發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-07 17:56

  本文選題：石油污染 + 鹽堿��； 參考：《哈爾濱師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：由石油和鹽堿的雙重脅迫所引起的土壤污染已經(jīng)成為嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境問題之一,越來越受到人們的關(guān)注。本研究以大慶鹽堿土壤為供試土壤,人工設(shè)置石油濃度為0 g/kg、5 g/kg和10 g/kg,以黑麥草和羊草為供試植物,采用微生物平板稀釋法、Biolog微平板技術(shù)、變性梯度凝膠電泳(Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis,DGGE)技術(shù)、454高通量測(cè)序(454 high-throughput sequencing)技術(shù),研究了黑麥草和羊草對(duì)不同石油濃度下的鹽堿土壤中根際微生物物種多樣性、功能多樣性和結(jié)構(gòu)多樣性的影響。測(cè)定了土壤酶活性和土壤中石油烴降解率。主要的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果如下:1.采用微生物平板稀釋法研究了黑麥草和羊草對(duì)不同石油濃度下的鹽堿土壤中根際微生物數(shù)量的影響,結(jié)果表明:在各石油濃度下,黑麥草和羊草的根際土壤可培養(yǎng)細(xì)菌和放線菌數(shù)量均顯著高于無植物對(duì)照土壤;黑麥草和羊草的根際土壤可培養(yǎng)真菌數(shù)量也高于無植物對(duì)照土壤,但只有在10 g/kg石油濃度下差異顯著;兩種植物相比,黑麥草的根際土壤微生物(細(xì)菌、放線菌和真菌)數(shù)量高于羊草。2.采用Biolog微平板技術(shù),研究了黑麥草和羊草對(duì)不同石油濃度下的鹽堿土壤中根際微生物功能多樣性的影響,結(jié)果表明:在各石油濃度下,黑麥草和羊草的AWCD值均表現(xiàn)為大于無植物對(duì)照土壤,且黑麥草的AWCD值變化幅度較大,數(shù)值較高;黑麥草、羊草和無植物土壤的群落功能具有顯著差異;黑麥草和羊草的Simpson指數(shù)和Shannon指數(shù)均大于無植物土壤、且黑麥草大于羊草,McIntosh指數(shù)則表現(xiàn)為小于無植物土壤,但只有在10 g/kg石油濃度下與無植物之間差異顯著。3.采用DGGE技術(shù),研究了黑麥草和羊草對(duì)不同石油濃度下的鹽堿土壤中根際微生物結(jié)構(gòu)多樣性的影響,結(jié)果表明:在各石油濃度下,黑麥草的多樣性指數(shù)和均勻度指數(shù)均大于羊草大于無植物空白對(duì)照,在0 g/kg和10 g/kg石油濃度下,與無植物空白對(duì)照之間差異顯著;在5 g/kg石油濃度下,與無植物空白對(duì)照之間差異均不顯著。黑麥草、羊草和無植物對(duì)照之間存在共有條帶,但條帶強(qiáng)度各不相同;種植黑麥草和羊草的土壤產(chǎn)生了特異條帶,分別屬于芽孢桿菌(Bacillus sp.)、酸桿菌(Acidobacteria)、變形菌(Proteobacterium)和不可培養(yǎng)的細(xì)菌(Uncultured bacterium)。4.采用高通量焦磷酸(454)測(cè)序技術(shù),進(jìn)一步研究了黑麥草和羊草對(duì)不同石油濃度下的鹽堿土壤中根際微生物結(jié)構(gòu)多樣性的影響,結(jié)果表明:在各石油濃度下,根際土壤微生物的生物多樣性遠(yuǎn)多于人們的認(rèn)識(shí)。黑麥草和羊草的種植在門、綱和屬的水平下增加了一些菌群的比例,改變了土壤中細(xì)菌和真菌的群落結(jié)構(gòu),同時(shí)還有很大比例的未知菌群有待于研究。5.分別采用土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和脫氫酶活性的測(cè)定方法,研究了黑麥草和羊草對(duì)不同石油濃度下的鹽堿土壤中土壤酶活性的影響,結(jié)果表明:在各石油濃度下,黑麥草和羊草的種植均顯著提高了土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和脫氫酶活性,且黑麥草的土壤酶活性高于羊草。6.采用石油烴的測(cè)定方法,研究了黑麥草和羊草對(duì)石油烴的降解效果,結(jié)果表明:在黑麥草和羊草生長2個(gè)月后,在5 g/kg和10 g/kg石油濃度下,黑麥草和羊草的石油烴降解率分別為38.23%、29.41%和27.70%、16.16%,且黑麥草的降解效果優(yōu)于羊草。
[Abstract]:Soil pollution caused by double stress of oil and salt has become one of the serious environmental problems, and more and more people pay attention to it. In this study, Daqing saline soil was used as the test soil, the oil concentration was 0 g/kg, 5 g/kg and 10 g/kg, and Ryegrass and Leymus chinensis were used as the test plants, and the microbiological plate dilution method, Biolog Microplate technique, Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) technology and 454 high flux sequencing (454 high-throughput sequencing) technique were used to study the effects of ryegrass and Leymus chinensis on the diversity, functional diversity and structural diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms in saline soil under different oil concentrations. The main experimental results were as follows: 1. the effects of ryegrass and Leymus chinensis on the number of rhizosphere microorganisms in the saline alkali soil under different oil concentrations were studied by the microbiological dilution method. The results showed that the rhizosphere soil of black wheat grass and Leymus chinensis could be cultured and released under the oil concentration. The number of strains of rhizosphere bacteria was significantly higher than that in the non plant control soil. The number of cultivated fungi in rhizosphere soil of ryegrass and Leymus chinensis was higher than that of plant control soil, but the difference was significant only under 10 g/kg oil concentration. Compared with two plants, the number of rhizosphere soil microbes (bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi) in ryegrass was higher than that of Leymus chinensis.2. using Biolog microbalance. The effect of ryegrass and Leymus chinensis and Leymus chinensis on the functional diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms in the saline alkali soil under different oil concentrations was studied. The results showed that the AWCD values of ryegrass and Leymus chinensis were all higher than those in the non plant control soil under the oil concentration, and the AWCD value of ryegrass was higher and the value was higher; ryegrass, Leymus chinensis and no. The Simpson index and Shannon index of ryegrass and Leymus chinensis were greater than those in plant soil, and ryegrass was larger than Leymus chinensis, and the McIntosh index was less than that of plant soil, but the difference between 10 g/kg and no plants was significant.3. using DGGE technology, and studied ryegrass and ryegrass. The effect of Leymus chinensis on the structure diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms in the saline alkali soil under different oil concentrations showed that the diversity index and evenness index of ryegrass were greater than that of Leymus chinensis, and the difference was significant between the 0 g/kg and 10 g/kg oil concentration, and the difference between the plant and the plant blank control was significant at 5 g/kg. There was no significant difference between the oil concentration and the plant blank control. Ryegrass, Leymus chinensis and no plant control existed a common strip, but the intensity of strip was different. The soil of ryegrass and Leymus chinensis produced specific bands, which belong to Bacillus (Bacillus sp.), acid bacilli (Acidobacteria), and Proteus (Proteobacterium). The effect of ryegrass and Leymus chinensis on the structure diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms in saline alkali soil under different oil concentrations was further studied by using high throughput pyrophosphoric acid (454) sequencing technology and Uncultured bacterium.4.. The results showed that the microbial diversity of rhizosphere soil was much more than that of the people under the oil concentration. Understanding. The planting of ryegrass and Leymus chinensis increased the proportion of some bacteria groups at the level of the door, class and genus, and changed the community structure of bacteria and fungi in the soil. At the same time, there was a large proportion of the unknown flora in the soil. The activities of soil urease, sucrase and dehydrogenase were determined by.5., and the ryegrass and Leymus chinensis were studied. The results showed that the activities of soil urease, sucrase and dehydrogenase were significantly increased by the planting of ryegrass and Leymus chinensis at various oil concentrations, and the enzyme activity of ryegrass was higher than that of Leymus chinensis.6. using petroleum hydrocarbon, and the ryegrass and Leymus chinensis were studied. The results showed that after 2 months of growth of ryegrass and Leymus chinensis, the petroleum hydrocarbon degradation rates of ryegrass and Leymus chinensis were 38.23%, 29.41% and 27.70%, 16.16% under 5 g/kg and 10 g/kg oil concentrations, and the degradation effect of ryegrass was better than Leymus chinensis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X53;X17

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號(hào)：1992186