本文選題：礦物粉塵 + PM2.5�。� 參考：《西南科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的飛速發(fā)展,大氣污染也作為發(fā)展的代價(jià)日益嚴(yán)重,并嚴(yán)重影響著人類的生活和工作環(huán)境,對人體健康造成巨大危害。霧霾天氣的頻發(fā)更是讓人們意識到了大氣顆粒物污染的嚴(yán)重性。大氣顆粒物可通過呼吸系統(tǒng)和消化系統(tǒng)進(jìn)入人體,進(jìn)而對人體造成傷害。本論文以礦物粉塵(石英、方解石、納米Si O2、納米Ca CO3)及自然降塵為研究對象,對其在不同模擬人體體液中的溶解特性進(jìn)行研究。利用XRD、SEM及ICP等手段對反應(yīng)后固體的物相、形貌和濾液中的溶出元素進(jìn)行分析,此外,以石英和方解石為主要研究對像,分別探討了石英和方解石在模擬人體體液中的元素溶出情況,同時(shí)對西寧降塵在模擬人體體液中溶解前后的表面形貌、物相及元素溶出進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,以更好的理解礦物粉體被人體吸入后在人體體液內(nèi)的溶解行為。結(jié)合處理前后礦物特性的變化,探討大氣顆粒物與人體的作用機(jī)理。幾種礦粉溶解在不同的模擬人體體液中,混合懸液的p H在反應(yīng)初期變化最快,一般在初始4h的溶解過程中反應(yīng)液p H值變化最快。反應(yīng)1d后溶液p H值變化不大,基本趨于穩(wěn)定,第6d至8d溶液酸度微略增加。在不同的礦粉/模擬人體體液體系中,作用8d后,溶液的p H基本都穩(wěn)定在8~8.5之間,緩和液偏堿性。較其他礦粉,納米Si O2所在的幾種不同溶液的p H值較低,方解石和納米Ca CO3溶解過程中,溶液p H變化十分相似。SEM結(jié)果顯示,礦粉在模擬人體體液中作用8d后,表面和邊壁均出現(xiàn)了不同程度的凹蝕、表面剝離現(xiàn)象。溶解主要發(fā)生在礦物的表面和邊壁,并仍有大面積未被腐蝕的區(qū)域,且占主要部分。多數(shù)礦物顆粒溶解后邊緣更加光滑,部分顆粒邊緣鋸齒現(xiàn)象較明顯。經(jīng)反應(yīng)液流體的不斷碰撞、溶蝕,出現(xiàn)了更多的細(xì)小顆粒,大部分塊狀石英顆粒反應(yīng)后厚度減薄,并且呈現(xiàn)出層層解理的溶解趨勢,大大加大了礦物粉體與溶液的接觸面積。礦粉自身的結(jié)構(gòu)對溶解起到?jīng)Q定性的作用,一般條件下,碳酸鹽礦物較硅酸鹽礦物易于溶解。溶液的酸度對礦物溶解存在很大的影響,酸性條件一般可促進(jìn)方解石及納米Ca CO3的溶解而對石英及納米Si O2存在一定程度的溶解抑制,這和前人的研究結(jié)果一致。在降塵的溶解過程中,方解石很快的與模擬人體體液反應(yīng)并溶解,而石英、長石、云母的溶解非常緩慢。大氣顆粒物與人體接觸后,隨著顆粒物組分的溶解,接觸溶液p H迅速升高,而這恰好促進(jìn)礦物中Si的溶出。因此,當(dāng)降塵與人體酸環(huán)境接觸不僅會(huì)對接觸部位的液體環(huán)境造成影響,而且還將促進(jìn)有毒有害的Si的溶出,進(jìn)一步加重了大氣顆粒物對人體的危害。通過對礦粉溶解前后進(jìn)行FTIR紅外光譜分析,礦粉在溶解前后其紅外特征吸收峰并未發(fā)生明顯變化,即8d的溶解作用并未對礦物表面官能團(tuán)造成很大的影響。較明顯的是,方解石和石英經(jīng)模擬人體體液作用8d后,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)個(gè)別特征吸收峰的峰位發(fā)生一定的波數(shù)移動(dòng),吸收峰的相對峰強(qiáng)發(fā)生一定程度的改變。石英紅外吸收光譜中特征峰峰位有一定的偏移,相對峰強(qiáng)變化較明顯,但總體而言溶解對石英表面官能團(tuán)無顯著影響。由于石英、納米Si O2、方解石及納米Ca CO3結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定性,作用8d后礦粉并沒有新的物相生成。礦粉表面官能團(tuán)及物相并未發(fā)生明顯變化,溶解并未引起整個(gè)顆粒晶體結(jié)構(gòu)的崩塌,顆粒結(jié)構(gòu)保持完整�？梢娫谀M人體體液環(huán)境下,礦粉的溶解發(fā)生在表層,溶解是十分緩慢的過程。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and society, air pollution has become more and more serious as the cost of development, seriously affecting human life and working environment, causing great harm to human health. The frequent haze weather makes people realize the severity of atmospheric particulate matter pollution. Atmospheric particulate matter can be passed through the respiratory system and digestive system. In this paper, the dissolution characteristics of mineral dusts (quartz, calcite, nano Si O2, nano Ca CO3) and natural dust are studied in this paper. The dissolution characteristics of the body fluids in different simulated human body are studied. The phase, morphology and dissolved elements in the filtrate are introduced by means of XRD, SEM and ICP. In addition, the element dissolution of quartz and calcite in human body fluid was discussed with quartz and calcite as the main research image. The surface morphology, phase and dissolution of the dust in the simulated body fluid before and after the dissolving of the body fluid in Xining were studied to better understand the mineral powder being absorbed by the human body. The dissolution behavior in body fluid and the changes in the mineral properties before and after treatment are combined to explore the mechanism of the action of atmospheric particles and the human body. Several mineral powders dissolve in different simulated body fluids. The P H of mixed suspension is the fastest in the initial reaction, and the P H value of the reaction solution is the fastest in the initial 4H dissolution process. After the reaction 1D, the reaction is the fastest. The value of P H in solution changed little, basically stabilized, and the acidity of the solution from 6D to 8D increased slightly. In different mineral powder / simulated body fluid system, after 8D, the P H in the solution was basically stable between 8~8.5 and the solution was alkaline. The P H value of several different solutions of the nano Si O2 was lower than that of other mineral powders. Calcite and nano particles dissolved in the solution. During the process, the changes of P H in solution are very similar to.SEM results, and the results show that the surface and side wall of the mineral powder have different degrees of concave erosion and surface dissection after the action of 8D in the body fluid, and the dissolution mainly occurs on the surface and side wall of the mineral, and there is still a large area that is not corroded, and the main part is dissolved, the majority of the mineral particles dissolve after the dissolution. The edge of the particles is more smooth, and the edges of some particles are more obvious. After the continuous collision of the fluid, more fine particles are found. Most of the bulk quartz particles are thinner after the reaction, and the dissolution trend of the layer cleavage is presented. The contact area between the mineral powder and the solution is greatly increased. The structure of the mineral powder itself is dissolved. The solution plays a decisive role. Under general conditions, carbonate minerals are easier to dissolve than silicate minerals. The acidity of the solution has a great influence on the dissolution of minerals. Acid conditions can generally promote the dissolution of calcite and nano Ca CO3 and inhibit the dissolution of quartz and nano Si O2 in a certain degree, which is in agreement with the previous research results. In the process of dissolving the dust, calcite quickly reacts with the simulated body fluid and dissolves, and the dissolution of quartz, feldspar and mica is very slow. After the contact between the body and the body, the P H of the contact solution increases rapidly with the dissolution of the particles, and this just promotes the dissolution of the Si in the mineral. It will not only affect the liquid environment of the contact area, but also promote the dissolution of toxic and harmful Si, and further aggravate the harm of atmospheric particles to the human body. By the FTIR infrared spectrum analysis before and after the dissolution of mineral powder, the absorption peak of the mineral powder before and after dissolution has not changed obviously, that is, the dissolution of 8D and There is no significant effect on the surface functional groups of the mineral. It is obvious that after the calcite and quartz are simulated by the body fluid action of 8D, the peak position of some characteristic absorption peaks can be found to occur a certain number of wave numbers, and the relative peak intensity of the absorption peak is changed to a certain extent. The peak position of the characteristic peak in the absorption spectrum of Shi Yinghong is offset to a certain extent. The relative peak intensity changes obviously, but in general, dissolution has no significant influence on the quartz surface functional groups. Due to the stability of quartz, nano Si O2, calcite and nanoscale Ca CO3 structure, there is no new phase formation after the action of 8D, and there is no obvious change in the functional phase of the surface of the mineral powder. Dissolution does not cause the crystal structure of the whole particle. In the simulated human body fluid environment, the dissolution of mineral powder occurs on the surface, and dissolution is a very slow process.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X513

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本文編號：2001917