本文選題：水稻田土壤Cd + 水稻田土壤Cd污染特征��； 參考：《山西大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：水稻田土壤Cd污染,己成為湖南省攸縣發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的主要制約因素。在對(duì)五個(gè)主要功能區(qū)水稻田土壤Cd污染調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上,分別選擇八個(gè)有代表性的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)作為調(diào)查點(diǎn),對(duì)其水稻田土壤、稻谷、灌溉渠道底泥及典型含Cd工業(yè)產(chǎn)品和副產(chǎn)品如煤、煤矸石和水等樣品進(jìn)行分析,并根據(jù)美國EPA推薦的模型評(píng)估當(dāng)?shù)亟】岛蜕鷳B(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。通過設(shè)計(jì)田間試驗(yàn),研究經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的治理技術(shù),以期對(duì)攸縣水稻田污染起到一定的控制作用。研究結(jié)果表明：(1)以煤礦工廠區(qū)和煤礦區(qū)為代表的TS和HFQ的水稻土壤Cd含量最高,平均值分別為0.924 mg·kg-1和0.920 mg·kg-1。工業(yè)區(qū)WL的平均值是0.631 mg·kg-1,為中度Cd污染水平。城鎮(zhèn)區(qū)具有相似性,其水稻田土壤Cd含量在0.435-0.654 mg·kg-1范圍。0-100 cm水稻田土壤Cd含量剖面圖顯示,除SYT外,其他調(diào)查點(diǎn)Cd的積累量在0-20 cm土層變化顯著。此外,Cd含量在低于40 cm的剖面深度略有不同,為0.05-0.30 mg·kg-1,屬于區(qū)域土壤Cd背景值的正常范圍。(2)調(diào)查表明,水稻田土壤Cd主要的輸入途徑是灌溉水和大氣沉降。8個(gè)調(diào)查點(diǎn)灌溉渠道底泥Cd的含量都很高,HFQ灌溉渠道底泥Cd的含量達(dá)到8.07 mg·kg-1,灌溉水Cd含量為1.42μg·L-1；除了HFQ大氣沉降Cd含量僅0.745 g·(hm2·a)-1外,其他調(diào)查點(diǎn)均較高,并且TS樣點(diǎn)大氣沉降Cd含量最高,達(dá)12.0 g·(hm2·a)-1,比全國平均水平高出約三倍�？傊�,攸縣水稻田土壤Cd污染無疑是嚴(yán)重和普遍的。(3)8個(gè)調(diào)查點(diǎn)水稻田土壤Cd含量在0.420-0.924 mg·kg-1之間,都超過了土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)0.3 mg·kg-1,其中51.7%-89.9%的土壤Cd被認(rèn)為是可利用的有效態(tài)�；谕寥篮退緲悠�,八個(gè)調(diào)查點(diǎn)PCF的計(jì)算值介于0.362-2.78之間。其中五個(gè)調(diào)查點(diǎn)稻米的PCF值超過了1,表明Cd在植物中積累水平高。攸縣稻米Cd含量范圍在0.056-1.826 mg·kg-1之間,其中約60%超過世界衛(wèi)生組織規(guī)定的最大安全濃度0.4 mg·kg-1,由于土壤污染濃度的顯著上升,約80%研究區(qū)的人體健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較之前都有所提高�？傮w而言,在整個(gè)研究區(qū)域中稻田土壤表層Cd的積累量處于高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)狀態(tài)。另外,對(duì)于八個(gè)調(diào)查點(diǎn)的健康和生態(tài)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果并不一致,煤礦區(qū)HFQ水稻田Cd含量水平高,但其健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)低(HRI值為1.18),相反,土壤Cd含量相對(duì)較低的對(duì)照區(qū)JS,潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(Er為980)和健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(HRI為5.96)處于高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)狀態(tài),分別排在第一、第二。(4)9種技術(shù)處理的水稻田稻谷產(chǎn)量均比對(duì)照組低,最低的是石灰和葉面肥處理,分別為737 kg、722 kg,僅為對(duì)照組平均值的85%左右�？紤]技術(shù)成本發(fā)現(xiàn),石灰處理所增加的成本最低為80元,生物碳處理技術(shù)增加的成本最高達(dá)3200元。綜合分析降Cd效果、稻谷產(chǎn)量以及對(duì)土壤Cd有效態(tài)的影響,表明施用石灰的效果最佳。對(duì)不同品種稻米Cd含量的調(diào)查分析結(jié)果顯示：中早39、湘早秈24號(hào)、陵兩優(yōu)4024、珍山一號(hào)這四個(gè)品種采集的所有樣品,Cd含量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過稻米國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)0.2 mg·kg-1;而株兩優(yōu)06只有一個(gè)樣品Cd含量為0.305 mg·kg-1,超過0.2 mg·kg-1的國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn),其余樣品均符合國家稻米Cd含量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),表明株兩優(yōu)06對(duì)Cd的積累明顯較其它品種低。
[Abstract]:The soil Cd pollution in paddy field has become the main restriction factor for the development of agricultural economy in Youxian of Hunan province. On the basis of the investigation on the soil Cd pollution in five main functional areas, eight representative towns are selected as the investigation points, and the soil, rice, irrigation channel sediment and typical Cd industrial products and by-products of the paddy soil, rice, irrigation irrigation and irrigation irrigation are selected. Samples such as coal, gangue and water are analyzed, and the local health and ecological risks are evaluated according to the model recommended by the United States EPA. Through the design of field experiments, the economic and effective control techniques are studied to play a certain control role in the pollution of rice fields in Youxian. The results show: (1) TS, represented by coal mining area and coal mining area, and The average value of Cd in the paddy soil of HFQ is the highest, the average value is 0.924 mg. Kg-1 and 0.920 mg. Kg-1. industrial region, the average value of WL is 0.631 mg. Kg-1, which is moderate Cd pollution level. The accumulation of point Cd was significant in the 0-20 cm soil layer. In addition, the depth of Cd content in the section below 40 cm was slightly different, 0.05-0.30 mg. Kg-1, belonging to the normal range of regional soil Cd background value. (2) investigation showed that the main input way of rice field soil Cd was the Cd content of irrigation channel sediment at the.8 investigation point of the irrigation water and the large gas sedimentation. The content of Cd in the HFQ irrigation channel was 8.07 mg. Kg-1, and the Cd content of the irrigation water was 1.42 u g. L-1. Besides the Cd content of HFQ, Cd only 0.745 G. (hm2 a), all the other investigation points were higher, and the concentration of atmospheric sedimentation was the highest, up to three times higher than the national average. In conclusion, Youxian paddy soil soil The soil Cd pollution is no doubt serious and universal. (3) the soil Cd content of the paddy soil in the 8 investigation points is between 0.420-0.924 mg and kg-1, and the soil environmental quality standard is 0.3 mg. Kg-1, and 51.7%-89.9%'s soil Cd is considered to be the available effective state. Based on the soil and rice samples, the calculation value of PCF in the eight investigation points is between 0.362-2.78. The PCF value of rice was more than 1 in five of the survey points, indicating that the accumulation of Cd in plants was high. The Cd content of Youxian rice was between 0.056-1.826 mg and kg-1, about 60% of which exceeded the maximum safety concentration of the WHO, 0.4 mg. Kg-1, and the human health risk and birth of about 80% research areas were increased by the significant increase of soil pollution concentration. In the whole research area, the accumulation of Cd in the paddy soil surface is in high risk. In addition, the results of the health and ecological evaluation of the eight investigation points are not consistent, the HFQ paddy field Cd content in the coal mine area is high, but the health risk is low (HRI value is 1.18), on the contrary, the soil Cd content is relative. The lower control area JS, the potential ecological risk (Er 980) and the health risk (HRI 5.96) were in high risk state, respectively in the first and second. (4) 9 kinds of technology treated rice paddy rice yield was lower than the control group, the lowest was lime and foliar fertilizer treatment, respectively 737 kg, 722 kg, only about 85% of the average value of the control group. Consider the technical results. The lowest cost of lime treatment was 80 yuan, and the cost of the bio carbon treatment was up to 3200 yuan. The effect of reducing Cd, rice yield and the Cd availability of soil showed that the effect of lime was the best. The results of Cd content in different varieties of rice showed that middle early 39, Hunan early indica 24, All the samples collected from the four varieties of mausoleum two, 4024 and Jan. 1, the Cd content was far beyond the national standard 0.2 mg. Kg-1, while the plant two best 06 had only one sample Cd content of 0.305 mg. Kg-1, exceeding the national standard of 0.2 mg kg-1, and the rest of the samples all conformed to the national rice Cd content standard, indicating that the accumulation of plant two and 06 to Cd was obviously more than its accumulation. It is low in variety.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S511;X53

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