本文選題：城市生活垃圾 + 生物干化��； 參考：《武漢理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會的快速發(fā)展,城市生活垃圾及其引發(fā)的環(huán)境污染已成為當(dāng)前城市建設(shè)與發(fā)展中迫切需要解決的重大問題之一。利用水泥窯特有的高溫、長流程與堿性環(huán)境特點協(xié)同處置城市生活垃圾,不僅處置的無害化環(huán)保效果好,而且處置后的殘留物可全部成為水泥生產(chǎn)原燃料,是當(dāng)今世界水泥技術(shù)和城市生活垃圾處置技術(shù)發(fā)展的重要方向。生物干化技術(shù)作為水泥窯協(xié)同處置城市生活垃圾的核心技術(shù)之一,不僅能夠去除垃圾中的吸附水和自由水,還能夠有效的去除生物結(jié)合水,極大的降低垃圾的含水率,提高干化效率和產(chǎn)物RDF(Refuse Derived Fuel,簡稱RDF)的熱值。但是生物干化技術(shù)的影響因素較多,工藝不成熟,導(dǎo)致該技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)化應(yīng)用過程中出現(xiàn)干化穩(wěn)定性較差,易生成二次污染物等問題。針對這些問題,本論文以城市生活垃圾為研究對象,研究了初始堆積參數(shù)、外加碳源、微生物菌劑對城市生活垃圾生物干化的影響,設(shè)計了一套城市生活垃圾生物干化工藝優(yōu)化方法并研究了這種方法的優(yōu)化效果。研究結(jié)果表明:在生物干化初期,通過調(diào)整垃圾堆體的初始堆積參數(shù)能夠有效改善堆體的氣體循環(huán)效率和通過速率,進(jìn)而提高垃圾堆體的溫度和微生物活躍程度。研究結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)堆積率為75%、堆積密度為0.51×103kg/m3時,垃圾的溫度最高提升到67℃,微生物含量提升到1.25×108cfu/g。與未經(jīng)過優(yōu)化堆積參數(shù)制備的垃圾干化產(chǎn)物相比,優(yōu)化后產(chǎn)物RDF的含水率降至33%,熱值提高了130%達(dá)到12000 kJ/kg。在生物干化初期,通過添加外源菌種能有效解決生物干化前期菌種生長和繁殖速率較低,數(shù)量較少的問題。研究結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)外源菌種與滲濾液的體積比為3:1時,獲得的微生物菌劑菌種含量最高達(dá)到2.4×108cfu/g,對垃圾堆體的水分去除率最大達(dá)到49.3%;添加外源菌劑后,堆體干化中期菌種的數(shù)量提升46%達(dá)到1.5×108cfu/g。干化結(jié)束時,與空白組相比,試驗產(chǎn)物RDF的含水率降至32.5%,熱值提高了105.3%達(dá)到11800 kJ/kg。在生物干化中期,通過添加碳源可以解決城市生活垃圾生物干化中后期可分解有機(jī)物不足的問題。研究結(jié)果表明,木屑更利于微生物分解補(bǔ)充碳源,對城市生活垃圾生物干化后期的促進(jìn)作用較大;添加木屑后,堆體干化后期溫度不降反升,最高達(dá)到34℃,而且微生物的活躍程度提高,菌種數(shù)量最高達(dá)到1.3×108cfu/g。干化結(jié)束時,與空白組相比,試驗產(chǎn)物RDF的含水率降至34%,熱值提高了100.2%達(dá)到11500kJ/kg。根據(jù)生物干化不同時期的特點,采用不同的優(yōu)化方法,能夠起到優(yōu)化生物干化工藝,提高垃圾生物干化效率的目的。研究結(jié)果表明,采取初期調(diào)整堆積參數(shù),添加外源微生物菌劑,中期添加碳源這種協(xié)同優(yōu)化工藝能夠顯著提升垃圾溫度累積效果,累積溫度最高可達(dá)387.8℃·d;并且高溫持續(xù)時間較長達(dá)到9天;大幅度提升微生物的活躍程度,在干化中期,菌種數(shù)量提升56.2%達(dá)到1.6×108cfu/g。干化結(jié)束時,與空白組相比,RDF含水率降至31%,熱值提高了146.1%達(dá)到熱值提高到12800 kJ/kg,領(lǐng)先于國外RDF熱值的平均值。本文研究結(jié)果可為城市生活垃圾生物干化技術(shù)工藝的優(yōu)化和應(yīng)用提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy and society, municipal solid waste and its environmental pollution have become one of the most urgent problems to be solved in the construction and development of the city. Moreover, the residue can all become the raw fuel for cement production, and it is an important direction for the development of the world cement technology and municipal solid waste disposal technology. As one of the core technologies of the municipal solid waste disposal, the biological drying technology can not only remove the adsorptive water and free water in the garbage, but also be effective. Removal of biological combined water, greatly reducing the water content of waste, and improving the drying efficiency and the calorific value of the product RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel, RDF). However, there are many factors affecting the biological drying technology, and the technology is not mature, which leads to the problems of poor drying stability and easy generation of two pollutants in the application process of the technology. In this paper, taking urban domestic waste as the research object, the effect of initial accumulation parameters, external carbon source and microbial inoculant on the biological drying of municipal solid waste is studied. A set of optimization methods for the biological drying process of municipal solid waste is designed and the optimization effect of this method is studied. By adjusting the initial accumulation parameters of the garbage dump, the gas cycle efficiency and passing rate can be effectively improved, and then the temperature of the garbage heap and the microbial activity are improved. The results show that when the accumulation rate is 75% and the accumulation density is 0.51 x 103kg/m3, the maximum temperature of the garbage is raised to 67, and the microbial content is raised to the soil. The moisture content of the optimized product RDF decreased to 33%, and the calorific value increased by 130% to 12000 kJ/kg. at the early stage of biological drying. The problem of low growth rate and low number of reproduction in the early stage of biological drying could be effectively solved by adding 1.25 * 108cfu/g. to the waste dry products without optimized accumulation parameters. The results showed that when the volume ratio of the exogenous bacteria and leachate was 3:1, the highest microbial inoculant content reached 2.4 x 108cfu/g and the maximum water removal rate to the garbage dump reached 49.3%. After adding the exogenous bacteria, the number of mid-term strains increased by 46% to the end of 1.5 x 108cfu/g. drying, compared with the blank group. The moisture content of RDF was reduced to 32.5%, and the calorific value increased by 105.3% to 11800 kJ/kg. at the middle of biological drying. By adding carbon source, the problem of decomposable organic matter in the middle and late stages of municipal solid waste could be solved. After the addition of wood chips, the later temperature of the heap drying did not descend, up to 34 degrees, and the activity of microbes increased and the number of bacteria was up to 1.3 x 108cfu/g. drying. Compared with the blank group, the moisture content of the test product RDF decreased to 34%, and the calorific value increased by 100.2% to 11500kJ/kg. according to the biological drying. According to the characteristics of different periods, different optimization methods can be used to optimize the biological drying process and improve the efficiency of dry biomass drying. The results show that the cumulative effect of garbage temperature can be significantly enhanced by the initial adjustment of accumulation parameters, the addition of exogenous microbial agents and the medium of carbon source in the medium term. The highest degree of temperature is up to 387.8. D, and the duration of high temperature is up to 9 days. When the active degree of microorganism is increased, the water content of RDF is reduced to 31%, the calorific value is up to 12800 kJ/kg, and the heat value is up to 12800 kJ/kg compared with that of the blank group at the middle stage of drying, and the heat value is up to 12800 kJ/kg, leading to the foreign RDF heat. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for the optimization and application of municipal solid waste biological drying technology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X799.3

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