本文選題：土地覆蓋 + 城市尺度��； 參考：《廣西大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：C02等溫室氣體(GHG)的增加導(dǎo)致了顯著的全球溫室效應(yīng),對全球的海岸帶、農(nóng)林牧漁業(yè)和社會經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生極大負(fù)面影響,氣候變暖引起了人們的普遍關(guān)注。城市是全球溫室效應(yīng)的重大貢獻(xiàn)者,低碳城市的建立成為當(dāng)代需求,亟需建立一套統(tǒng)一、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的,適合中國城市的碳排核算體系。據(jù)此,本研究總結(jié)國內(nèi)外土地覆蓋變化碳排效應(yīng)研究,結(jié)合遙感影像數(shù)據(jù),分析了2003-2013年間南寧市區(qū)陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)格局和碳儲量變化。同時結(jié)合IPCC、ICLEI和GPC清單概算,兼顧考慮自然源和人為源碳收支,將城市GHG的核算分為能源活動、工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程、農(nóng)業(yè)活動、林業(yè)碳匯與土地覆蓋轉(zhuǎn)變、城市廢棄物處理五大部門,建立了一套可復(fù)制、核實(shí)、報告的城市碳排放核算體系,在此基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建“土地覆蓋—碳排”的關(guān)聯(lián)框架,以人口網(wǎng)格、交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)和工業(yè)點(diǎn)位為輔助數(shù)據(jù),創(chuàng)新了碳排的空間分配方法,對基于土地覆蓋的南寧市區(qū)碳排放清單進(jìn)行空間網(wǎng)格分配,提供區(qū)域尺度的高分辨率碳排網(wǎng)格化數(shù)據(jù)。結(jié)果表明：(1)2003-2013年林地、草地、水面比例逐年降低,耕地和人工表面逐年增長；南寧市區(qū)陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)植被碳儲量為13.32TgC,植被平均碳密度達(dá)到2.07 kgC/m2,土壤碳儲量為59.79TgC,土壤平均碳密度達(dá)到9.27kgC/m2; 2003-2013年轉(zhuǎn)出率最大的為水面(轉(zhuǎn)出率16.42%),大部分被開發(fā)為耕地和人工表面。(2)2003-2013年碳排總體呈遞增趨勢,由2003年7760450tCO2曾長至2013年18504951 tCO2,年平均增長率達(dá)10.18%；2013年,一級碳收支項(xiàng)目中,能源所占比例最大(81.19%)林業(yè)碳匯和土地覆蓋轉(zhuǎn)變對總碳排貢獻(xiàn)為負(fù)(-0.70%),二級碳收支項(xiàng)目中,公路運(yùn)輸、工業(yè)能源、和水泥生產(chǎn)碳排最顯著,分別占總碳排33.67%,29.47%,10.87%。(3)能源活動部門碳排,呈遞增趨勢,從能源結(jié)構(gòu)分析,原煤和電力消耗的碳排貢獻(xiàn)最大,分別占排放總量的46.99%和36.9%,從工業(yè)行業(yè)分析,非金屬礦物制品等6個行業(yè)的碳排最為顯著,總碳排達(dá)工業(yè)能源總碳排的80%以上；林業(yè)碳匯與土地覆蓋部門中,林業(yè)碳匯逐年降低,由2003年616131 tCO2降至2013年579553 tCO2,土地覆蓋轉(zhuǎn)變造成的土壤碳排放為199038tCO2/yr,植被碳排放為251305 tCO2/yr。(4)南寧市區(qū)高碳排放企業(yè)大多分布于市中心以外區(qū)域,尤以西鄉(xiāng)塘區(qū)和江南區(qū)分布居多；碳排放強(qiáng)度與土地覆蓋類型、人口密度具有強(qiáng)相關(guān)性。
[Abstract]:The increase of CO2 has resulted in significant global Greenhouse Effect, which has a great negative impact on the global coastal zone, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery industry and social economy. Cities are the major contributors to global Greenhouse Effect, and the establishment of low-carbon cities has become a contemporary demand. It is urgent to establish a unified, standard and suitable carbon accounting system for Chinese cities. Based on this, this study summarized the carbon emission effects of land cover change at home and abroad, and analyzed the land ecosystem pattern and carbon storage change in Nanning urban area from 2003 to 2013, combined with remote sensing image data. At the same time, considering the carbon budget of natural and anthropogenic sources, the accounting of urban GHG is divided into five major sectors: energy activities, industrial production processes, agricultural activities, forestry carbon sinks and land cover transformation, and urban waste disposal, combined with the estimates of IPCC ICLEI and GPC inventory. A replicable, verifiable and reported system of accounting for urban carbon emissions was established, on the basis of which an associated framework of "land cover and carbon emissions" was constructed, with population grids, transport networks and industrial sites as supporting data. The spatial allocation method of carbon emission is innovated, and the spatial grid allocation of carbon emission inventory based on land cover in Nanning urban area is carried out to provide high-resolution carbon emission grid data at regional scale. The results showed that the proportion of forestland, grassland and water surface decreased year by year, and the cultivated land and artificial surface increased year by year from 2003 to 2013. The vegetation carbon storage of terrestrial ecosystem in Nanning was 13.32 TgC, the average vegetation carbon density was 2.07 kg C / m ~ 2, the soil carbon storage was 59.79 TgC, and the average soil carbon density was 9.27 kg C 路m ~ (2). In 2003-2013, the largest transposing rate was water surface (16.42%), most of which were developed as cultivated land. And artificial surface. The overall carbon emissions showed an increasing trend in 2003-2013. From 7760,450 t CO2 in 2003 to 18504951 TCO _ 2 in 2013, the average annual growth rate was 10.18 tons; in 2013, energy accounted for the largest proportion of first-level carbon budget projects.) Forestry carbon sinks and land cover transformation contributed negative -0.70% to total carbon emissions, and road transport in secondary carbon budget projects, Industrial energy, and cement production have the most significant carbon emissions, accounting for 33.67% of total carbon emissions and 29.47% of 10.87% of carbon emissions, respectively.) carbon emissions in the energy activities sector show an increasing trend. From the energy structure analysis, raw coal and electricity consumption contribute the most to carbon emissions. Accounting for 46.99% and 36.9% of the total emissions, respectively, the six industries, such as non-metal mineral products, accounted for 46.99% and 36.9% of the total emissions, respectively, and the total carbon emissions reached more than 80% of the total industrial energy emissions, while in the forestry carbon sinks and land cover sectors, the forestry carbon sinks decreased year by year. From 616131 t CO _ 2 in 2003 to 579553 t CO _ 2 in 2013, the soil carbon emission caused by land cover transformation was 199038 t CO _ 2 / yr, and the vegetation carbon emission was 251305 t CO _ 2 / yr. 4) the high carbon emission enterprises in Nanning urban area were mostly distributed outside the city center, especially in Xixiangtang area and Jiangnan district. Carbon emission intensity has strong correlation with land cover type and population density.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X321

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本文編號：2003398