本文選題：人與自然 + 馬克思主義自然觀　； 參考：《中共浙江省委黨�！�2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)今社會科學(xué)技術(shù)飛快發(fā)展,人們物質(zhì)文化生活得到了極大的滿足,與此同時,環(huán)境污染、生態(tài)失衡的問題也層出不窮,給人類生存帶來了巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。深入研究馬克思主義自然觀的由來、形成,以及在當(dāng)代的新發(fā)展,能夠為我們在探討馬克思主義自然觀、從理論上來分析人與自然和諧相處時打開了新的思路。首先,本文介紹了馬克思主義自然觀產(chǎn)生的背景以及理論淵源,人類生產(chǎn)生活活動的展開、自然科學(xué)的發(fā)展,人們在對于自然的認(rèn)識上已經(jīng)落后于時代,古代樸素唯物主義自然觀、黑格爾客觀唯心主義辯證法自然觀、費爾巴哈人本主義自然觀等對于人與自然關(guān)系揭示已不能說明當(dāng)前現(xiàn)實,不能滿足人類社會發(fā)展的需要。然后,本文通過說明馬克思對于傳統(tǒng)自然觀的揚棄,具體分析了馬克思主義自然觀的基本內(nèi)容,馬克思認(rèn)為,自然是人類存在的前提,人是自然的一部分,而正是通過勞動的進行才促進了人與自然、自然與社會的統(tǒng)一。在馬克思看來,自然界的存在與發(fā)展有其自身的規(guī)律,人類應(yīng)該尊重其規(guī)律,違背自然規(guī)律正是人與自然相對抗的認(rèn)識論根源。人只有遵守自然規(guī)律,不妄圖去創(chuàng)造自然、統(tǒng)治自然,與自然進行和解,人類才能真正的享有自然賜予我們的一切,人與自然才能和諧發(fā)展。最后,本文探討了20世紀(jì)以來的兩大主要的馬克思主義自然觀點:西方馬克思主義自然觀和生態(tài)學(xué)馬克思主義。以法蘭克福學(xué)派為代表的西方馬克思主義學(xué)者們提出生態(tài)危機理論,強調(diào)“異化”、工具理性對人與自然關(guān)系的破壞,主張人們需要改變消費觀,用美學(xué)原則來美化自然,同時轉(zhuǎn)變?nèi)祟惿a(chǎn)模式�！吧鷳B(tài)學(xué)馬克思主義”流派在繼承和發(fā)展法蘭克福學(xué)派生態(tài)危機理論的基礎(chǔ)上引入生態(tài)學(xué)的觀點,強調(diào)資本主義的進一步發(fā)展必然會導(dǎo)致自然資源的銳減、生態(tài)平衡的破壞,人與自然矛盾的激化。他們研究擺脫異化消費怪圈的方案,建立“穩(wěn)態(tài)經(jīng)濟模式”,由高污染的資本主義過渡到“穩(wěn)態(tài)經(jīng)濟的社會主義”。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, with the rapid development of science and technology, people's material and cultural life has been greatly satisfied. At the same time, the problems of environmental pollution and ecological imbalance have emerged in endlessly, which has brought great challenges to the survival of human beings. A thorough study of the origin, formation and new development of Marxist view of nature, as well as its new development, can open a new way for us to explore Marxist view of nature and analyze the harmony between man and nature in theory. First of all, this paper introduces the background and theoretical origin of Marxist concept of nature, the development of human production and life activities, the development of natural science, and people's understanding of nature has fallen behind the times. The natural view of ancient simple materialism, Hegel's objective idealist dialectics and Feuerbach's humanistic view of nature can no longer explain the present reality and meet the needs of the development of human society. Then, by explaining Marx's sublation of the traditional view of nature, this paper concretely analyzes the basic content of the Marxist view of nature. Marx believes that nature is the premise of human existence, and that man is a part of nature. And it is through labor to promote the unity of man and nature, nature and society. In Marx's view, the existence and development of nature has its own laws, and human beings should respect its laws, which is the epistemological root of the confrontation between man and nature. Only by obeying the laws of nature, not attempting to create nature, ruling nature, and conciliating with nature, can human beings truly enjoy everything that nature has given us, and man and nature can develop harmoniously. Finally, this paper discusses two major Marxist natural viewpoints since the 20th century: Western Marxist natural view and ecological Marxism. The western Marxist scholars, represented by Frankfurt School, put forward the theory of ecological crisis, emphasizing "alienation" and the destruction of the relationship between man and nature by instrumental rationality. They argued that people need to change their consumption view and beautify nature with aesthetic principles. At the same time change the mode of human production. On the basis of inheriting and developing the theory of ecological crisis of Frankfurt school, the school of "ecological Marxism" introduces the viewpoint of ecology, and emphasizes that the further development of capitalism will inevitably lead to the sharp decrease of natural resources and the destruction of ecological balance. The intensification of the contradiction between man and nature. They studied how to get rid of the strange circle of dissimilatory consumption, set up a "steady state economy model", and transition from highly polluting capitalism to "steady economy socialism".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共浙江省委黨校
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：A81;X2

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