本文選題：公路交通污染 + 公路生態(tài)��； 參考：《長安大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來隨著我國公路里程數(shù)和機動車數(shù)量的逐年增加,公路交通造成的污染也越來越嚴重。車輛產(chǎn)生的噪聲、排放的廢氣、產(chǎn)生的揚塵等會對交通環(huán)境產(chǎn)生噪聲污染、大氣污染以及水污染等,這些污染會對公路周邊的植物生長發(fā)育產(chǎn)生影響,使植物表型發(fā)生變化。本文以國道309線陜西延安富縣段和國道210線富縣段周邊植物為研究對象,基于對道路路域植物進行多樣性調查的基礎上,研究了國道309線及210線富縣段周邊土壤含水量、植物葉片滯塵量及公路交通量,并分別對主要優(yōu)勢植物的株高、根長、葉面積、根冠比等表型可塑性指標進行測定,分析了國道309線與210線富縣段路域植物的多樣性指數(shù)產(chǎn)生差異的原因;公路交通量與植物葉片滯塵量的相關性;影響主要優(yōu)勢植物表型可塑性指標差異的因素。根據(jù)結果探究了國道309線與210線公路周邊植物的生長情況及其對生境適應性的特點,揭示了公路周邊植物表型可塑性指標的差異及其原因,為研究公路生態(tài)以及周邊植物的選擇與種植提供重要的理論依據(jù)。研究結果表明:(1)通過對國道309線與210線富縣段公路周邊的植物進行樣地調查,可以看出國道309線與210線富縣段路域植物的多樣性較豐富,植物主要為草本與低矮灌木,種類主要有茵陳、灰綠藜、艾草、老鶴草及覆盆子。在這主要的五種植物中,占數(shù)量優(yōu)勢的物種為茵陳、灰綠藜和艾草。(2)通過對國道309線與210線富縣段公路交通量進行實地測定,國道309線富縣段公路的日交通量(折算為小型客車數(shù)量)為15708輛/日,210線富縣段公路的日交通量(折算為小型客車數(shù)量)為6606輛/日,根據(jù)公路等級劃分標準,雙車道二級公路的日交通量應為5000-15000輛/日,由此看出國道309線與210線為典型的雙車道二級公路。(3)國道309線與210線富縣段公路周圍,從路邊到邊坡上,隨著路距與高度的不斷增加,土壤的含水量逐漸下降,植物的辛普森多樣性指數(shù)增大。(4)國道309線與210線富縣段公路邊植物的單位葉片滯塵量和株高隨著路距與高度的增加而減少,而植物的根長增加、葉面積增大、根冠比增大。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increase of highway mileage and the number of motor vehicles, the pollution caused by highway traffic is becoming more and more serious. The noise, exhaust gas and dust produced by the vehicle will cause noise pollution, air pollution and water pollution to the traffic environment. These pollution will affect the growth and development of plants around the highway and make the plant phenotype change. In this paper, the surrounding plants of Fuxian section of Yanan County and 210 Line of National Road are taken as the research object, and the soil moisture content around Fuxian Section of National Highway 309 and Line 210 is studied on the basis of investigating the diversity of the plants in the road area. The plant leaf dust retention and road traffic were measured. The plant height, root length, leaf area, root-shoot ratio and other phenotypic plasticity indexes of the main dominant plants were measured. The reasons for the difference of plant diversity index between Fuxian section of National Highway 309 and Line 210, the correlation between highway traffic volume and plant leaf dust retention, and the factors influencing the difference of phenotypic plasticity of main dominant plants were analyzed. Based on the results, the growth of plants and their adaptability to habitat were investigated, and the differences of phenotypic plasticity indexes and their causes were revealed. It provides an important theoretical basis for the study of highway ecology and the selection and planting of surrounding plants. The results show that the plant diversity in the road area of Fuxian section of National Road 309 and 210 is rich, and the plants are mainly herbaceous and low shrub. The main species are Yinchen, Chenopodium graminearum, Artemisia, Crane grass and raspberry. Among the five main plants, the dominant species in number were Artemisia capillaris, Chenopodium graminearum and Acacia chinensis.) the traffic volume of Fuxian section of National Road 309 and Route 210 was measured on the spot. The daily traffic volume (converted to the number of minibuses) of the Fuxian section of National Road 309 is 15708 vehicles per day, and the daily traffic volume (converted to the number of minibuses) of the Fuxian Section of National Road 309 is 6606 per day. According to the standard of highway grade, the daily traffic volume of Fuxian section of National Road 309 (converted to the number of minibuses) is 6606 vehicles per day. The daily traffic volume of the two-lane second-class highway should be 5000-15000 vehicles / day, so it can be seen that the national highway 309 and 210 are typical two-lane second-class highway .zhuang3) the national highway 309 and 210 line around the Fuxian section of the highway, from the roadside to the slope, With the increasing of the distance and height of the road, the water content of the soil decreases gradually. The Simpson diversity index of plants increased. 4) the amount of dust retention per unit leaf and plant height decreased with the increase of distance and height, but the root length, leaf area and root-shoot ratio increased with the increase of road distance and height in Fuxian section of National Highway 309 and 210.
【學位授予單位】：長安大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X734;U418.9

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本文編號：2007322