本文選題：大氣污染物 + 呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病　； 參考：《蘭州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：空氣污染已成為社會(huì)各界和公眾廣泛關(guān)注的主要環(huán)境問題之一,為了讓公眾能夠更加直觀地理解發(fā)布的空氣污染信息,并能真正指導(dǎo)居民的健康出行,構(gòu)建能真實(shí)反映空氣質(zhì)量及其與健康效應(yīng)密切相關(guān)的空氣綜合評(píng)價(jià)指數(shù),具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。為此,本研究收集2001-2009年蘭州市逐日的大氣污染、氣象因素及呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病和心腦血管疾病日入院人數(shù),進(jìn)行相關(guān)分析和主成分分析,并進(jìn)一步利用時(shí)間序列分析方法的半?yún)?shù)廣義相加模型(GAM)建立大氣污染與不同疾病不同人群(全人群、性別和年齡別)的健康暴露反應(yīng)關(guān)系,參考加拿大構(gòu)建空氣污染健康指數(shù)(AQHI)的方法構(gòu)建蘭州市不同疾病不同人群的AQHI,取得一些有價(jià)值的研究成果。(1)大氣污染與不同疾病不同人群的相關(guān)分析和主成分分析,結(jié)果表明呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病除16-64y人群外,其余人群均受S02影響最大且均為正效應(yīng),16-64y人群受PM10最大負(fù)效應(yīng)影響；NO2對(duì)所有人群的影響均為負(fù)效應(yīng)。心腦血管疾病所有層次人群均受PM1o影響最大,其次為S02,且均為負(fù)效應(yīng)。(2)大氣污染與人群健康暴露反應(yīng)關(guān)系研究表明,大氣污染對(duì)不同疾病不同人群的影響均具有一定的滯后效應(yīng)。對(duì)呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病,S02和N02滯后0-7d、PM10滯后2-6d對(duì)不同人群的影響較大,污染物每增加1個(gè)四分位間距(IQR),人群日入院人數(shù)分別增加5.4%～8.0%、3.0%～6.6%和1.0%～3.7%；對(duì)心腦血管疾病,S02滯后1-7d、N02滯后0-5d以及PMlo滯后1-6d對(duì)不同人群影響較大,相對(duì)危險(xiǎn)度(RR)分別為0.972～1.012、0.977～1.020和1.005～1.014,且不具統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。(3)根據(jù)構(gòu)建呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病和心腦血管疾病不同人群逐日AQHI進(jìn)行分級(jí),結(jié)果表明,不同人群AQHI處于低度風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、中度風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、高度風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和重度風(fēng)險(xiǎn)級(jí)別的天數(shù)分別占總天數(shù)的比例為82.5%-84.9%、13.0%-15.1%、2.1%～2.4%和0%；不同人群AQHI-xn處于低度風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、中度風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、高度風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和重度風(fēng)險(xiǎn)級(jí)別的天數(shù)分別占總天數(shù)的比例為81.9%-99.5%、0.4%-10.8%、0.1%-2.5%和0%。(4)對(duì)AQHI、AQI和API三種指數(shù)對(duì)居民健康預(yù)測(cè)能力的研究表明,指數(shù)每上升1個(gè)IQR,不同人群患呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病入院的人數(shù)分別增加2.1%-31.0%、0.0%-0.1%和0.0%～0.1%；不同人群患心腦血管疾病入院的人數(shù)分別增加2.1%-14.7%、0.0%～0.1%和0.0%～0.1%,說明AQHI預(yù)測(cè)居民健康的能力較AQI和API強(qiáng),且對(duì)呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病的影響較心腦血管疾病更強(qiáng)。綜上所述,蘭州市大氣污染對(duì)人群健康的影響具有一定的滯后效應(yīng),研究期間不同疾病不同人群AQHI處于低度風(fēng)險(xiǎn)級(jí)別的比例較高,與AQI和API相比,AQHI能更加全面的反映空氣質(zhì)量并指導(dǎo)公眾健康出行。
[Abstract]:Air pollution has become one of the major environmental problems that the community and the public have paid close attention to. In order to make the public understand the air pollution information more intuitively and guide residents to travel healthily, It is of great practical significance to construct an air comprehensive evaluation index which can truly reflect air quality and is closely related to health effects. Therefore, this study collected daily air pollution, meteorological factors, respiratory diseases and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Lanzhou from 2001 to 2009, and carried out correlation analysis and principal component analysis. Furthermore, the semi-parametric generalized additive model (GAM) of time series analysis was used to establish the relationship between air pollution and the health exposure response of different populations with different diseases (whole population, sex and age). According to the method of constructing air pollution health index (AQHI) in Canada, the AQHII of different populations with different diseases in Lanzhou City was constructed, and some valuable research results were obtained. (1) correlation analysis and principal component analysis between air pollution and different populations of different diseases, The results showed that the respiratory diseases were most affected by S02 in all the population except 16-64y and were all positive effects. The effects of no _ 2 on all the population were all negative. All levels of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were most affected by PM1o, followed by S02, and were all negative effects. (2) the relationship between air pollution and human health exposure response was studied. Air pollution has a lag effect on different diseases and different population. For respiratory diseases, S02 and N02 delayed 0-7 days and PM10 delayed 2-6 days for different population groups. For each increase of 1 quartile spacing (IQR) of pollutants, the number of admission per day increased by 5.48.0% and 3.0% and 1.0% and 3.7%, respectively. For cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, the lag of S02 and PMlo were 0-5 days and 1-6 days, respectively. The relative risk (RR) was 0.9721,9077,1.020 and 1.005 / 1.014, respectively, and there was no statistical significance. (3) according to the different populations of respiratory diseases and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, AQHI was classified on a daily basis. The results showed that different populations were at low risk of AQHI. The proportion of days of moderate risk, high risk and severe risk to the total number of days is 82.5-84.9, respectively. The number of days in the middle risk, high risk and severe risk level is 13.0-15.12.41% and 0.The AQHI-xn of different people is at low risk, moderate risk, The proportion of days of high risk and severe risk to the total number of days was 81.9 -99.5%, 0.4-10.8% and 0.1% -2.5% and 0%, respectively. (4) the study on the ability of AQHIHIAQI and API to predict residents' health showed that For each increase of IQR, the number of patients with respiratory diseases in different population groups increased by 2.1% -31.0% and 0.0-0.1% and 0.00.1%, respectively. The number of patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in different population increased by 2.1% -14.70.The results showed that AQHI was stronger than AQI and API in predicting residents' health, and the influence on respiratory diseases was stronger than that on cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. To sum up, the effects of air pollution on population health in Lanzhou City have a certain lag effect. During the study period, the proportion of AQHI in different diseases and different population groups was higher than that in the low risk level. Compared with AQI and API, AQHI can reflect air quality more comprehensively and guide public healthy travel.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X51

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 艾雪儒;馬少群;劉培成;;801例煤工粉塵接塵工人的心電圖分析及相關(guān)研究[J];工業(yè)衛(wèi)生與職業(yè)病;2014年06期

，

本文編號(hào)：2077175