本文選題：深水水庫 + 浮游植物　； 參考：《貴州師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為水域的初級生產(chǎn)力,浮游植物不僅影響著水域生態(tài)中食物鏈及其他各環(huán)節(jié)的結(jié)構(gòu),甚至也關(guān)系到全球環(huán)境的變化。貴州高原水庫多為深水型水庫,地理環(huán)境復(fù)雜,營養(yǎng)狀況各異,因此浮游植物的生境也較特殊和復(fù)雜。本研究通過對位于貴州高原不同氮磷含量的三座深水水庫-三板溪水庫、萬峰湖水庫和龍灘水庫的浮游植物和環(huán)境因子進行調(diào)查研究和分析,考察了浮游植物與環(huán)境因子之間的關(guān)系。主要研究內(nèi)容包括:浮游植物群落動態(tài)變化特征;環(huán)境因子變化特征;環(huán)境因子對浮游植物群落的影響,以期為貴州深水水庫水華的防治提供參考依據(jù)。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)三座水庫共檢出浮游植物140屬(種),其中綠藻屬(種)最多,共檢出73屬(種),其次為硅藻,共檢出36屬(種),藍藻共檢出25屬(種),甲藻、隱藻、裸藻、金藻屬(種)數(shù)量較少,分別檢出3屬(種)、1屬(種)、2屬(種)、1屬(種)。龍灘水庫浮游植物屬(種)數(shù)量最多,共檢出7門99屬(種),三板溪水庫最少,共檢出6門84屬(種),萬峰湖共檢出浮游植物7門98屬(種)。三板溪水庫和萬峰湖水庫枯水期浮游植物屬(種)數(shù)量最少、豐水期最多,龍灘水庫則表現(xiàn)為豐水期最少、平水期和枯水期較多。(2)枯水期時浮游植物豐度最低,豐水期最高。各水庫浮游植物均隨水深的增加呈逐漸降低的變化趨勢,三板溪水庫浮游植物豐度低、萬峰湖水庫浮游植物豐度最高。三座水庫在不同時期優(yōu)勢種組成不同,其中枯水期和平水期各水庫均以硅藻占優(yōu)勢,枯水期時三板溪水庫以顆粒直鏈藻(Melosira granulata)豐度最高,萬峰湖水庫和龍灘水庫以小環(huán)藻(Cyclotella sp.)豐度最高,平水期時三板溪水庫和萬峰湖水庫以脆桿藻(Fragilaria sp.)豐度最高,而龍灘水庫以華麗星桿藻(Asterionella formosa)豐度最高,豐水期三板溪水庫和龍灘水庫以藍藻占優(yōu)勢,其中三板溪水庫以具緣微囊藻(mcrocystis marglnata)豐度最高,龍灘水庫以鞘絲藻(Synechocystis aquetilis)豐度最高,萬峰湖水庫以綠藻占優(yōu)勢,其中雙對柵藻(Scenedesmus bijugatus)豐度最高�？菟跁r三板溪水庫、萬峰湖水庫和龍灘水庫浮游植物的垂直分布較均勻,平水期時浮游植物在20 m以上的水層豐度較高,豐水期時浮游植物集中分布于10 m以上的水層。(3)枯水期時由于浮游植物屬(種)數(shù)量較少,豐度較低,因此香農(nóng)多樣性指數(shù)(Shannon-Weiner index)值較低,平水期硅藻屬(種)數(shù)量增多、豐度升高,因此香農(nóng)多樣性指數(shù)值升高,豐水期綠藻和藍藻屬(種)數(shù)量增,且豐度均升高,因此香農(nóng)多樣性指數(shù)達到最高。三板溪水庫由于各水文時期浮游植物屬(種)數(shù)量相對較少、優(yōu)勢類群浮游植物豐度較高,因此香農(nóng)多樣性指數(shù)值最低,萬峰湖水庫由于各水文時期浮游植物屬(種)數(shù)量較多,優(yōu)勢類群豐度相對較低,因此香農(nóng)指數(shù)值較高。(4)三板溪水庫總磷濃度較高,龍灘水庫較低,各水文時期差異顯著(ANOVA,P0.05),總氮則表現(xiàn)為三板溪水庫最低、各水文時期差異不顯著(ANOVA,P0.05),萬峰湖水庫和龍灘水庫總氮較高,各水文時期總氮濃度差異極顯著(ANOVA,P0.01)。三板溪水庫氮磷比較低,而龍灘水庫和萬峰湖水庫氮磷比較高。(5)水溫為影響三板溪水庫、萬峰湖水庫和龍灘水庫浮游植物多度變化、演替和垂直分布關(guān)鍵的環(huán)境因子。但由于三座水庫所處的氣候區(qū)劃不同,水溫的變化情況也不同,其中三板溪水庫由于季節(jié)變化明顯,浮游植物的季節(jié)性演替和多度值變化較大,萬峰湖水庫由于水溫較高,浮游植物多度在各水文時期均較高,龍灘水庫由于水溫常年較高,硅藻亦適宜較高的水溫�？偟⑾鯌B(tài)氮、亞硝態(tài)氮是影響貴州高原深水水庫浮游植物群落動態(tài)變化的營養(yǎng)鹽。在三板溪水庫,浮游植物豐度與總磷和正磷酸鹽呈極顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系,而在龍灘水庫,浮游植物豐度受總磷和正磷酸鹽的影響不顯著。
[Abstract]:As the primary productivity of water, phytoplankton not only affect the structure of food chain and other links in water ecology, but also relate to the change of the global environment. The Guizhou plateau reservoir is mostly deep water reservoir, and the geographical environment is complex and the nutritional status is different. Therefore, the habitats of floating vegetation are also special and complex. The phytoplankton and environmental factors of the three deep-water reservoirs of different nitrogen and phosphorus content in the Guizhou plateau, the San plate Creek Reservoir, the Wan Feng lake water reservoir and the Longtan Reservoir, were investigated and analyzed. The relationship between phytoplankton and environmental factors was investigated. The main contents included the characteristics of the dynamic changes of phytoplankton community and the characteristics of environmental factors. The effects of environmental factors on phytoplankton community were provided to provide reference for the prevention and control of water bloom in Guizhou deepwater reservoir. The results showed that: (1) there were 140 genera (species) of phytoplankton in three reservoirs. Among them, 73 genera were detected, followed by diatom, 36 genera (species) were detected. 25 genera (species), alga, cryptoalgae and nude were detected in the cyanobacteria. There are 3 genera (species), 1 genera (species), 2 genera and 1 genera (species). There are 7 gate 99 genera and 99 genera (species) in Longtan Reservoir. There are 6 84 genera (species), and 98 genera and 98 genera of phytoplankton are detected in Wan Feng lake. The number of genera (species) is the least, the abundant water period is the most, the Longtan Reservoir shows the least water period, the flat water period and the dry water period. (2) the abundance of phytoplankton is the lowest and the peak water season is the highest. All the phytoplankton in the reservoir are gradually decreasing with the increase of water depth, the phytoplankton abundance in the three plate reservoir is low, and the phytoplankton in Wan Feng Lake Reservoir The abundance of the three reservoirs is different in different periods, in which diatom is dominant in all reservoirs in the period of low water period, and the abundance of Melosira granulata is the highest in the three plate Creek Reservoir in the dry period, and the abundance of the Wan Feng lake and Longtan Reservoir is the highest in the algae (Cyclotella sp.) in the Longtan Reservoir. The abundance of Fragilaria sp. is the highest in Wan Feng lake reservoir, and the abundance of Asterionella Formosa in Longtan Reservoir is the highest. The three plate Creek Reservoir and Longtan Reservoir are dominated by cyanobacteria, with the highest abundance of Microcystis (Mcrocystis marglnata) in the three plate brook reservoirs, and the Longtan Reservoir with the sheath of sp. (Synechocystis aque). Tilis) abundance is the highest, Wan Feng lake reservoir is dominated by green algae, and the abundance of Scenedesmus bijugatus is the highest. The vertical distribution of phytoplankton in the three plate Creek Reservoir, the Wan Feng lake reservoir and Longtan Reservoir is more uniform in the dry period. The abundance of phytoplankton is higher than 20 m during the flat water period, and the phytoplankton distribution is concentrated at the high water period. In the water layer above 10 m. (3) the number of phytoplankton species (species) was relatively low and the Shannon diversity index (Shannon-Weiner index) value was lower in the dry period, so the number of diatom (species) increased and the abundance increased in the flat water period. Therefore, the number of Shannon diversity index increased, the number of green algae and cyanobacteria (species) increased, and the abundance increased. The Shannon diversity index reached the highest. The number of phytoplankton species (species) in the three plate streams is relatively small, and the abundance of phytoplankton is higher in the dominant group, so the Shannon diversity index is the lowest. The number of phytoplankton (species) in the Wan Feng lake reservoir is relatively low, so the abundance of dominant groups is relatively low, so Shannon is relatively low in abundance. So Shannon The index value is high. (4) the total phosphorus concentration of the three plate brook reservoir is high, the Longtan Reservoir is lower, the difference of each hydrological period is significant (ANOVA, P0.05), the total nitrogen is the lowest in the three plate stream reservoir, the difference of each hydrological period is not significant (ANOVA, P0.05), the total nitrogen of Wan Feng lake water reservoir and Longtan Reservoir is higher, and the total nitrogen concentration difference of each hydrological period is very significant (ANOVA, P0.01). The nitrogen and phosphorus of the ban Xi reservoir are relatively low, while the nitrogen and phosphorus of the Longtan Reservoir and Wan Feng lake water reservoir are high. (5) the water temperature is the key environmental factor affecting the diversity of the phytoplankton in the three plates Creek Reservoir, the Wan Feng lake reservoir and the Longtan Reservoir, and the key environmental factors of succession and vertical distribution. However, the variation of water temperature is different because of the different climatic zoning in the three reservoirs, of which three Because of the obvious seasonal variation, the seasonal succession of phytoplankton and the diversity value of phytoplankton varied greatly. The water temperature of Wan Feng lake reservoir was higher because of the higher water temperature, the higher the phytoplankton abundance in each hydrological period. The Longtan Reservoir was also suitable for high water temperature because of the high water temperature. The total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are the influence of the deep water in the Guizhou plateau. In the San plate Creek Reservoir, the abundance of phytoplankton is closely related to the total phosphorus and orthophosphate, but in the Longtan Reservoir, the abundance of phytoplankton is not significantly affected by the total phosphorus and orthophosphate.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X524;X173

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