本文選題：化學(xué)修復(fù) + 鉛　； 參考：《湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：礦產(chǎn)資源的不適當(dāng)開采與冶煉是引起環(huán)境重金屬污染的一個(gè)主要方面,礦區(qū)重金屬污染具有面積廣、復(fù)合污染、含量高、潛伏性大、土壤肥力退化等特點(diǎn)。目前針對(duì)單一鉛、鎘的穩(wěn)定修復(fù)研究較多,但多金屬復(fù)合污染中鉛鎘同時(shí)鈍化穩(wěn)定修復(fù)的研究較少。本文通過篩選對(duì)礦區(qū)污染土壤中鉛鎘達(dá)到同時(shí)鈍化的化學(xué)穩(wěn)定劑,并對(duì)穩(wěn)定劑進(jìn)行復(fù)配,優(yōu)化鈍化修復(fù)的工藝參數(shù)以獲得最佳的鈍化效果,并對(duì)修復(fù)后土壤穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。主要的研究結(jié)果如下：(1)通過對(duì)磷酸鹽類、工業(yè)廢棄物類、粘土礦物類鈍化劑進(jìn)行篩選比對(duì),首選Ca(H_2PO_4)_2與蒙脫石為主要穩(wěn)定劑。通過單一與復(fù)配試驗(yàn)研究表明：?jiǎn)我籆a(H_2PO_4)_2對(duì)礦區(qū)土壤鉛鎘修復(fù)效果較好,有效態(tài)鉛和鎘的鈍化率分別為70.05%和69.55%。1：1復(fù)合蒙脫石后,減少了50%的Ca(H_2PO_4)_2用量,對(duì)礦區(qū)土壤有效態(tài)鉛和鎘的鈍化率分別為71.32%和65.10%。(2)礦區(qū)污染土壤鉛鎘最佳修復(fù)工藝參數(shù)為：復(fù)合磷基材料[Ca(H_2PO_4)_2:蒙脫石=1：1],添加量為5%,含水率為50%,陳化時(shí)間60d,對(duì)土壤中重金屬鉛鎘有效態(tài)鈍化效果分別為82.23%和70.08%。(3)通過Tessier五步形態(tài)分析表明,添加單一Ca(H_2PO_4)_2及復(fù)合磷基材料后土壤中鉛離子態(tài)、碳酸鹽結(jié)合態(tài)、鐵錳氧化態(tài)濃度顯著降低,殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)鉛含量顯著增加；土壤中鎘離子態(tài)、鐵錳氧化態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉�(wěn)定的有機(jī)結(jié)合態(tài)。證明磷基材料能明顯將土壤重金屬形態(tài)由生物有效態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化為有機(jī)態(tài)與殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)等穩(wěn)定態(tài)。(4)單一Ca(H_2PO_4)_2鈍化,土壤穩(wěn)定后pH值降低1.43～3.29個(gè)單位,復(fù)合磷基材料鈍化后土壤pH值降低0.67～2.57個(gè)單位。土柱淋溶的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：鈍化后鉛鎘能有效控制在表層土壤,減少土壤鉛徑向遷移。復(fù)合磷基材料較單一Ca(H_2PO_4)_2相比,降低了砷的活化遷移,且深層土壤及淋溶液中磷含量無明顯增加。(5)通過對(duì)鈍化前后土壤進(jìn)行XRD分析,結(jié)果表明：Ca(H_2PO_4)_2鈍化修復(fù)后,土壤中鉛鎘生成較難溶的絡(luò)合物。Ca(H_2PO_4)_2和蒙脫石復(fù)合鈍化修復(fù),使土壤鉛鎘生成難溶化合物Pb_3(PO_4)_2、Cd_3(PO_4)_2之外,更加降低了礦區(qū)土壤中PbAs_2O_6含量。
[Abstract]:Improper mining and smelting of mineral resources is one of the main aspects of environmental heavy metal pollution. Heavy metal pollution in mining area has the characteristics of wide area, complex pollution, high content, high latency, soil fertility degradation and so on. At present, there are many studies on the stabilization of single lead and cadmium, but there are few studies on the simultaneous passivation and stabilization of lead and cadmium in polymetallic complex pollution. In this paper, the chemical stabilizers of lead and cadmium in polluted soils of mining area were screened, and the stabilizer was compounded to optimize the technological parameters of passivation and repair to obtain the best passivation effect, and to evaluate the stability of the soil after restoration. The main results are as follows: (1) by screening and comparing the passivating agents of phosphate, industrial waste and clay minerals, CaH2PO4Snap2 and montmorillonite are preferred as the main stabilizers. The results of single and complex experiments show that the single CaH2POS4S _ 2 has a better effect on the remediation of lead and cadmium in the soil of the mining area. The passivation rates of available lead and cadmium are 70.05% and 69.55. 1: 1 respectively, and the amount of CaH2PO4 _ 4 _ 2 is reduced by 50% after the compound montmorillonite is composed of CaOH2PO-4# _ 2, and the passivation rates of available lead and cadmium are 70.05% and 69.55. 1: 1: 1 respectively. The passivation rate of available lead and cadmium in mine soil is 71.32% and 65.10% respectively.) the optimum technological parameters for the remediation of lead and cadmium in contaminated soil in mining area are as follows: compound phosphorus based material [CaH2PO4# _ 2: montmorillonite 1: 1], addition amount of 5, moisture content of 50, aging time of 60 days, and heavy weight to the soil. The passivation effects of the active state of lead and cadmium were 82.23% and 70.08%, respectively. The results of Tessier five-step speciation analysis showed that the passivation effect of lead and cadmium was 82.23% and 70.08% respectively. After the addition of single CaH2PO4K2 and the composite phosphorus base material, the concentration of lead ion, carbonate bound state, iron manganese oxide state and residual lead content in the soil decreased significantly, and the cadmium ion state and iron manganese oxide state in the soil changed into stable organic bound state. It was proved that the phosphorus based material could change the form of heavy metal from bioavailable state to organic state and residue state, etc.) the single CaH2PO4 / T _ 2 was passivated, and the pH value of soil was reduced by 1.43 ~ 3.29 units after stabilization. The soil pH value decreased by 0.67 ~ 2.57 units after passivation. The experimental results of soil column leaching showed that the passivated lead and cadmium could effectively control the surface soil and reduce the radial migration of lead in the soil. The composite phosphorous base material reduced the activation and migration of arsenic, and the phosphorus content in the deep soil and leaching solution was not significantly increased. Compared with the single Cah2PO4, the XRD analysis of the soil before and after passivation was carried out. The results showed that after passivated restoration, the content of phosphorus in the deep soil and leaching solution was not significantly increased. The complex of lead and cadmium in the soil, CaOH _ 2P _ 4C _ 2, and montmorillonite were passivated and repaired, which resulted in the formation of the insoluble compound Pb _ (3) O _ (4) O _ (4) O _ (4), and decreased the content of PbAs2O6 in the soil of the mining area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X53

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