,表面變得粗糙,增大了它的比表面積,且由于顆粒的粒徑小,顆粒與顆粒之間的空隙增多,有望應(yīng)用于污水處理過程中的過濾截留環(huán)節(jié)。本文以廢舊輪胎橡膠顆粒為材料,研究了橡膠顆粒對水中典型污染物氨氮、苯酚和磷的吸附作用,以此為基礎(chǔ),探究了橡膠顆粒填料曝氣生物濾池處理模擬生活污水的效果,目的在于“以廢治廢”,將廢舊輪胎橡膠顆粒資源化再利用,使其有望成為新型的水處理技術(shù)中填料材料。首先,分別研究了橡膠顆粒對氨氮、苯酚及磷的吸附性能,考察了不同接觸時(shí)間、pH值、橡膠顆粒投加量、污染物初始濃度及溫度對橡膠顆粒吸附效果的影響。并應(yīng)用吸附動力學(xué)、吸附等溫方程及吸附熱力學(xué)方程對實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了擬合。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,對氨氮吸附平衡時(shí)間是6 h,吸附動力學(xué)方程符合準(zhǔn)二級動力學(xué)方程;在pH值為7.5時(shí),橡膠顆粒對廢水中氨氮有較好的吸附效果;Langmuir方程能更好地描述橡膠顆粒對氨氮的等溫吸附特性;橡膠顆粒的適宜用量是0.1 g,在此條件下對模擬廢水中氨氮吸附量是1.31 mg/g,并且吸附過程是自發(fā)的吸熱過程,升高溫度有利于吸附;吸附機(jī)理是單分子層的化學(xué)吸附和簡單的物理吸附。對苯酚的吸附結(jié)果是:在25℃下,橡膠顆粒用量為0.1 g,苯酚溶液pH值為6.0,反應(yīng)時(shí)間為4 h,苯酚的去除率可達(dá)到86%。橡膠顆粒對苯酚的吸附量隨其初始濃度的增加而增加,呈線性關(guān)系。該吸附過程符合Langmuir單層吸附模型,其動力學(xué)更好地符合準(zhǔn)二級反應(yīng)動力學(xué)方程,熱力學(xué)參數(shù)吸附焓變△H0=5.932 kJ/mol,熵變△S0=0.0247 kJ/mol·K,對苯酚的吸附為自發(fā)吸熱過程。橡膠顆粒對磷吸附的平衡時(shí)間是14 h,含磷溶液的pH值為10.0時(shí),對磷的吸附量達(dá)到最大。隨著橡膠顆粒的用量增加,對磷的吸附量呈減小的趨勢,該吸附過程符合Freundlich吸附模型,其動力學(xué)符合準(zhǔn)二級反應(yīng)動力學(xué)方程,同樣對磷的吸附是自發(fā)的吸熱過程。吸附機(jī)理是化學(xué)吸附。由此得出,橡膠顆粒對水中三種不同類型的污染物有良好的吸附作用,這將為曝氣生物濾池作填料處理污水的應(yīng)用奠定了基礎(chǔ)。其次,研究了橡膠顆粒填料曝氣生物濾池處理模擬生活污水的效果。掛膜方式采用的是先浸泡橡膠顆粒、悶曝再連續(xù)進(jìn)水培養(yǎng)的方式,啟動掛膜階段對CODCr、NH3-N及P的平均去除率分別為55.30%、50%和91.90%。經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間的正常運(yùn)行,對模擬生活污水中CODCr、NH3-N及P的平均去除率分別為63.51%、43.27%和89.41%。在水溫為17-20℃、氣水比為5:1、水力負(fù)荷在0.208、0.312和0.424 m3/m2·h的運(yùn)行條件下,分別在30、45、60及75 cm處取樣,發(fā)現(xiàn)水力負(fù)荷為0.208 m3/m2·h、濾料層高度為45cm時(shí),即可得到較高的去除率。由此可見,橡膠顆粒填料曝氣生物濾池處理模擬生活污水效果較好,尤其在除磷方面效果明顯,給實(shí)際處理生活污水提供依據(jù)。今后在運(yùn)行條件、橡膠顆粒的粒徑、表面性能等方面加以改善,其將有望成為曝氣生物濾池工藝中一種新型的填料。
[Abstract]:In view of the serious pollution of the polluted water environment, the state has made more and more strict standards for the water quality, and the research and development of efficient and economical water treatment technology has become the focus of the study of water pollution control. At the same time, the other environmental problem that has plagued human beings is the random stacking of waste rubber tires, that is, "black" Pollution ". With the rapid development of the automobile industry, a large number of waste rubber tyres can not be treated in time. Therefore, the treatment, resource and reuse of waste rubber tyres have attracted attention. After the waste tire rubber is treated as particles, the surface becomes rough, and its specific surface area is increased, and the particle size is small and particles are small. The gap between the particles and the particles is increased and is expected to be applied to the filtration and interception in the process of sewage treatment. The adsorption of the rubber particles on the typical pollutants, ammonia nitrogen, phenol and phosphorus, is studied in this paper. On the basis of this, the rubber particle stuffing biological aerated filter is studied to treat the simulated sewage. The purpose is to use waste to treat waste and reuse the waste tire rubber particles, so that it is expected to be a new type of packing material in water treatment technology. First, the adsorption properties of rubber particles on ammonia, phenol and phosphorus are studied. The pH value, the amount of rubber particles, the initial concentration of pollutants and the initial concentration of the pollutants are investigated. The effect of temperature on the adsorption of rubber particles. The experimental data were fitted by adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherm equation and adsorption thermodynamic equation. The experimental results showed that the adsorption equilibrium time of ammonia nitrogen was 6 h and the adsorption kinetic equation accorded with the quasi two order kinetic equation; when the pH value was 7.5, the rubber particles had the ammonia nitrogen in the wastewater. The Langmuir equation can better describe the isothermal adsorption properties of rubber particles to ammonia nitrogen; the suitable dosage of rubber particles is 0.1 g, and the adsorption of ammonia nitrogen in simulated wastewater is 1.31 mg/g under this condition, and the adsorption process is spontaneous endothermic process and the temperature is beneficial to adsorption; the mechanism of adsorption is a single molecular layer. Adsorption and simple physical adsorption. The adsorption results of phenol are as follows: at 25 C, the amount of rubber particles is 0.1 g, the pH value of phenol solution is 6, the reaction time is 4 h, the removal rate of phenol can reach the increase of the initial concentration of phenol with the increase of the adsorption capacity of the 86%. rubber particles with the initial concentration. The adsorption process conforms to the single layer absorption of Langmuir. With the model, the kinetics is better in accordance with the kinetic equation of the quasi two order reaction. The thermodynamic parameters of adsorption enthalpy change Delta H0=5.932 kJ/mol, entropy change Delta S0=0.0247 kJ/mol. K, the adsorption of phenol to spontaneous endothermic process. The equilibrium time of adsorption to phosphorus by rubber particles is 14 h, and when the pH value of phosphorus solution is 10, the maximum adsorption capacity of phosphorus is reached. The amount of rubber particles increased and the adsorption of phosphorus decreased. The adsorption process accorded with the Freundlich adsorption model. The kinetics accorded with the quasi two stage reaction kinetics equation, and the adsorption of phosphorus was spontaneous endothermic process. The adsorption mechanism was chemical adsorption. Thus, the rubber particles had three different types of pollutants in water. Good adsorption, which will lay the foundation for the application of biological aeration filter for sewage treatment. Secondly, the effect of rubber particle packing biological aerated filter (BAF) on simulated sewage treatment is studied. The average removal rate of P is 55.30%, 50% and 91.90%. after a period of normal operation, the average removal rate of CODCr, NH3-N and P in simulated domestic sewage is 63.51%, 43.27% and 89.41%. at the water temperature 17-20, and the gas water ratio is 5:1, and the hydraulic load is in 30,45,60 and 75 cm, respectively, under the operating conditions of 0.208,0.312 and 0.424 m3/m2 H. When the hydraulic load is 0.208 m3/m2. H and the height of the filter layer is 45cm, the high removal rate can be obtained. Thus, it can be seen that the effect of rubber granular packing biological aerated filter in treating simulated domestic sewage is better, especially the effect of phosphorus removal is obvious, and it provides the basis for the actual treatment of domestic sewage. Particle size, surface properties and other aspects of improvement, it will be expected to become a new type of filler in biological aerated filter process.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X799.3

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本文編號：2108577