本文選題：廚房垃圾 + 破碎除雜　； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)居民生活水平的不斷提高,城市生活垃圾的產(chǎn)生量與日俱增,生活垃圾合理化處理處置問題亟待解決。作為垃圾資源化利用的最佳處置方式之一廚房有機(jī)垃圾厭氧產(chǎn)沼能源化利用技術(shù)已被廣泛研究及應(yīng)用。然而,受我國(guó)居民生活方式和分類意識(shí)的影響,分類后的廚房垃圾中雜質(zhì)率依然較高,未經(jīng)破碎除雜處理的廚房垃圾如果直接進(jìn)行厭氧發(fā)酵不僅會(huì)降低厭氧產(chǎn)沼反應(yīng)器的生物質(zhì)傳質(zhì)與轉(zhuǎn)化效率,而且極易導(dǎo)致厭氧消化反應(yīng)器徹底崩潰。為有效降低廚房垃圾雜質(zhì)含量,確保廚房垃圾厭氧產(chǎn)沼反應(yīng)器設(shè)備的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行,本研究以杭州市分類產(chǎn)生的廚房垃圾為研究對(duì)象,設(shè)計(jì)與加工了一套廚房垃圾破碎除雜成套化裝置,并開展了聯(lián)機(jī)調(diào)試與優(yōu)化試驗(yàn)。主要研究結(jié)果如下：(1)系統(tǒng)分析了杭州市城市生活垃圾分類產(chǎn)生的廚房垃圾理化性質(zhì)。通過對(duì)杭州市廚房垃圾理化性質(zhì)調(diào)研與分析發(fā)現(xiàn),廚房垃圾可腐有機(jī)質(zhì)組分平均達(dá)到68.36%,生物質(zhì)中VS/TS高達(dá)71.43%,C/N平均值為15,表明廚房垃圾所含生物質(zhì)可作為有機(jī)廢棄物厭氧產(chǎn)沼能源化利用理想的材料；然而,分類產(chǎn)生的廚房垃圾雜質(zhì)率高達(dá)30%以上,主要包括塑料、紡織物類、木竹類、玻璃類、磚瓦陶瓷類等,這些雜質(zhì)的存在將嚴(yán)重制約其通過厭氧產(chǎn)沼工藝實(shí)現(xiàn)能源化利用。(2)以廚房垃圾生物質(zhì)高效破碎和分步分段除雜理念為依據(jù),提出兩套廚房垃圾破碎除雜成套化裝置概念設(shè)計(jì)方案,開展了廚房垃圾破碎、除雜、勻質(zhì)于一體的廚房垃圾生物質(zhì)純化裝置的設(shè)計(jì),并進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析和評(píng)估。在此基礎(chǔ)上,選擇立式預(yù)處理裝置概念設(shè)計(jì)方案,系統(tǒng)計(jì)算了各功能單元尺寸及功能參數(shù),設(shè)計(jì)裝置的總體尺寸為1.6 m×1.6 m×3.5m,整機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)所耗理論功率為41.91 kW,理論處理量為5t/h,單位物料處理理論比能耗為8.4 kW·h/t-垃圾。(3)運(yùn)用三維Solidworks軟件,結(jié)合傳統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù),構(gòu)建虛擬樣機(jī),同時(shí)運(yùn)用FEA有限元分析對(duì)功能零件校核優(yōu)化。開展了以虛擬樣機(jī)為依據(jù),完成各零部件材料選型、加工、裝配和樣機(jī)聯(lián)機(jī)調(diào)試審核。并以模擬垃圾為試驗(yàn)對(duì)象,進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化功能區(qū)運(yùn)行參數(shù)。模擬試驗(yàn)表明,裝置整機(jī)運(yùn)行可實(shí)現(xiàn)重物質(zhì)去除率91%以上,生物質(zhì)純化率99%,整機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)調(diào)試運(yùn)行效果達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)要求。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of living standard of our country, the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) is increasing day by day, and the problem of disposal of MSW should be solved urgently. As one of the best disposal methods of garbage resource utilization, the energy utilization technology of anaerobic production marsh of kitchen organic waste has been widely studied and applied. However, influenced by the lifestyle and classification consciousness of the residents in China, the impurity rate in the classified kitchen garbage is still relatively high. Direct anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste without crushing and impurity removal will not only reduce the biomass mass transfer and conversion efficiency of anaerobic biogas reactor, but also lead to the complete collapse of anaerobic digestion reactor. In order to effectively reduce the impurity content of kitchen garbage and ensure the stable operation of the reactor equipment for kitchen garbage anaerobic production, this study took the kitchen garbage produced by the classification of Hangzhou as the research object. A complete set of kitchen garbage crushing and impurity removal device was designed and processed, and on-line debugging and optimization tests were carried out. The main results are as follows: (1) the physicochemical properties of kitchen garbage produced by the classification of urban domestic waste in Hangzhou were analyzed systematically. Based on the investigation and analysis of the physical and chemical properties of kitchen garbage in Hangzhou, it is found that, The average content of organic matter in kitchen garbage is 68.36%, and the average value of VS / TS in biomass is 71.43% C / N = 15, which indicates that the biomass contained in kitchen garbage can be used as an ideal material for the energy utilization of organic waste anaerobic production marsh. The rate of impurities produced by the classification of kitchen garbage is as high as 30%, mainly including plastics, textiles, wood and bamboo, glass, brick and tile ceramics, etc. The presence of these impurities will seriously restrict their energy utilization through anaerobic production marsh process.) based on the concept of efficient crushing of kitchen waste biomass and step by step removal of impurities, This paper puts forward two sets of conceptual design schemes of kitchen garbage crushing and impurity removal plant. The design of kitchen garbage crushing, removing and homogenizing kitchen garbage biomass purification device is carried out, and the comparative analysis and evaluation are carried out. On this basis, the conceptual design scheme of the vertical preprocessing device is selected, and the dimensions and parameters of each function unit are calculated systematically. The overall size of the design device is 1.6 m 脳 1.6 m 脳 3.5 m, the theoretical power consumption of the whole machine is 41.91 kW, the theoretical processing capacity is 5 t / h, the specific energy consumption of unit material treatment theory is 8.4 kW ht- garbage. At the same time, FEA finite element analysis is used to optimize the verification of functional parts. Based on virtual prototyping, the material selection, machining, assembly and on-line debugging of parts and components are completed. The running parameters of the functional area are further optimized by taking the simulated garbage as the experimental object. The simulation results show that the removal rate of heavy matter can be over 91%, and the purification rate of biomass is 99%. The design and commissioning of the whole machine can meet the design requirements.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X799.3

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本文編號(hào)：2021994