本文選題：雙臺子河口 + 全氟化合物(PFCs)　； 參考：《大連海事大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：全氟化合物(PFCs)作為一種新型的全球性有機(jī)污染物已引起了廣大研究者的關(guān)注。它在環(huán)境介質(zhì)尤其是水環(huán)境中的廣泛存在令人擔(dān)憂。它不僅會對水生動植物產(chǎn)生不同程度的毒害作用,而且能通過食物鏈蓄積到高等生物及人體內(nèi),危及生態(tài)安全和人體健康。因此,重要水域中PFCs的污染分布狀況及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估依然是目前PFCs研究的重點(diǎn)之一。人為活動產(chǎn)生的污廢水大量排放至附近的河流、湖泊等地表水中,將各種污染物帶入水體,間接引起了終端水域的污染。雙臺子河是遼河的唯一入海通道,經(jīng)臺安縣六間房從盤山匯入遼東灣海域。然而,遼東灣屬半封閉海灣,本身自凈能力較差,其環(huán)境相對更為敏感。當(dāng)前已有關(guān)于雙臺子河重金屬、營養(yǎng)鹽污染的報(bào)道,但新型污染物PFCs污染研究鮮見報(bào)道。本文以雙臺子河口為研究主體,采用固相萃取(SPE)前處理與高效液相色譜串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用儀(HPLC-MS/MS)相結(jié)合的分析方法,探討河口水體15種PFCs(包括11種全氟羧酸和4種全氟磺酸類化合物)的污染分布情況。最后,對PFOA與PFOS可能產(chǎn)生的水生生態(tài)環(huán)境及人體健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行評價(jià)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明雙臺子河口已存在PFCs污染,具體得出以下幾點(diǎn)主要結(jié)論：(1)雙臺子河口水體中河水樣品與海水樣品中∑PFCs平均濃度(最大濃度)分別為110.366(207.028)和121.318(209.350)ng/L,其中短鏈PFBA、PFPeA為主要污染物,其次是PFOA和PFHxA。4種被檢測的全氟磺酸化合物中,PFBS含量最局,PFOS位居第二;(2)表層河水樣品中∑PFCs濃度變化規(guī)律相對明顯,隨水流方向自上游至下游逐漸遞增；(3)海水樣品中,距離河口位置越遠(yuǎn),∑PFCs濃度越低；靠近大遼河一側(cè)樣品∑PFCs濃度偏高；表層樣品∑PFCs濃度低于底層；(4)不同模型或基準(zhǔn)濃度下得出的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)表征結(jié)果均表明雙臺子河口水體中PFOS與PFOA暫不會對生態(tài)環(huán)境及人群健康產(chǎn)生即時(shí)危害,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較小。
[Abstract]:As a new type of global organic pollutants, PFCs have attracted the attention of researchers. Its widespread presence in environmental media, especially in the water environment, is worrying. It can not only poison aquatic animals and plants to varying degrees, but also accumulate into higher organisms and human bodies through the food chain, thus endangering ecological safety and human health. Therefore, the pollution distribution and risk assessment of PFCs in important waters are still one of the focuses of PFCs research. The polluted water produced by human activities is discharged into the surface water of nearby rivers and lakes, which brings various pollutants into the water, which indirectly causes the pollution of the terminal waters. Shuangtaizi River is the only channel of Liaohe River, which flows from Panshan to Liaodong Bay via six rooms in Taian County. However, the Liaodong Bay is a semi-enclosed bay, its self-purification ability is poor, and its environment is more sensitive. There have been reports of heavy metal and nutrient pollution in Shuangtaizi River, but the study on PFCs pollution is rarely reported. In this paper, Shuangtaizi Estuary was used as the main body of the study. The analytical method was combined with SPE pretreatment and HPLC-MS / MS, which was coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC / MS). The pollution distribution of 15 PFCs (including 11 perfluorocarboxylic acids and 4 perfluorinated sulfonic acids) in estuarine water was studied. Finally, the possible aquatic ecological environment and human health risk caused by PFOA and PFOS were evaluated. The experimental results show that there is PFCs pollution in Shuangtaizi Estuary. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the mean concentrations (maximum concentrations) of 鈭，

本文編號：1988500