本文選題：水蘊(yùn)草 + Pb　； 參考：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：中國工業(yè)化的迅猛發(fā)展在給人類帶來生活改善的同時(shí)也帶來了嚴(yán)重的重金屬污染問題,其中有色金屬冶煉產(chǎn)業(yè)所帶來的高污染重金屬問題尤為突出。有色冶煉廢水中的重金屬成分復(fù)雜且含量較高,據(jù)初步調(diào)查,有色冶煉廢水中的Pb、Cd含量約為10-300mg/L,高濃度的重金屬含量給企業(yè)的污染治理帶來了嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn)。目前,有色金屬冶煉廢水的處理方法主要有中和法、硫化法、鐵鹽除砷法、吸附法、膜法等,但受經(jīng)濟(jì)條件和自身技術(shù)的限制,每種方法都有一定的局限性,植物修復(fù)技術(shù)以其經(jīng)濟(jì)適用、無二次污染的優(yōu)勢很快成為治理重金屬的主流技術(shù)。因此尋找合適的植物是植物修復(fù)的關(guān)鍵問題,具有理論和實(shí)踐的意義。本研究利用沉水植物—水蘊(yùn)草來處理不同濃度的Pb、Cd污水,系統(tǒng)研究了水蘊(yùn)草對Pb、Cd的富集及其耐性機(jī)制,為水蘊(yùn)草應(yīng)用于高濃度Pb、Cd有色冶煉廢水的治理提供理論基礎(chǔ),并為水蘊(yùn)草對Pb、Cd的耐性機(jī)制提供一定的科學(xué)依據(jù)和參考價(jià)值。通過前期研究,得到了以下主要研究成果：1.采用半靜態(tài)試驗(yàn)方法,研究水蘊(yùn)草在9天的水培試驗(yàn)中對不同濃度Pb(0、5,10,20,40,80,100,120mg/L)、Cd(0,0.5,1,5,10,20,40mg/L)的富集量并用原子吸收分光光度計(jì)測定水蘊(yùn)草體內(nèi)的Pb、Cd含量。結(jié)果表明,在9天的水培實(shí)驗(yàn)中,水蘊(yùn)草對Pb的富集量達(dá)到最大值10355mg/g(DW),水蘊(yùn)草對Cd的富集量達(dá)到最大值3015mg/g(DW),均達(dá)到了超富集植物對PB、Cd的臨界含量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(Pb 1 OOOmg/kg= 1 mg/g, Cd 1 OOmg/kg=0.1 mg/g),能夠耐受較高濃度的Pb、Cd污染水體,可以用來處理較高濃度含Pb、Cd的有色冶煉廢水。2.研究不同濃度Pb、Cd對水蘊(yùn)草生化指標(biāo)的影響,并用紫外可見分光光度計(jì)對生化指標(biāo)進(jìn)行測定。結(jié)果表明,水蘊(yùn)草受到不同濃度Pb、Cd脅迫均導(dǎo)致體內(nèi)葉綠素a、葉綠素b、類胡蘿卜素含量減少,游離脯氨酸含量增加,丙二醛含量升高。這些指標(biāo)都是水蘊(yùn)草在受到Pb、Cd脅迫時(shí)所表現(xiàn)出的適應(yīng)機(jī)制。3.用差速離心法研究Pb、Cd在水蘊(yùn)草亞細(xì)胞中的分布,并用原子吸收分光光度計(jì)對Pb、Cd在水蘊(yùn)草亞細(xì)胞的含量進(jìn)行測定。結(jié)果表明,Pb在水蘊(yùn)草體內(nèi)的分布規(guī)律為細(xì)胞壁細(xì)胞器與膜可溶性部分,Cd在水蘊(yùn)草體內(nèi)的分布規(guī)律為細(xì)胞壁可溶性部分細(xì)胞器與膜,其中細(xì)胞壁是Pb、Cd的主要貯存部位。所以,細(xì)胞壁的固化作用可能是水蘊(yùn)草對Pb、Cd的耐性機(jī)制之一。4用化學(xué)試劑逐步提取法分析Pb、Cd存在的化學(xué)形態(tài),并用原子吸收分光光度計(jì)對Pb、Cd在水蘊(yùn)草不同化學(xué)形態(tài)的含量進(jìn)行測定。結(jié)果表明,Pb在水蘊(yùn)草體內(nèi)的分布規(guī)律為鹽酸提取態(tài)醋酸提取態(tài)氯化鈉提取態(tài)去離子水提取態(tài)乙醇提取態(tài)殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)。Cd在水蘊(yùn)草體內(nèi)的分布規(guī)律為氯化鈉提取態(tài)醋酸提取態(tài)水提取態(tài)乙醇提取態(tài)鹽酸提取態(tài)殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)。綜上表明水蘊(yùn)草體內(nèi)的Pb主要以鹽酸提取態(tài)、醋酸提取態(tài)和氯化鈉提取態(tài)為主,Cd主要以氯化鈉提取態(tài)、醋酸提取態(tài)和水提取態(tài)為主。5.對Pb、Cd在水蘊(yùn)草細(xì)胞壁、細(xì)胞器及膜中的化學(xué)形態(tài)進(jìn)行,并用原子吸收分光光計(jì)對Pb、Cd含量進(jìn)行測定。結(jié)果表明,細(xì)胞壁中Pb的賦存形態(tài)主要以鹽酸提取態(tài)和醋酸提取態(tài)為主,細(xì)胞器和膜中的Pb主要以氯化鈉和醋酸提取態(tài)為主,而細(xì)胞壁、細(xì)胞器及膜中Cd的賦存形態(tài)主要以氯化鈉和醋酸提取態(tài)為主。6.綜上表明水蘊(yùn)草主要通過將Pb與草酸鹽和磷酸鹽相結(jié)合,將Cd與蛋白質(zhì)結(jié)合態(tài)或吸附態(tài)和磷酸鹽相結(jié)合,從而將其束縛在細(xì)胞壁中,限制了Pb、Cd進(jìn)入細(xì)胞內(nèi)部,從而減輕了Pb、Cd對水蘊(yùn)草的毒害,增強(qiáng)了水蘊(yùn)草對Pb、Cd的耐性。此外,脯氨酸含量的升高也在一定程度上反映了水蘊(yùn)草對Pb、Cd的抗逆性。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of China's industrialization has brought serious heavy metal pollution to human beings, while the heavy metal pollution caused by the non-ferrous metal smelting industry is particularly prominent. The heavy metals in the non-ferrous smelting wastewater are complex and high in content. According to the preliminary investigation, the Pb, Cd in the non-ferrous smelting wastewater The content of the heavy metal content of high concentration has brought a severe test to the pollution control of enterprises. At present, the treatment methods of non-ferrous metal smelting wastewater mainly include neutralization, vulcanization, iron salt removal, adsorption and membrane, but limited by economic conditions and self technology, each method has some limitations and plant repair is limited. With its economic application, the advantage of no two pollution has quickly become the mainstream technology of controlling heavy metals. Therefore, it is of theoretical and practical significance to find suitable plants for phytoremediation. This study uses submerged plants - water plants to treat different concentrations of Pb, Cd sewage, and systematically studies the enrichment of Pb and Cd. The set and its tolerance mechanism provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of high concentration Pb, Cd non-ferrous smelting wastewater, and provide a scientific basis and reference value for the tolerance mechanism of Pb and Cd. Through the previous study, the following main research results are obtained: 1. the semi static test method is used to study the water content of water in 9 days. The concentration of Pb (0,5,10,20,40,80100120mg/L) and Cd (0,0.5,1,5,10,20,40mg/L) with different concentrations and the content of Pb and Cd in the water content were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer in the culture experiment. The results showed that in the 9 day hydroponic experiment, the enrichment of Pb was reached the maximum value 10355mg/g (DW) in the 9 day hydroponics experiment, and the enrichment of Cd was reached the maximum. The value 3015mg/g (DW) has reached the critical content standard of PB, Cd (Pb 1 OOOmg/kg= 1 mg/g, Cd 1 OOmg/kg=0.1 mg/g), and can tolerate higher concentration Pb, and Cd polluted water can be used to deal with the high concentration of non-ferrous smelting wastewater. The results showed that the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid content decreased, free proline content increased, and the content of malondialdehyde increased in different concentrations of Pb and Cd stress, all of which were the difference in the adaptation mechanism of.3. used by Pb and Cd stress. The rapid centrifugation was used to study the distribution of Pb and Cd in the subcellular of water accumulation, and the content of Pb and Cd was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that the distribution of Pb in the water content grass was the cell wall organelles and the soluble part of the membrane, and the distribution law of Cd in the water content grass body was the soluble part of the cell wall. The cell wall is the main storage site of Pb and Cd, so the curing effect of the cell wall may be one of the resistance mechanism of Pb, Cd,.4 using chemical reagent to analyze the chemical form of Pb, Cd, and determine the content of Pb in different chemical forms by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that the distribution of Pb in the extracted state of hydrochloric acid was the extraction state of sodium chloride extracted state of hydrochloric acid from the extracted state of sodium chloride and the extracted state of deionized water in the extracted state of hydrochloric acid. The distribution of.Cd in the distilled state of the extracted state of ethanol in the water content of the extracted state of the extract state of the extracted state of sodium chloride was the extracted state of the extracted state of hydrochloric acid extracted state of the extracted state of acetic acid from the distilled state of acetic acid. The results showed that the Pb in the aqueous herb body was in a comprehensive way. The main use of hydrochloric acid extraction state, acetic acid extraction state and sodium chloride extraction state, Cd mainly with sodium chloride extraction state, acetic acid extraction state and water extraction state as the main.5. on Pb, Cd in the cell wall, organelles and membrane chemical morphology of Cd, and the determination of Pb and Cd content by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results show that the cell wall of Pb in the wall. The main forms are extraction state of hydrochloric acid and extraction state of acetic acid. The main Pb in organelles and membranes are sodium chloride and acetic acid, while the main forms of cell wall, organelles and membrane Cd are mainly sodium chloride and acetic acid extraction state as the main.6., which mainly through the combination of Pb with oxalate and phosphate, and Cd with Cd. Binding to the protein binding state or adsorbed state and phosphate, binding it to the cell wall, limiting the Pb and Cd into the cell, thus reducing the toxicity of Pb, Cd to the herb, and enhancing the tolerance to Pb and Cd. In addition, the increase of proline content also reflects the resistance to Pb and Cd in a certain degree.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X173;X758

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