本文選題：大氣容量 + 理想環(huán)境容量�。� 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)哈爾濱市經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)主要依賴能源的消耗,能源消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)以煤炭為主,煤炭消耗具有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和污染物的排放的雙重屬性。如何可以在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的同時(shí)又不會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生太大的影響,這需要確定該區(qū)域大氣環(huán)境中所能容納的污染物的最大負(fù)荷,大氣環(huán)境容量的測(cè)算應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。本文依據(jù)哈爾濱市環(huán)境質(zhì)量特征將容量測(cè)算分為采暖期及非采暖期,分析采暖期及非采暖期哈爾濱市大氣污染特征、污染源布局對(duì)哈爾濱市大氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量的影響、并依據(jù)不同污染源對(duì)環(huán)境質(zhì)量影響的程度采用科學(xué)的方法對(duì)各個(gè)污染源的排放量進(jìn)行削減,將削減后的排放量整合后得到哈爾濱市的大氣環(huán)境容量。基于修正A值法對(duì)哈爾濱市理想環(huán)境容量進(jìn)行測(cè)算,基于多源模型法及平權(quán)法對(duì)哈爾濱市實(shí)際環(huán)境容量進(jìn)行測(cè)算,基于優(yōu)化方法對(duì)哈爾濱市規(guī)劃環(huán)境容量進(jìn)行測(cè)算。理想環(huán)境容量的測(cè)算用來(lái)確定哈爾濱市大氣環(huán)境最大自凈能力。理想環(huán)境容量不考慮污染源布局,利用箱式模型,分別得出平流輸送、干沉積、濕沉積以及化學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)化對(duì)污染物產(chǎn)生的清除量,可以對(duì)較大區(qū)域內(nèi)環(huán)境容量進(jìn)行測(cè)算,因此理想環(huán)境容量的數(shù)值可以作為區(qū)域內(nèi)污染物控制的邊界條件,其中SO2理想容量為排放量的3.65倍、NO2為2.27倍、PM10為2.33倍。實(shí)際環(huán)境容量的測(cè)算中以哈爾濱市現(xiàn)有的污染源排放布局為基礎(chǔ),以控制點(diǎn)處的污染物濃度不超過(guò)濃度控制目標(biāo)為約束進(jìn)行計(jì)算。實(shí)際環(huán)境容量的大小取決于污染源的布局,在污染源布局確定的基礎(chǔ)上確定污染源最大允許排放的污染物量。本課題研究在哈爾濱市現(xiàn)有污染源布局條件下,污染源所能排放的污染物總量,結(jié)合現(xiàn)有污染物排放量對(duì)其進(jìn)行削減,其中SO2、NO2全市范圍不需削減,市轄區(qū)范圍需削減1.19萬(wàn)噸/年、3081.22噸/年,PM10全市范圍需削減0.97萬(wàn)噸/年。在分析哈爾濱市污染物排放現(xiàn)狀及環(huán)境質(zhì)量現(xiàn)狀后,對(duì)污染源布局、排放進(jìn)行調(diào)整,在規(guī)劃污染源布局下得出的滿足大氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量要求的哈爾濱市大氣污染物的最大允許排放量。規(guī)劃環(huán)境容量也是在污染源布局確定的基礎(chǔ)上所得出的污染源最大允許排放的污染物量。本課題依據(jù)分析得出的哈爾濱市環(huán)境質(zhì)量及污染現(xiàn)狀,調(diào)整污染源布局,并通過(guò)計(jì)算獲得調(diào)整布局后的各污染源所產(chǎn)生的污染物允許排放總量,并與實(shí)際環(huán)境容量進(jìn)行對(duì)比,在進(jìn)行調(diào)整后,容量可增加2.7%-15.9%。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the economic growth of Harbin mainly depends on the consumption of energy. The structure of energy consumption is mainly coal. Coal consumption has the dual attributes of economic growth and pollutant emission. It is necessary to determine the maximum load of pollutants that can be contained in the atmospheric environment in this region, and the calculation of atmospheric environmental capacity emerges as the times require. According to the environmental quality characteristics of Harbin, the capacity measurement is divided into heating period and non-heating period. The characteristics of air pollution in Harbin during heating period and non-heating period, and the influence of pollution source layout on the quality of atmospheric environment in Harbin are analyzed in this paper. According to the influence of different pollution sources on the environmental quality, the emission of each pollution source is reduced by scientific method, and the atmospheric environmental capacity of Harbin is obtained by integrating the reduced emissions. Based on the modified A value method, the ideal environmental capacity of Harbin is calculated, the actual environmental capacity of Harbin is calculated based on multi-source model method and equal weight method, and the planning environmental capacity of Harbin is calculated based on optimization method. The calculation of ideal environmental capacity is used to determine the maximum self-purification capacity of atmospheric environment in Harbin. The ideal environmental capacity does not consider the layout of pollution sources. By using the box model, the removal amount of pollutants produced by advection transport, dry deposition, wet deposition and chemical transformation can be obtained, which can be used to calculate the environmental capacity in a large area. So the value of ideal environmental capacity can be used as the boundary condition of pollutant control in the region, and the ideal capacity of SO2 is 3.65 times of the emission of no _ 2 and 2.27 times of PM10 is 2.33 times. The actual environmental capacity is calculated on the basis of the existing emission distribution of pollution sources in Harbin, and the concentration of pollutants at the control point is not more than the concentration control target. The size of the actual environmental capacity depends on the layout of the pollution source, and the maximum allowable pollutant quantity of the source is determined on the basis of the determination of the pollution source layout. Under the condition of the present pollution source layout in Harbin, the total amount of pollutants that can be discharged from the pollution source is reduced by combining with the existing pollutant discharge, and there is no need to reduce the amount of so _ 2 no _ 2 in the whole city. The municipal area should be reduced by 11900 tons per year or 3081.22 tons per year. The whole city area of PM10 should be reduced by 9700 tons per year. After analyzing the present situation of pollutant discharge and environmental quality in Harbin, the distribution and discharge of pollution sources are adjusted. The maximum allowable emissions of atmospheric pollutants in Harbin which meet the requirements of atmospheric environmental quality are obtained under the layout of planned pollution sources. The planning of environmental capacity is also the maximum allowable pollutant discharge from the pollution source based on the determination of the pollution source layout. Based on the analysis of the environmental quality and pollution status quo of Harbin, this subject adjusts the layout of pollution sources, and calculates the total amount of pollutants allowed to be discharged from the adjusted sources, and compares it with the actual environmental capacity. After adjustment, the volume can be increased by 2.7- 15.9.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X51;X26

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