本文選題：擾動(dòng) + 上覆水��； 參考：《安徽工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前我國地表水污染嚴(yán)重,其中淺水河湖大都遭到不同程度的污染,不僅對(duì)淺水河湖的水環(huán)境健康造成了嚴(yán)重的危害,更成為江海等大面積水域的污染源,因此,淺水河湖的污染修復(fù)一直是環(huán)境保護(hù)的重要研究課題。現(xiàn)有的修復(fù)技術(shù)可分為針對(duì)上覆水的清水置換、曝氣復(fù)氧等,以及針對(duì)底泥的底泥疏浚、底泥掩蔽等,其不足在于對(duì)象單一、底泥污染釋放導(dǎo)致上覆水水質(zhì)復(fù)原快、凈化效率低和效果持續(xù)時(shí)間短等,為此,本文進(jìn)行了污染河湖修復(fù)技術(shù)的探索和試驗(yàn)研究。本課題提出了一種新的污染河湖修復(fù)新技術(shù)—間歇式強(qiáng)擾動(dòng)技術(shù),該技術(shù)旨在通過間歇式強(qiáng)擾動(dòng)迫使富含污染物和微生物的底泥再懸浮,并分散在上覆水中,底泥中微生物吸附氧化水中污染物質(zhì),促進(jìn)上覆水與底泥物質(zhì)交換,改變水中溶解氧分布,從而使污染水體中的底泥和上覆水得到同步凈化。為考察不同擾動(dòng)條件下上覆水及底泥中污染物質(zhì)含量變化及底泥形態(tài)變化,研究了擾動(dòng)速率、擾動(dòng)持續(xù)時(shí)間、擾動(dòng)頻率、溫度等因素對(duì)間歇式強(qiáng)擾動(dòng)技術(shù)的泥水凈化效果的影響,并在優(yōu)化參數(shù)組合條件下進(jìn)行了不同污染水體的泥水凈化試驗(yàn),在實(shí)驗(yàn)室試驗(yàn)效果較好的前提下,進(jìn)行了野外試驗(yàn)研究,為將間歇式強(qiáng)擾動(dòng)技術(shù)應(yīng)用于實(shí)際工程中,初步設(shè)計(jì)了污染水體泥水同步凈化工程應(yīng)用裝置。實(shí)驗(yàn)室試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:1)上覆水中污染物質(zhì)呈快速升高-逐步降低-波動(dòng)穩(wěn)定的變化規(guī)律,這主要是由于:原底泥中污染物質(zhì)釋放并溶解在上覆水中,底泥中污染物質(zhì)含量減小,在此期間微生物得到馴化和增殖,此后大量微生物的吸附氧化作用降低了上覆水和底泥中污染物含量,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)污染上覆水和底泥的同步凈化。2)擾動(dòng)速率和擾動(dòng)持續(xù)時(shí)間對(duì)泥水凈化效果影響顯著。擾動(dòng)速率越大,擾動(dòng)持續(xù)時(shí)間越長,上覆水-底泥之間物質(zhì)交換越充分,泥水同步凈化效果越顯著,較為經(jīng)濟(jì)合理的擾動(dòng)速率和擾動(dòng)持續(xù)時(shí)間分別為90r·min-1和60s。3)上覆水和底泥溫度在5~20℃范圍內(nèi),泥水凈化效果隨溫度的增加而提高,在20~30℃范圍內(nèi),溫度的提高對(duì)泥水凈化效果的影響不明顯,間歇式強(qiáng)擾動(dòng)技術(shù)適用于水溫高于20℃的環(huán)境中。4)擾動(dòng)頻率對(duì)泥水同步凈化效果影響不明顯。5)在優(yōu)化參數(shù)組合條件下,探討了不同污染水體的泥水同步凈化效果,試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,間歇式強(qiáng)擾動(dòng)技術(shù)對(duì)污染上覆水中COD、氨氮的去除率分別可達(dá)75.2%和58.1%,溶解氧含量由2.00mg·L-1以下升高至5.00mg·L-1以上,底泥中SCOD和燒失量的去除率分別可達(dá)76.8%和70.0%,達(dá)到了泥水同步凈化的效果。在實(shí)驗(yàn)室試驗(yàn)效果較好的基礎(chǔ)上,在安徽省馬鞍山市萬嘉河和東昌河進(jìn)行了野外試驗(yàn)研究,結(jié)果表明:間歇式強(qiáng)擾動(dòng)技術(shù)對(duì)萬嘉河上覆水中COD和氨氮的去除率分別為65.7%和76.6%,底泥中SCOD和氨氮的去除率分別為76.4%和78.9%;對(duì)東昌河上覆水中COD和氨氮的去除率分別為72.0%和82.9%,底泥中SCOD和氨氮的去除率分別為84.2%和68.4%,泥水同步凈化效果顯著。在系統(tǒng)論的設(shè)計(jì)思想指導(dǎo)下,基于結(jié)構(gòu)功能原理,篩選出優(yōu)化后的污染水體泥水同步修復(fù)裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)方案。水體修復(fù)船包括船體、擾動(dòng)、水草收割、漂浮物收集等多個(gè)系統(tǒng),并簡要介紹了該水體修復(fù)船的使用方法,為間歇式強(qiáng)擾動(dòng)技術(shù)的工程應(yīng)用提供提供參考和指導(dǎo),并在此基礎(chǔ)上申請(qǐng)發(fā)明專利一項(xiàng)。
[Abstract]:At present, the surface water pollution is serious in our country, of which the shallow water rivers and lakes are mostly polluted by different degrees, which not only cause serious harm to the water environment health of shallow rivers and lakes, but also become the source of pollution in the large area of river and sea. Therefore, the remediation of shallow water river and lake has always been an important research subject of environmental protection. It is divided into the water replacement of overlying water, aeration and reoxygenation, as well as the dredging of the bottom mud and the masking of the bottom mud. The deficiency lies in the single object, the release of the sediment pollution leads to the rapid recovery of the water quality of the overlying water, the low efficiency of the purification and the short duration of the effect. Therefore, this paper has carried out the exploration and Experimental Research on the remediation technology of the polluted river and lake. A new technology for the remediation of polluted rivers and lakes, a new technique of intermittent strong disturbance, is proposed. This technique is designed to force the sediment of pollutants and microorganisms to be suspended by intermittent strong disturbance and dispersed in the overlying water. The microbes in the sediment are adsorbed and oxidize the pollutants in the water, promote the exchange of overlying water with the sediment, and change the solubility of water in the water. In order to investigate the sediment and overlying water in the polluted water, the sediment and overlying water in the polluted water are purified simultaneously. In order to investigate the change of the content of the pollutants and the shape of the sediment in the overlying water and the sediment under different disturbance conditions, the effects of the disturbance rate, the duration of disturbance, the frequency and temperature of the disturbance on the purification effect of the mud water in the intermittent strong disturbance technology are studied. The mud water purification test of different polluted water was carried out under the optimized parameter combination condition. Under the condition of good experimental results, the field experiment was carried out. In order to apply the intermittent strong disturbance technology to the actual project, a preliminary design of the application device for the sludge water purification engineering in the polluted water body was designed. The results are as follows: 1) the pollution substances in the overlying water are rapidly increasing - gradually decreasing - the variation of the fluctuation and stability, which is mainly due to the release of the pollutants in the original sediment and dissolved in the overlying water, and the decrease of the content of the contaminated material in the sediment. During this period, the microorganism is domesticated and proliferated. After that, the adsorption and oxidation of a large number of microorganisms have been reduced. The amount of pollutants in the water and the sediment is finally realized by the simultaneous purification of the polluted water and sediment. The disturbance rate and the duration of the disturbance have a significant influence on the effect of the mud water purification. The greater the disturbance rate, the longer the duration of the disturbance, the more sufficient material exchange between the overlying water and the sediment, the more obvious effect of the mud water purification, the more economical and reasonable disturbance. The dynamic rate and the duration of the disturbance are 90r min-1 and 60s.3 respectively. The overlying water and the bottom mud temperature are in the range of 5~20 C. The effect of water purification increases with the increase of temperature. In the range of 20~30, the effect of temperature on the effect of water purification is not obvious. The intermittent strong disturbance technique is applicable to the disturbance frequency of the water temperature above 20 degrees C). The effect of rate on the effect of water synchronous purification is not obvious.5) under the optimized parameter combination conditions, the effect of simultaneous purification of mud water in different polluted water bodies is discussed. The experimental results show that the removal rate of COD and ammonia nitrogen in the polluted overlying water can be 75.2% and 58.1% respectively, and the dissolved oxygen content is increased from below 2.00mg to 5.00mg to L. Above -1, the removal rate of SCOD and burning loss in the sediment can reach 76.8% and 70% respectively, and the effect of simultaneous purification of mud water is achieved. On the basis of good experimental results in the laboratory, the field tests are carried out in the Wanjia River and the East Changchang River in Ma'anshan, Anhui Province. The results show that the intermittent strong disturbance technology has the COD and ammonia nitrogen in the overlying water of the Wanjia river. The removal rates of SCOD and ammonia nitrogen in the sediment are 76.4% and 78.9%, respectively, and the removal rates of COD and ammonia nitrogen in the overlying water of the Dongchang River are 72% and 82.9%, respectively, and the removal rates of SCOD and ammonia in the sediment are 84.2% and 68.4% respectively. In this paper, the structural design of the optimized equipment for the restoration of water water in polluted water is selected. The water restoration ship includes the hull, disturbance, water and grass harvesting, and the collection of floating objects, and gives a brief introduction to the method of using the restoration ship for the water body, providing reference and guidance for the engineering application of the intermittent strong disturbance technology. On this basis, an application for a patent for the invention of a patent is applied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X52

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