本文選題：餐廚垃圾滲濾液 + 高鐵酸鉀�。� 參考：《吉首大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：餐廚垃圾滲濾液組成復雜,具有有機物濃度高、無機鹽含量豐富、氨氮濃度高、各種微量元素含量豐富等特點,如不及時有效處理,將造成極大的環(huán)境危害。本文通過采用從吉首大學某學生食堂收集的餐廚垃圾,經(jīng)厭氧發(fā)酵產(chǎn)生高濃度的餐廚垃圾滲濾液,研究餐廚垃圾滲濾液基本特性隨發(fā)酵時間的變化規(guī)律,采用高鐵酸鉀處理和微生物燃料電池處理兩種方法研究了其對餐廚垃圾滲濾液的處理效果,得到了如下結(jié)果:(1)以吉首大學某學生食堂的餐廚垃圾為原料,通過8周厭氧發(fā)酵形成了COD濃度和NH4+-N濃度分別高達140.6 g/L和16.2 g/L的高濃度的餐廚垃圾滲濾液;(2)采用超聲輔助化學合成法快速制備了純度高達98.3%、產(chǎn)率達到68.2%的K2Fe O4。以K2Fe O4為水處理劑,對初始COD濃度為140.6 g/L的餐廚垃圾滲濾液進行處理,在單因素實驗的基礎(chǔ)上采用正交實驗得到了最佳的工藝條件:K2Fe O4投加量為0.12 mol/L、p H為8.7、處理時間為24min。在此條件下,COD和NH4+-N的平均去除率分別達到80.4%和75.9%。并對K2Fe O4去除餐廚垃圾滲濾液中有機污染物和NH4+-N的機理進行了初步探討。認為K2Fe O4對餐廚垃圾滲濾液中有機污染物和NH4+-N的去除都是由K2Fe O4的強氧化作用和新生成的絮狀結(jié)構(gòu)Fe(OH)3絮凝作用協(xié)同作用的結(jié)果。(3)分離篩選出一株電化學活性較好的產(chǎn)電菌F026。該產(chǎn)電菌屬于Pseudomonas屬,適宜生長溫度范圍為20-40oC,最適宜生長溫度為30-35oC;生長p H范圍為5-9,最適p H生長范圍為8-9,適合作為微生物燃料電池的高效產(chǎn)電菌。(4)研究了底物種類和濃度對以F026為陽極產(chǎn)電菌的MFC的產(chǎn)電性能的影響。在同樣的條件下,白糊精為底物的MFC內(nèi)阻小、啟動快、輸出電壓和功率密度較小,而可溶性為底物的MFC內(nèi)阻大、啟動慢、輸出電壓和功率密度大。濃度低于6g/L時,可溶性淀粉為底物的MFC達到穩(wěn)定開路電壓的時間隨濃度增大而增加;濃度低于8g/L時,白糊精為底物的MFC達到穩(wěn)定開路電壓的時間隨濃度增大而增加。但由于底物抑制效應(yīng),濃度較高時,隨著底物濃度的增加,MFC達到穩(wěn)定開路電壓所需的時間反而減少。兩種底物對MFC產(chǎn)電性能的差別可能與二者的分子結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān)。(5)以高錳酸鉀溶液為MFC的陰極液、餐廚垃圾滲濾液為MFC的陽極液、F026為MFC的陽極產(chǎn)電菌,研究了MFC的產(chǎn)電性能和對餐廚垃圾滲濾液中COD的去除效果。實驗發(fā)現(xiàn),當餐廚垃圾滲濾液的COD初始濃度為50.0 g/L時,MFC的最大開路電壓達到1.14V。在外負載為105Ω時,MFC的電流密度、功率密度、庫侖效率和COD去除率分別達到69.63A/m3、16.42W/m3、58.7%和92.3%。研究表明,利用MFC處理餐廚垃圾滲濾液并產(chǎn)生生物電具有一定的可行性。
[Abstract]:The landfill leachate of food and kitchen has the characteristics of complex composition, high concentration of organic matter, rich inorganic salt, high concentration of ammonia and nitrogen, rich contents of various trace elements, and so on. If the leachate is not disposed in time and effectively, it will cause great environmental harm. In this paper, a high concentration of leachate was produced by anaerobic fermentation of kitchen garbage collected from a student canteen of Jishou University, and the basic characteristics of the leachate changed with fermentation time. The effect of potassium ferrate treatment and microbial fuel cell treatment on the leachate of kitchen garbage was studied. The results are as follows: 1) the cooking waste from a student canteen in Jishou University is used as raw material. After 8 weeks anaerobic fermentation, a high concentration of 140.6 g / L COD and 16.2g / L NH _ 4-N was obtained. The purity of K _ 2FE _ 2O _ 4 was up to 98.3% by ultrasonic assisted chemical synthesis. The yield of K2FeO _ 4 was 68.2%. Using K _ 2FE _ O _ 4 as water treatment agent, the leachate containing 140.6 g / L initial COD was treated. On the basis of single factor experiment, orthogonal experiment was used to obtain the optimum technological conditions: the dosage of 0.12 mol / L 路L ~ (-1) H was 8.7 and the treatment time was 24 min. Under these conditions, the average removal rates of COD and NH4-N reached 80.4% and 75.9% respectively. The mechanism of K2FeO4 removal of organic pollutants and NH4-N from the leachate of kitchen garbage was also discussed. It is considered that the removal of organic pollutants and NH _ 4-N by K _ 2FE _ O _ 4 in the landfill leachate is due to the strong oxidation of K _ 2FE _ O _ 4 and the synergistic effect of the newly formed flocculating structure Feo _ (OH) _ (3) on the separation and screening of an electric-producing strain F026 with good electrochemical activity. The electricity-producing bacteria belong to Pseudomonas, The optimum growth temperature range is 20-40oC, the optimum growth temperature is 30-35oC, the growth pH range is 5-9, and the optimal pH growth range is 8-9. The effect of MFC on the electrical properties of the most electrically producing bacteria. Under the same conditions, the MFC with white dextrin as substrate has small internal resistance, fast starting, low output voltage and power density, while the soluble substrate has large internal resistance, slow starting, and high output voltage and power density. When the concentration was lower than 6 g / L, the time of reaching stable open circuit voltage of MFC with soluble starch as substrate increased with the increase of concentration, and when the concentration was lower than 8 g / L, the time of reaching stable open circuit voltage of MFC with white dextrin as substrate increased with the increase of concentration. However, with the increase of substrate concentration, the time required for MFC to stabilize the open circuit voltage decreases with the increase of substrate concentration due to the substrate inhibition effect. The difference between the two kinds of substrates on the electric properties of MFC may be related to their molecular structure.) the cathode solution of MFC is potassium permanganate solution, and the anodic solution F026 is the anode solution of MFC, and the anodic solution F026 of cooking waste leachate is the anode producing bacteria of MFC. The electric performance of MFC and the removal effect of COD in the leachate of kitchen garbage were studied. It was found that the maximum open circuit voltage of MFC was 1.14V when the initial COD concentration of the landfill leachate was 50.0 g / L. When the load is 105 惟, the current density, power density, Coulomb efficiency and COD removal rate of MFC reach to 58.7% and 92.3% respectively. The results show that it is feasible to use MFC to treat the leachate and produce bioelectricity.
【學位授予單位】：吉首大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X799.3

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