本文選題：馬纓丹 + 鎘�。� 參考：《四川農業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：金屬礦區(qū)及其周邊的土壤鎘(Cd)、鉛(Pb)污染已經成為影響環(huán)境和威脅人類健康的嚴重問題。通過尋找或者培育生物量大、生長迅速的富集或者超富集植物對污染環(huán)境治理和生態(tài)環(huán)境修復具有重要意義。本文選取四川省漢源縣富泉鉛鋅礦區(qū)的馬纓丹(Lantana camara L.)為試驗材料,采用盆栽試驗,研究了不同濃度Cd、Pb處理下,馬纓丹對重金屬Cd、Pb的耐性機理和富集特征,探討馬纓丹對Cd、Pb污染的潛力和機理。主要研究結果如下：(1) 30～60 mg·kg-1 Cd處理促進了馬纓丹植株的生長,而Cd濃度大于90 mg·kg-1時,則抑制了馬纓丹的生長；隨著Cd處理濃度的增加,馬纓丹葉片凈光合速率呈先升高后降低的變化規(guī)律；低濃度Cd處理能夠提高抗氧化酶SOD、POD、APX和CAT活性,清除體內過量氧自由基,避免活性氧濃度過高傷害植物。表明馬纓丹是一種對Cd具有一定耐性的植物,其抗氧化系統對活性氧的清除可能是馬纓丹耐受Cd脅迫的重要機理。(2)隨著Cd處理濃度的增加,馬纓丹地下部和地上部Cd含量和富集量呈升高的變化趨勢,地下部和地上部Cd含量最大值分別可達158.5 mg·kg-1和119.4 mg·kg-1,富集量最大值分別可達138.6 μg·planf-1和1148.5 μg·planf-1; Cd在根、莖和葉細胞壁中的比例分別占23.8%～34.4%、37.0%～43.3%和28.7%～39.8%,且隨著鎘處理濃度的增加,均呈增加的變化趨勢,在可溶性組分中的比例最高,分別占62.1%～54.2%、56.2%～45.2%和59.8%～52.6%,而在細胞膜和細胞器中的比例最低；馬纓丹生長改變了土壤中Cd的形態(tài)分布和土壤酶活性,Cd處理下,馬纓丹根際土壤酶活性和Cd含量均高于非根際土壤,根際環(huán)境的變化促進了Cd的活化。表明馬纓丹對Cd具有一定的富集能力,其對Cd的液泡區(qū)隔化、細胞壁固持、根際環(huán)境效應可能是馬纓丹富集Cd的重要原因。(3) 100 mg·kg-1 Pb處理促進了馬纓丹植株的生長,而Pb濃度大于600 mg·kg-1時,則抑制了馬纓丹的生長；隨著Pb處理濃度的增加,馬纓丹葉片凈光合速率呈先升高后降低的變化規(guī)律；低濃度Pb處理能夠提高抗氧化酶SOD、POD、APX和CAT活性,清除體內過量氧自由基,避免活性氧濃度過高傷害植物。表明馬纓丹是一種對Pb具有一定耐性的植物,其抗氧化系統對活性氧的清除可能是馬纓丹耐受Pb脅迫的重要機理。(4)隨著Pb處理濃度的增加,馬纓丹地下部和地上部Pb含量和富集量呈升高的變化趨勢,地下部和地上部Pb含量最大值分別可達264.6 mg·kg-1和611.9 mg·kg-1,富集量最大值分別可達474.9 μg·plant-1和6163.0 μg·plant-1; Pb在根、莖和葉細胞壁中的比例分別占33.0%～39.2%、24.4%～38.3%和19.4%～39.4%,且隨Pb處理濃度的增加,均呈增加的變化趨勢,在可溶性組分中的比例最高,分別占52.9%～41.5%、56.8%～39.8%和48.8%～39.1%,而在細胞膜和細胞器中的比例最低；馬纓丹生長改變了土壤中Pb的形態(tài)分布和土壤酶活性,Pb處理下,馬纓丹根際土壤酶活性和Pb含量均高于非根際土壤,根際環(huán)境的變化促進了Pb的活化。表明馬纓丹對Pb具有一定的富集能力,其對Pb的液泡區(qū)隔化、細胞壁固持、根際環(huán)境效應可能是馬纓丹富集Pb的重要原因。綜上所述,馬纓丹對Cd、Pb具有一定耐性和富集能力,是一種較為理想的Cd修復植物和潛在Pb修復植物,且馬纓丹花期長,觀賞性強,地上部生物量大,在植物修復中具有廣闊的應用潛力。
[Abstract]:Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) pollution in the metal mining area and its surrounding soil have become a serious problem affecting the environment and threatening human health. By looking for or cultivating the large biomass, the fast growing or hyperaccumulating plants are of great significance to the pollution control and ecological restoration of the environment. This paper selects the Fuquan lead and zinc in Hanyuan County, Sichuan province. Lantana camara L. in the mining area was used as a test material. The pot experiment was used to study the resistance mechanism and enrichment characteristics of Lantana Lantana to Cd and Pb under different concentrations of Cd and Pb, and to explore the potential and mechanism of Pb pollution to Cd and Pb. The main results were as follows: (1) 30~60 mg. Kg-1 Cd treatment promoted the plant growth of Lantana Lantana. When the concentration of Cd was greater than 90 mg. Kg-1, it inhibited the growth of Lantana Lantana. With the increase of Cd treatment concentration, the net photosynthetic rate of Lantana Lantana increased first and then decreased, and the low concentration Cd treatment could improve the activity of antioxidant enzyme SOD, POD, APX and CAT, and remove the excess oxygen free radicals in the body, and avoid excessive concentration of reactive oxygen species. Plants. It shows that Lantana Lantana is a plant with certain tolerance to Cd. Its antioxidant system is an important mechanism for resisting Cd stress in Lantana. (2) with the increase of Cd concentration, the content and enrichment of Cd in the underground and upper part of Lantana Lantana are increasing, and the maximum value of Cd in the underground and the upper part of the ground is the maximum. The maximum concentration of 158.5 mg. Kg-1 and 119.4 mg. Kg-1 were up to 138.6 mu g. Planf-1 and 1148.5 G. Planf-1 respectively. The proportion of Cd in root, stem and leaf cell wall accounted for 23.8% to 34.4%, 37% to 43.3% and 28.7% to 39.8%, respectively, and increased with the increase of cadmium concentration, and the ratio in the soluble component The highest proportion was 62.1% to 54.2%, 56.2% to 45.2% and 59.8% to 52.6% respectively, while the proportion in cell membrane and organelle was the lowest, and the growth of Lantana Lantana changed the distribution of Cd in soil and the activity of soil enzyme. Under Cd treatment, the activity of enzyme and the content of Cd in the rhizosphere soil of Lantana Lantana were higher than those in the non rhizosphere soil, and the change of the rhizosphere environment promoted the activation of Cd. The results showed that Lantana Lantana had a certain enrichment ability to Cd, its vacuolation of Cd vacuoles, cell wall fixation and the effect of rhizosphere environmental effects may be important reasons for the enrichment of Cd in Lantana. (3) 100 mg. Kg-1 Pb treatment promoted the growth of Lantana Lantana plant, while Pb concentration was greater than 600 mg. Kg-1, it inhibited the growth of Lantana Lantana; with Pb treatment concentration. The net photosynthetic rate of Lantana Lantana leaves increased first and then decreased, and the low concentration Pb treatment could improve the activity of antioxidant enzyme SOD, POD, APX and CAT, clear the excess oxygen free radicals in the body, and avoid the excessive concentration of reactive oxygen species in plants. It shows that Lantana is a plant with certain tolerance to Pb, and its antioxidant system is active The removal of oxygen may be an important mechanism of tolerance to Pb stress in Lantana. (4) with the increase of Pb concentration, the content and enrichment of Pb in the underground and upper part of Lantana Lantana increased, and the maximum Pb content in the underground and upper part of the ground can reach 264.6 mg. Kg-1 and 611.9 mg. Kg-1 respectively. The maximum value of the enrichment can be reached to 474.9 u g. Plant-1 respectively. And 6163 mu g. Plant-1; the proportion of Pb in root, stem and leaf cell wall accounted for 33% to 39.2%, 24.4% ~ 38.3% and 19.4% to 39.4%, and increased with the increase of Pb concentration. The proportion in soluble components was the highest, which accounted for 52.9% to 41.5%, 56.8% ~ 39.8% and 48.8% ~ 39.1%, and in cell membrane and organelles. The growth of Lantana Lantana changed the distribution of Pb and the activity of soil enzyme in the soil. Under Pb treatment, the enzyme activity and Pb content in the rhizosphere soil of Lantana Lantana were higher than that of non rhizosphere soil, and the changes in the rhizosphere environment promoted the activation of Pb. It showed that Lantana Lantana had a certain enrichment capacity to Pb, and its vacuolation, cell wall fixation and root of Pb. The environmental effect may be an important reason for the enrichment of Pb in Lantana Lantana. To sum up, Lantana Lantana has a certain tolerance and enrichment ability to Cd and Pb. It is an ideal plant for Cd repair and potential Pb repair plant, and Lantana Lantana has long flowering period, strong ornamental and large aboveground biomass, and has broad application potential in plant restoration.
【學位授予單位】：四川農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53;X173

【相似文獻】

相關期刊論文 前1條

1 黃士誠;;天然香料文摘[J];香料香精化妝品;1993年03期

相關會議論文 前2條

1 吳偉堅;馬鳳梅;楊吉昂;;馬纓丹節(jié)肢動物群落的研究[A];生物入侵與生態(tài)安全——“第一屆全國生物入侵學術研討會”論文摘要集[C];2007年

2 朱慧;馬瑞君;方少燕;陳丹生;吳雙桃;;入侵植物馬纓丹及其伴生種光合特性比較[A];中國第三屆植物化感作用學術研討會、第八屆全國雜草科學大會、聯合國糧農組織——中國“水稻化感作用論壇”論文摘要集[C];2007年

相關重要報紙文章 前3條

1 黃治;馬纓丹的藥用[N];醫(yī)藥養(yǎng)生保健報;2004年

2 黃洽;馬纓丹治病[N];上海中醫(yī)藥報;2003年

3 記者 關媛媛;在渝棲身動植物上萬種[N];重慶日報;2010年

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 方繼宇;馬纓丹對鎘、鉛的耐性機理及富集特征研究[D];四川農業(yè)大學;2015年

，

本文編號：1957437