本文選題：氨氮 + 吸附��； 參考：《中央民族大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本研究將吸附法與介電泳技術(shù)相結(jié)合,建立了一種新型氨氮去除工藝并探究了其去除機(jī)理及運(yùn)行條件。本研究主要分為四個方面：(1)在多種天然廢棄物中篩選適宜吸附材料及其最佳制備條件研究；(2)吸附材料對水中氨氮的吸附性能及機(jī)理研究；(3)吸附-介電泳工藝條件與機(jī)理探究；(4)吸附-介電泳去除水中氨氮的中試放大裝置設(shè)計與組裝。在吸附材料篩選及制備研究中,主要得出三個重要結(jié)論：(1)通過測定氨氮去除效果,對14種天然廢棄物進(jìn)行吸附材料的篩選,確定炭化玉米芯為最佳吸附劑。(2)炭化玉米芯制備的條件探索實驗表明,產(chǎn)率隨著炭化溫度的升高、炭化時間的延長均逐漸下降,炭化玉米芯比表面積隨炭化溫度升高而增大,在相同炭化溫度下,炭化時間為30min時炭化玉米芯比表面積最大,不同炭化溫度下制備的炭化玉米芯表面均存在含氧官能團(tuán)。(3)通過炭化玉米芯產(chǎn)率、比表面積、形貌及紅外光譜分析,尤其對氨氮去除效果進(jìn)行評估,確定炭化玉米芯最佳制備條件為炭化溫度為300℃,炭化時間為30min。深入研究了炭化玉米芯對氨氮吸附性能及機(jī)理。首先,通過考察吸附效果,確定了吸附工藝的最佳條件：炭化玉米芯投加量為10g/L,pH值6.77(不加酸堿調(diào)節(jié)),吸附平衡時間為360min。結(jié)論如下：(1)炭化玉米芯對氨氮的吸附動力學(xué)行為符合準(zhǔn)二級吸附動力學(xué)模型及顆粒內(nèi)擴(kuò)散模型,吸附分為兩個階段：伴隨外表面吸附的膜擴(kuò)散控制階段及內(nèi)擴(kuò)散階段,過程中存在化學(xué)吸附。(2)吸附熱力學(xué)行為符合Freundlich模型及D-R模型,吸附反應(yīng)易于進(jìn)行,物理和化學(xué)吸附共存。(3)熱力學(xué)參數(shù)Gibbs自由能△G0,吸附焓△H0,熵AS0,該吸附過程為可自發(fā)進(jìn)行的熵增吸熱反應(yīng)。(4)炭化玉米芯吸附氨氮前后SEM表征及紅外光譜分析表明,吸附后炭化玉米芯整體粒徑變小,表面變得較為粗糙,出現(xiàn)仲胺C-N鍵的伸縮振動和彎曲震動,表明存在氨氮吸附于炭化玉米芯表面。建立了吸附-介電泳處理氨氮廢水的新方法,探索了工藝條件對去除效果的影響規(guī)律。首先,通過實驗在三類電極中篩選了100目鈦絲網(wǎng)電極為最佳電極,介電泳池構(gòu)型為截流式時氨氮去除效果最好。主要得出以下結(jié)論：(1)吸附-介電泳處理后氨氮去除效果比單純吸附的增量,隨吸附時間延長均逐漸增大,確定吸附時間為360min。(2)吸附-介電泳處理后氨氮去除效果及其增量也隨吸附劑投加量增大均逐漸增大,確定吸附劑投加量為10g/L。(3)吸附-介電泳處理時,氨氮去除率隨電壓升高逐漸增加,增至20V后去除率變化不大,懸浮液基本澄清,確定介電泳電壓為20V。(4)氨氮去除率隨著介電泳停留時間的延長而增大,考慮能耗,確定介電泳停留時間為30min,氨氮去除率提高了38.19%。(5)根據(jù)SEM表征結(jié)果,在介電泳處理過程中,吸附了氨氮的炭化玉米芯發(fā)生了介電捕獲,結(jié)合介電泳技術(shù)后,氨氮去除率的提高可能是由于介電泳促進(jìn)了氨氮在炭化玉米芯微粒表面的吸附。在中試裝置設(shè)計及實驗中,根據(jù)小試工藝實驗結(jié)果,按照幾何放大的方法設(shè)計計算吸附處理池、介電泳處理池構(gòu)造及尺寸,使用AutoCAD軟件繪制裝置設(shè)計圖。確定主材、輔料、加工方式以及入水、連接方式及電極放置連接方式。完成吸附-介電泳中試裝置的組裝,并在其中進(jìn)行了吸附、吸附-介電泳中試實驗。實驗結(jié)果表明該中試裝置可成功用于水中氨氮的去除。
[Abstract]:In this study, a new ammonia nitrogen removal process was established and the removal mechanism and operating conditions were explored by combining adsorption and dielectrophoresis. This study was divided into four aspects: (1) screening suitable adsorbents in a variety of natural wastes and the optimum preparation conditions; (2) adsorption properties of ammonia nitrogen in water. And mechanism research; (3) study on the conditions and mechanism of adsorption - dielectrophoresis; (4) the design and assembly of the pilot scale amplifier for removing ammonia nitrogen from water by adsorption electrophoresis. In the selection and preparation of adsorbents, three important conclusions are obtained: (1) screening for the adsorption materials of 14 natural wastes by determining the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen. It is determined that the carbonized corncob is the best adsorbent. (2) the conditions for the preparation of the carbonized corn core have shown that with the increase of carbonization temperature, the carbonization time prolongs gradually, and the specific surface area of the carbonized corn core increases with the increase of carbonization temperature. At the same carbonization temperature, the carbonized cob is the most specific surface area when the carbonization time is 30min. There are oxygen containing functional groups on the surface of carbonized corncob prepared at different carbonization temperatures. (3) through the carbonized corncob yield, specific surface area, morphology and infrared spectrum analysis, especially the effect of ammonia nitrogen removal, the optimum preparation conditions of the carbonized corn core are the carbonization temperature of 300, and carbonization time of 30min. to study the carbonization. First, the best conditions for the adsorption process were determined by the adsorption effect. The dosage of the cob was 10g/L, the pH value was 6.77 (without acid-base regulation), and the adsorption equilibrium time was 360min. as follows: (1) the adsorption kinetics of ammonia nitrogen by carbonized corn cob was in accordance with the quasi two adsorption kinetics Model and particle diffusion model, adsorption is divided into two stages: chemical adsorption in membrane diffusion and internal diffusion phase with external surface adsorption. (2) adsorption thermodynamic behavior conforms to Freundlich model and D-R model, adsorption reaction is easy to carry out, physical and chemical adsorption coexist. (3) thermodynamic parameter Gibbs free energy delta G0 The adsorption enthalpy Delta H0 and entropy AS0, the adsorption process is a spontaneous entropy increasing heat absorption reaction. (4) the SEM characterization and infrared spectrum analysis of the carbonized corncob before and after the adsorption of ammonia nitrogen shows that the overall particle size of the carbonized corncob is smaller and the surface becomes more rough after adsorption, and the expansion vibration and bending vibration of the secondary amine C-N bond show that the presence of ammonia nitrogen is adsorbed on carbon. A new method for the treatment of ammonia nitrogen wastewater by adsorption dielectrophoresis was established. The effect of process conditions on the removal efficiency was explored. First, 100 mesh titanium mesh electrodes were selected as the best electrode in three kinds of electrodes, and the effect of ammonia nitrogen removal was the best when the structure of dielectric swimming pool was intercepted. The following conclusions were drawn as follows: (1) After adsorption - dielectrophoresis, the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen was increased gradually with the increase of adsorption time. The adsorption time was 360min. (2) and the removal efficiency and increment of ammonia nitrogen were gradually increased with the increase of the dosage of adsorbents, and the dosage of adsorbents was 10g/L. (3) adsorption - electrophoresis treatment. The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen increased gradually with the increase of voltage, and the removal rate changed little after increasing to 20V. The suspension solution was basically clarified and the removal rate of the dielectric voltage was 20V. (4). The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen increased with the extension of the diphoretic residence time, considering the energy consumption, determining the residence time of 30min, and increasing the ammonia nitrogen removal rate by 38.19%. (5) according to the SEM characterization results. In the process of dielectric electrophoretic treatment, the dielectric capture of the carbonized corncob of ammonia nitrogen has been adsorbed. The increase of ammonia nitrogen removal rate may be due to the enhancement of the adsorption of ammonia nitrogen on the surface of the cob particles. In the design and experiment of the pilot plant, according to the geometric magnification side. The method is designed and calculated for the adsorption pool, the structure and size of the pool, and the design diagram of the device is drawn by AutoCAD software. The main material, the auxiliary material, the processing way and the way of water entry, connection and electrode placement are used. The assembly of the test device for the adsorption - dielectrophoresis is completed, and the adsorption, the adsorption - dielectrophoresis test experiment and the experiment are carried out. The results show that the pilot plant can be successfully applied to remove ammonia nitrogen in water.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X703

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