本文選題：長江上游干流 + 河流健康　； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：2013年11月至2014年11月對(duì)長江上游干流宜賓至江津段5個(gè)樣點(diǎn)的浮游生物進(jìn)行了四次調(diào)查,通過對(duì)種類組成,密度,生物量等指標(biāo)的分析,并采用Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)、Pielou指數(shù)、Margale f旨數(shù)對(duì)該江段的水質(zhì)進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)。選用箱線圖法、Pearson相關(guān)性分析等方法,篩選了適合用于構(gòu)建長江上游浮游植物完整性(Phytoplankton Index of Biotic Integrity, P-IBI)的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、浮游動(dòng)物完整性(Zooplankton Index of Biotic Integrity, Z-IBI)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)與標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并對(duì)該江段的河流健康度進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)。研究得出以下結(jié)果：1.在調(diào)查范圍內(nèi)共鑒定出浮游植物6門38屬95種,其中藍(lán)藻門2屬2種,裸藻門1屬2種,甲藻門2屬2種,隱藻門1屬4種,綠藻門10屬18種,占藻類總種數(shù)的19%,硅藻門22屬67種,占藻類總種數(shù)的71%。浮游植物數(shù)量全年均值為30.39×104ind/L,四次采樣所有采樣點(diǎn)浮游植物平均生物量為0.158mg/L。五個(gè)采樣點(diǎn)浮游植物Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)在1.994.32之間；Pielou旨數(shù)在0.430.91之間；Margalef指數(shù)在2.524.40之間。多數(shù)采樣點(diǎn)處于輕污染或無污染狀態(tài),只有少數(shù)采樣點(diǎn)處于中污染。在調(diào)查范圍內(nèi)共鑒定出浮游動(dòng)物共31種,其中輪蟲種類最多占浮游動(dòng)物總數(shù)的65%。枝角類占浮游動(dòng)物總數(shù)的19%。所調(diào)查采樣點(diǎn)的浮游動(dòng)物數(shù)量均值為7.4個(gè)/L,四次采樣所有采樣點(diǎn)浮游動(dòng)物平均生物量為00159mg/L。五個(gè)采樣點(diǎn)浮游動(dòng)物Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)全年在0.94—3.03之間；Pielou旨數(shù)在0.28—0.95之間；Margalef指數(shù)在0.95—2.22之間。與浮游植物調(diào)查結(jié)果相同,多數(shù)采樣點(diǎn)處于輕污染或無污染狀態(tài),少數(shù)采樣點(diǎn)處于中污染。2.適合長江上游的P-IBI指標(biāo)體系,由生物多樣性指數(shù)、種類多樣性指數(shù)、浮游植物密度、均勻度指數(shù)、硅藻密度百分比等構(gòu)成。3分法評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果顯示,1月份高莊橋采樣點(diǎn)、白沙采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)為健康,羊石采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)為亞健康,江安采樣點(diǎn)、德感采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)為一般；4月份除江安采樣點(diǎn)、德感采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)為一般,其余采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)皆為健康；6月份高莊橋采樣點(diǎn)、江安采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)為亞健康,其余采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)皆為健康；11月除江安采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)亞健康外,其余采樣點(diǎn)均評(píng)價(jià)為健康。4分法評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果顯示,1月江安采樣點(diǎn)、德感采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)為一般；4月江安采樣點(diǎn)、白沙采樣點(diǎn)、德感采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)為亞健康；6月、11月所有采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)皆為健康。比值法評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果顯示,1月江安采樣點(diǎn)、德感采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)為一般；4月江安采樣點(diǎn)、白沙采樣點(diǎn)、德感采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)為亞健康；6月高莊橋采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)為亞健康;11月江安采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)為亞健康,其余采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)皆為健康。3.適合長江上游的Z-IBI指標(biāo)體系,由均勻度指數(shù)、浮游動(dòng)物物種多樣性、浮游動(dòng)物種類多樣性、浮游植物浮游動(dòng)物密度百分比等構(gòu)成。3分法評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果顯示,1月份所有采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)均為健康；4月份除高莊橋采樣點(diǎn)、德感采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)為亞健康,其余采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)皆為健康；6月份高莊橋采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)為極差、江安采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)為亞健康,其余采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)皆為健康；11月除江安采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)健康外,羊石采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)為一般,其余采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)為亞健康。4分法評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果顯示,1月和4月所有采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)均為健康；6月高莊橋采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)為較差,其余采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)為健康；11月除羊石采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)為亞健康外,其余采樣點(diǎn)均評(píng)價(jià)為健康。比值法評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果顯示,1月所有采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)均為健康；4月高莊橋采樣點(diǎn)、德感采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)為亞健康,其余采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)為健康；6月高莊橋采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)為較差,江安采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)為亞健康；11月除江安采樣點(diǎn)和白沙采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)為健康外,其余采樣點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)皆為亞健康。綜合分析發(fā)現(xiàn),高莊橋采樣點(diǎn)、江安采樣點(diǎn)為健康,羊石采樣點(diǎn),白沙采樣點(diǎn)、德感采樣點(diǎn)處于健康到亞健康過渡階段,從上游到下游的健康狀況逐漸下降。
[Abstract]:From November 2013 to November 2014, four investigations were carried out on plankton in 5 samples of the Yibin to Jiangjin section of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Through the analysis of the species composition, density, biomass and other indexes, the water quality of the river section was evaluated by Shannon-Wiener, Pielou index and Margale f. The evaluation index and standard suitable for the construction of Phytoplankton Index of Biotic Integrity (P-IBI) in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the evaluation index and standard of the integrity of zooplankton (Zooplankton Index of Biotic Integrity, Z-IBI), were screened, and the river health of the river section was evaluated. The following results are as follows: 1. there are 95 species of phytoplankton and 38 genera, including 2 species of cyanobacteria, 1 genera, 2 species, 2 species of alga gate, 2 species of alga gate, 1 genera of cryptoalgae and 38 species of green algae, which account for the total number of algae. The average phytoplankton biomass of all sampling points at all sampling points is 0.158mg/L. five points of phytoplankton Shannon-Wiener index between 1.994.32; Pielou aims at 0.430.91; Margalef index is between 2.524.40. Most sampling points are in light pollution or pollution-free state, only a few sampling points are in medium pollution. Within the scope of investigation A total of 31 species of zooplankton were identified, among which the species of rotifer accounted for the largest number of zooplankton and 65%. dendrite accounted for the total number of zooplankton. The average number of zooplankton in the sampling point was 7.4 /L, and the average biomass of zooplankton at all sampling points was 00159mg/L. five sampling points of zooplankton Shannon-Wiener index throughout the year. Between 0.94 and 3.03, the number of Pielou is between 0.28 and 0.95; the Margalef index is between 0.95 and 2.22. Similar to the phytoplankton survey results, most of the sampling points are in light pollution or pollution-free state, and a few sampling points are in the medium pollution.2. suitable for the P-IBI index system in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, from the biodiversity index, the species diversity index, and the index. The results of.3 score evaluation of plant density, evenness index and diatom density percentage showed that the sampling point of Baisha sampling point was healthy in January, and the sampling point of sheep Stone was evaluated as subhealth, the sampling point of Jiang'an sampling, and the evaluation of virtue sampling point was general. In April, the sampling points of the German sampling point were generally evaluated as general and the other samples were sampled. The point evaluation was healthy. In June, the sample point of Jiang'an sampling point was evaluated as subhealth, and the other sampling points were all healthy. In November, the evaluation results of the other sampling points were shown by the health.4 score evaluation, except for the sub sampling points of Jiang'an sampling point in November. In January, the sampling point of Jiang'an sampling was general, and the sampling point of Jiang'an in April was white. In June, all sampling points in November were all healthy. In June, the evaluation of all sampling points in November was healthy. The ratio method evaluation showed that in January, the sampling point of Jiang'an sampling point was general; in April Jiang'an sampling point, Baisha sampling point, virtue sampling point evaluation was subhealth; June high Zhuang bridge sampling point evaluation was sub health; November Jiang'an in November. The sampling points were evaluated as subhealth, and the other sampling points were evaluated by the health.3. suitable for the Z-IBI index system in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The uniformity index, zooplankton species diversity, zooplankton species diversity, phytoplankton density percentage, etc. were evaluated by.3 score, and all the samples were evaluated for health in January, 4 With the exception of Gao Zhuang Qiao sampling point, Germany sense sampling point was evaluated as subhealth, and the evaluation of other sampling points were all healthy. In June, the evaluation of Gao Zhuang Qiao sampling point was very poor. The evaluation of Jiang'an sampling point was subhealth, and the evaluation of other sampling points were all healthy. In November, besides the health of Jiang'an sampling point evaluation, the evaluation of sheep Stone sampling point was general, and the other sampling points were evaluated. The evaluation results of the sub health.4 score showed that all the sampling points were evaluated in January and April. The evaluation of the sampling points of the high Zhuang bridge in June was poor and the other sampling points were evaluated as health. In November, the other sampling points were evaluated as health except for the sub health of the sheep Stone sampling point in November. The evaluation results of the ratio method in January were all evaluated in January. Health; in April at the Gao Zhuang bridge sampling point, the virtue sampling point was evaluated as subhealth, the other sampling points were evaluated as health; the evaluation of the sampling points of the Gao Zhuang bridge was poor in June, the evaluation of the Jiang'an sampling point was subhealth; in November, the evaluation of the sampling points and the Baisha sampling points was healthy, and the other sampling points were all subhealth. The comprehensive analysis found that Gao Zhuang bridge was found. Sampling point, Jiang'an sampling point is healthy, sheep Stone sampling point, white sand sampling point, and the sense sampling point is in the transition stage of health to subhealth, and the health condition from upstream to downstream gradually decreases.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X824;Q179.1

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本文編號(hào)：1994584