本文選題：水稻 + 砷　； 參考：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：水稻是我國(guó)主要的糧食作物。水稻對(duì)砷具有比其他作物更強(qiáng)的吸收能力,砷在水稻中的富集不僅會(huì)導(dǎo)致水稻的減產(chǎn),而且砷在水稻秸稈和籽粒中的積累會(huì)通過(guò)食物鏈傳遞,對(duì)人和牲畜造成健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。草甘膦是目前使用廣泛的除草劑,草甘膦在土壤中的殘留以及對(duì)作物的危害一直是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。探討砷和草甘膦復(fù)合污染條件下水稻的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育狀況,對(duì)于了解重金屬和除草劑污染和殘留對(duì)水稻種植的影響有十分重要的意義。本論文研究了不同濃度砷和草甘膦單獨(dú)及聯(lián)合處理?xiàng)l件下,水稻的種子萌發(fā)、幼苗的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和碳代謝、產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成、礦質(zhì)元素累積以及砷的富集和遷移變化,探討了砷和草甘膦單一及復(fù)合污染對(duì)水稻生長(zhǎng)生育的影響,旨在為掌握重金屬和除草劑復(fù)合污染對(duì)水稻毒害作用提供參考。主要研究結(jié)論如下:1.研究了砷(0-20mg/L)和草甘膦處理(0-20mg/L)單一及聯(lián)合處理對(duì)水稻種子萌發(fā)的影響,結(jié)果表明:砷和草甘膦處理顯著抑制了水稻的萌發(fā),降低了水稻種子的發(fā)芽率和種子活力、根長(zhǎng)和芽長(zhǎng)、種子鮮重以及淀粉酶活性和貯藏物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)率。砷處理對(duì)水稻種子萌發(fā)率及胚根生長(zhǎng)的抑制程度要大于草甘膦,而對(duì)胚芽的生長(zhǎng)影響小于草甘膦處理。草甘膦和砷復(fù)合污染具有協(xié)同抑制作用,進(jìn)一步降低了水稻萌發(fā)率、根長(zhǎng)和芽長(zhǎng)的生長(zhǎng)及淀粉酶活性。2.采用溶液培養(yǎng)方法,研究了砷處理(0-5mg/L)和草甘膦處理(0-5mg/L)單一和聯(lián)合處理對(duì)水稻幼苗生物量、抗氧化系統(tǒng)、碳代謝及砷吸收的影響。結(jié)果表明:砷和草甘膦都顯著抑制了水稻幼苗的生長(zhǎng),降低了水稻株高、葉綠素SPAD值、地上和根的鮮重以及根系活力。砷脅迫降低了水稻幼苗抗氧化脅迫的能力,使MDA含量增加;然而低濃度草甘膦處理提高了水稻抗氧化脅迫的能力、使MDA含量下降,高濃度草甘膦處理則提高了MDA含量。砷和草甘膦聯(lián)合處理對(duì)水稻MDA含量無(wú)明顯的交互作用。單一處理?xiàng)l件下,1mg/LAs處理降低了、5mg/LAs處理則提高了水稻莖葉中可溶性糖和蔗糖的含量;而草甘膦處理除低濃度(1mg/L)降低了蔗糖含量外,顯著提高了水稻莖和葉中可溶性糖和蔗糖的含量。砷和草甘膦處理對(duì)水稻SPS酶活性均無(wú)顯著影響,但高濃度砷和草甘膦處理顯著提高了SS酶活性。砷和草甘膦處理對(duì)可溶性糖含量和SPS酶活性存在顯著交互作用,兩者聯(lián)合處理顯著提高了可溶性糖含量、降低了SPS酶活性。高濃度草甘膦(5mg/L)降低了水稻莖葉和根中As的含量。1mg/L As及5mg/L As處理?xiàng)l件下,5mg/L草甘膦處理水稻根和莖葉中砷的含量分別為不施草甘膦處理的55.1%、89.6%(根)和77.5%、84.3%(地上部)。3.采用土壤培養(yǎng)方法,研究了砷處理(0-80mg/L)和草甘膦處理(0-16mg/L)單一及聯(lián)合處理對(duì)水稻生育期進(jìn)程、產(chǎn)量、礦質(zhì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素含量及砷的吸收和累積的影響。結(jié)果表明:砷和草甘膦處理顯著地抑制了水稻的生長(zhǎng),降低了水稻株高和葉綠素含量,推遲了水稻生育期。砷脅迫降低了水稻產(chǎn)量,砷和草甘膦處理具有協(xié)同作用,使水稻產(chǎn)量進(jìn)一步降低。砷脅迫顯著降低了水稻植株莖和葉中N、P和K的含量,砷和草甘膦復(fù)合污染對(duì)分蘗期水稻根和莖中N、P和K的含量有顯著交互作用、使分蘗期水稻根和莖中N、P和K的含量進(jìn)一步下降,但對(duì)成熟期水稻植株N、P和K的含量交互作用不顯著。砷處理顯著提高了成熟期水稻莖葉、谷殼和糙米中Fe和Mn的含量,但降低了Cu和Zn的含量。草甘膦處理則顯著降低了成熟期水稻莖葉、谷殼和糙米中Fe和Mn的含量,提高了Zn的含量。砷和草甘膦復(fù)合污染對(duì)成熟期水稻Fe、Mn、Cu和Zn的含量均存在顯著的交互作用。砷處理顯著提高了水稻各部分的砷含量。草甘膦促進(jìn)了分蘗期水稻對(duì)砷的吸收,但對(duì)抽穗期和成熟期水稻砷含量無(wú)顯著影響。
[Abstract]:Rice is the main grain crop in China. Rice has a stronger absorption capacity to arsenic than other crops. The enrichment of arsenic in rice will not only lead to the reduction of rice, but also the accumulation of arsenic in rice straw and grain will pass through the food chain and cause health risk to people and livestock. Glyphosate is a widely used herbicide, grass now. The residue of glyphosate in soil and its harm to crops has been a hot issue in agricultural production. It is of great significance to understand the growth and development of rice under the combined pollution of arsenic and glyphosate. It is very important to understand the effect of heavy metals and herbicide pollution and residue on rice planting. The seed germination of rice, the growth and development of the seedlings, the composition of the yield, the accumulation of mineral elements and the accumulation and migration of arsenic, the effects of single and compound pollution of arsenic and Glyphosate on the growth and growth of rice were discussed in order to control the toxicity of heavy metals and herbicides to rice. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. the effects of arsenic (0-20mg/L) and glyphosate treatment (0-20mg/L) on the seed germination of rice were studied. The results showed that arsenic and glyphosate treatment significantly inhibited the germination of rice, reduced the germination rate and seed vigor of rice seeds, root length and bud length, seed fresh weight and amylin. The inhibition of germination rate and root growth of rice seeds was greater than glyphosate, but the effect of arsenic treatment on germ growth was less than glyphosate treatment. The synergistic inhibition effect of glyphosate and arsenic compound pollution could further reduce the rate of rice germination, growth of root length and bud length and amylase activity.2.. The effects of arsenic treatment (0-5mg/L) and glyphosate treatment (0-5mg/L) on the biomass, antioxidant system, carbon metabolism and arsenic absorption of rice seedlings were studied by solution culture. The results showed that both arsenic and glyphosate significantly inhibited the growth of rice seedlings, reduced rice plant height, chlorophyll SPAD value, and fresh ground and root fresh. Heavy and root vitality. Arsenic stress reduced the antioxidant stress of rice seedlings and increased the content of MDA. However, low concentration glyphosate treatment improved the ability of antioxidant stress in rice, reduced the content of MDA, and increased the content of MDA in high concentration glyphosate treatment. There was no significant interaction between arsenic and glyphosate treatment on the content of MDA in rice. Under single treatment conditions, 1mg/LAs treatment decreased, and 5mg/LAs treatment increased the content of soluble sugar and sucrose in rice stem and leaf, while glyphosate treatment decreased the content of sugar and sugar content in rice stem and leaf except low concentration (1mg/L), and no significant activity of arsenic and glyphosate treatment on rice SPS enzyme activity. However, high concentration of arsenic and glyphosate significantly increased the activity of SS enzyme. Arsenic and glyphosate treatment had significant interaction between soluble sugar content and SPS enzyme activity, both increased soluble sugar content and reduced the activity of SPS enzyme. High concentration of glyphosate (5mg/L) reduced the content of As in rice stem and root.1mg/L. Under the condition of As and 5mg/L As treatment, the content of arsenic in rice root and stem and leaf treated with 5mg/L glyphosate were 55.1%, 89.6% (root) and 77.5%, 84.3% (upper ground).3. using soil culture method. The process, yield and mineral quality of arsenic treatment (0-80mg/L) and glyphosate treatment (0-16mg/L) single and combined treatment on rice growth period, yield and mineral quality were studied. The effects of nutrient content and the absorption and accumulation of arsenic showed that arsenic and glyphosate treatment significantly inhibited the growth of rice, reduced rice plant height and chlorophyll content, postponed the growth period of rice. Arsenic stress reduced rice yield, arsenic and glyphosate treatment had synergistic effect, resulting in further reduction in rice yield. Arsenic stress was significantly reduced. The content of N, P and K in the stems and leaves of rice plants was reduced. The content of N, P and K in the roots and stems of rice at the tillering stage was significantly interacted with the content of arsenic and glyphosate. The content of N, P and K in the roots and stems of rice at the tillering stage decreased further, but the interaction of N, P and K in the mature rice plants was not significant. The arsenic treatment was significantly improved. The content of Fe and Mn in rice stems, husks and brown rice at mature stage, but decreased the content of Cu and Zn, and glyphosate treatment significantly reduced the content of Fe and Mn in the mature rice stem, hull and brown rice, and increased the content of Zn. The arsenic and glyphosate pollution had significant interaction effects on the content of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in mature rice. Glyphosate promoted the absorption of arsenic in rice at tillering stage, but had no significant effect on the content of arsenic in heading and maturing stage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X503.231

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前1條

1 劉萍;;草甘膦污染水稻植株的癥狀及預(yù)防建議[A];農(nóng)作物藥害預(yù)防及控制技術(shù)研討會(huì)論文集[C];2005年

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本文編號(hào)：2089095