本文選題：多環(huán)芳烴 + 健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)�。� 參考：《河南師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：多環(huán)芳烴(Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)具有長(zhǎng)期殘留性、生物蓄積性、高毒性以及致癌、致畸、致突變效應(yīng)和環(huán)境“雌性化”效應(yīng),對(duì)人類(lèi)健康和水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)危害巨大,已成為一個(gè)倍受關(guān)注的全球性環(huán)境問(wèn)題。河南省是我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大省,也是我國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的主產(chǎn)省份。因此以農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中土壤和植物中的PAHs為研究對(duì)象,揭示土壤中PAHs的污染特征及其影響因素,定量解析土壤中PAHs來(lái)源,探索PAHs在農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中遷移的規(guī)律,評(píng)價(jià)其生態(tài)和健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。為實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)田安全生產(chǎn)目標(biāo),鞏固和提升河南省的農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)地位以及為國(guó)家糧食提供安全保障,主要研究結(jié)果如下:1、獲嘉農(nóng)田土壤中PAHs含量范圍為6.91 ng/g~106 ng/g,平均含量28.6 ng/g,與荷蘭農(nóng)業(yè)土壤標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和國(guó)內(nèi)外其他地區(qū)土壤中PAHs含量相比,獲嘉農(nóng)田土壤中PAHs污染水平較低;內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)表明獲嘉農(nóng)田土壤中PAHs不存在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。土壤中PAHs的組成以2~3環(huán)PAHs為主,占PAHs總量的45.4%~56.2%。因子分析/多元線(xiàn)性回歸定量解析獲嘉農(nóng)田土壤中PAHs45.3%來(lái)自化石燃料燃燒,32.9%來(lái)自生物質(zhì)燃燒,未知污染源貢獻(xiàn)21.8%。2、泌陽(yáng)農(nóng)田土壤中PAHs含量含量范圍為45.0 ng/g~211 ng/g,平均含量為139ng/g,高于獲嘉農(nóng)田土壤中PAHs含量,但低于荷蘭農(nóng)業(yè)土壤標(biāo)準(zhǔn),且與國(guó)內(nèi)外其他地區(qū)土壤中PAHs含量相比,污染水平仍較低。內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)表明泌陽(yáng)農(nóng)田土壤中PAHs不存在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。泌陽(yáng)農(nóng)田土壤中PAHs的組成與獲嘉農(nóng)田土壤中PAHs組成類(lèi)似,均以2~3環(huán)PAHs為主,占PAHs總量的76.7%。因子分析/多元線(xiàn)性回歸定量解析泌陽(yáng)農(nóng)田土壤中48.1%PAHs來(lái)自于生物質(zhì)燃燒和燃煤,37.9%來(lái)自機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē),未知污染源貢獻(xiàn)14.0%。與相比,泌陽(yáng)農(nóng)田土壤中PAHs不存在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。3、小麥不同組織中ΣPAHs含量范圍為13.9 ng/g~50.9 ng/g,其含量沿根-稈-籽粒依次降低。玉米不同組織中ΣPAHs含量高于相應(yīng)小麥組織中PAHs含量,但(除葉外)不同組織中PAHs含量差異不明顯。研究地區(qū)小麥和玉米中PAHs含量明顯低于其他地區(qū)植物中PAHs含量。小麥和玉米各組織(除葉外)中PAHs濃度與土壤中PAHs濃度顯著相關(guān),小麥與玉米各組織(除葉外)中PAHs來(lái)自于土壤中吸收的PAHs。小麥和玉米不同組織(除葉外)中均以2~3環(huán)PAHs含量最高,與相應(yīng)土壤中PAHs組成特征類(lèi)似。2~4環(huán)PAHs含量沿根-稈-籽粒呈逐漸增加表明其更易由土壤中向植物中遷移,而5~6環(huán)PAHs相反趨勢(shì)表明其較難發(fā)生遷移;此外,玉米葉中PAHs組成特征與其他組織不同,表明其PAHs來(lái)源的不同。小麥根對(duì)PAHs的生物富集能力最強(qiáng),而其籽粒富集能力最弱,而玉米不同組織對(duì)PAHs的富集能力差異不明顯。且小麥根、玉米根對(duì)土壤中PAHs的生物富集與其本身理化性質(zhì)并不相關(guān)。4、運(yùn)用終生癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增量(ILCRs)模型對(duì)獲嘉和泌陽(yáng)農(nóng)田土壤中的PAHs進(jìn)行健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià),其致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)低于USEPA規(guī)定的可接受的致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)下限;兒童整體總暴露致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)稍高于成人整體暴露致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn),口腔和呼吸攝入為PAHs致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的主要暴露途徑。獲嘉玉米的CRI值最高,值超過(guò)了USEPA規(guī)定的可接受的致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)上限,致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相對(duì)較嚴(yán)重。而獲嘉小麥和泌陽(yáng)玉米的CRI值在10-6≤CRI≤10-4之間,不具備嚴(yán)重的致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
[Abstract]:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has long residue, bioaccumulation, high toxicity and carcinogenesis, teratogenicity, mutagenicity and environmental "feminization" effect, which have great harm to human health and aquatic ecosystem. It has become a global environmental problem that has become a major concern. Henan province is a major agricultural province in China. It is the main producing province of agricultural products in China. Therefore, taking the PAHs of soil and plant in the farmland ecosystem as the research object, it reveals the pollution characteristics of PAHs in the soil and its influencing factors, quantitatively analyzes the source of PAHs in the soil, explores the law of the migration of PAHs in the farmland ecosystem, and evaluate its ecological and health risks, in order to realize the safe production of farmland. Objective, to consolidate and enhance the basic agricultural status of Henan province and to provide security for national grain. The main results are as follows: 1, the range of PAHs content in farmland soil in Huojia is 6.91 ng/g~106 ng/g, with an average content of 28.6 ng/g. Compared with the agricultural soil standard in Holland and the content of PAHs in the soil in his region, P in Huojia farmland soil The pollution level of AHs was low, and the Nemero comprehensive pollution index showed that there was no ecological risk in the farmland soil of Huojia. The composition of the soil in the soil was 2~3 ring PAHs, and the 45.4%~56.2%. factor analysis / multiple linear regression analysis of total PAHs was a quantitative analysis. The PAHs45.3% from the farmland soil in Huojia was from the combustion of fossil fuels, and 32.9% from the biomass combustion. The contribution of unknown pollution sources 21.8%.2, the content of PAHs content in farmland soil in Biyang is 45 ng/g~211 ng/g, the average content is 139ng/g, higher than the content of PAHs in Huojia farmland soil, but lower than the standard of Holland agricultural soil, and the pollution level is still low compared with the soil PAHs content in other areas. There was no ecological risk in the farmland soil of Biyang. The composition of PAHs in the farmland soil of Biyang was similar to the composition of PAHs in the farmland soil in Huojia, all of which were 2~3 ring PAHs, accounting for the total PAHs total of 76.7%. factor analysis / multiple linear regression analysis. The 48.1%PAHs from Biyang farmland was from biomass combustion and coal combustion, and 37.9% came from motor vehicles. There was no ecological risk.3 in farmland soil PAHs in Biyang, and the content range of sigma PAHs in different tissues of wheat was 13.9 ng/g~50.9 ng/g, and the content of sigma PAHs in different tissues of wheat decreased in turn. The content of sigma PAHs in different maize tissues was higher than that of PAHs in the corresponding wheat tissues, but the PAHs content was poor in different tissues (except leaves). The content of PAHs in wheat and Maize in the study area was significantly lower than the content of PAHs in other plants. The concentration of PAHs in the wheat and maize tissues (except leaves) was significantly correlated with the concentration of PAHs in the soil. The PAHs from the wheat and maize tissues (except leaves) was derived from the PAHs. wheat and different maize tissues (except leaves) in the soil. The content of PAHs in 2~3 ring is the highest, which is similar to the composition of PAHs in the corresponding soil, which is similar to the PAHs content of.2~4 ring along the root - stem - grain, indicating that it is more easily migrated from the soil to the plant, and the opposite trend of 5~6 ring PAHs indicates that it is difficult to migrate. In addition, the characteristics of PAHs composition in maize leaves are different from other tissues, indicating the difference of its PAHs origin. Wheat root has the strongest bioaccumulation ability to PAHs, and its grain enrichment ability is the weakest, but the difference of PAHs enrichment ability of different maize tissues is not obvious. And the bioaccumulation of PAHs in soil is not related to its physical and chemical properties by wheat root and maize root, and.4 is not related to its physical and chemical properties. The lifetime cancer risk increment (ILCRs) model has been used in Huojia and Biyang farmland soil. PAHs in the soil was evaluated for health risk, which was lower than the acceptable cancer risk lower limit prescribed by USEPA; the risk of total exposure to total exposure in children was slightly higher than that of adult exposure risk, and oral and respiratory intake was the main exposure to the risk of PAHs carcinogenesis. The highest CRI value of jiayyu was higher than that of USEPA. The upper limit of the risk of carcinogenesis is relatively serious, and the CRI value of Huojia wheat and Biyang corn is between 10-6 and CRI less than 10-4, and there is no serious carcinogenic risk.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X53;X173

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本文編號(hào)：2044387