本文選題：剩余污泥 + 單因素法�。� 參考：《中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠產(chǎn)生的剩余污泥中,含有大量的難降解有機(jī)物和氮、磷等營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素。若只經(jīng)過減量化處理后外排,會(huì)嚴(yán)重威脅環(huán)境安全和公眾健康。目前,厭氧酸化法是能同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)污泥無害化和資源化的途徑之一。通過厭氧酸化,污泥中的大部分有機(jī)物可以轉(zhuǎn)化為揮發(fā)性脂肪酸(VFAs)和乙醇等易降解物質(zhì),回用于污水處理中,既可以解決反硝化碳源不足的問題,還能進(jìn)一步提高污水的脫氮除磷效率。但一般厭氧條件下污泥產(chǎn)生的VFAs量很少,不足以滿足實(shí)際工程中反硝化菌對(duì)碳源的需要,因此需要不斷調(diào)控厭氧酸化的影響因素,提高剩余污泥的水解酸化率。同時(shí),不同條件下剩余污泥產(chǎn)生的VFAs組成分布不同,而VFAs中各酸含量的不同又會(huì)對(duì)反硝化速率和硝酸鹽去除率產(chǎn)生不同的影響。因此,本論文結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)外污泥產(chǎn)酸發(fā)酵的研究進(jìn)展,運(yùn)用單因素調(diào)控和響應(yīng)面法系統(tǒng)地研究了不同厭氧條件對(duì)污泥產(chǎn)酸及其組分的影響,并人工模擬不同組成分布的VFAs作碳源,對(duì)UASB反應(yīng)器中污水的反硝化速率和脫氮率進(jìn)行了初步探索。首先單一調(diào)控剩余污泥的初始pH、ORP和反應(yīng)的振蕩速率,以污泥發(fā)酵液中的SCOD、VFAs及其組分的變化為研究重點(diǎn),根據(jù)污泥水解和產(chǎn)酸的效果確定各因素的最佳值。結(jié)果表明,最適初始pH為6.0或8.0,此條件下污泥能快速生成340.7 mg/L和325.8 mg/L的VFAs,酸化率分別為65.90%0、63.6%。最適初始ORP為200 mV,此時(shí)厭氧過程中pH和ORP均在水解酸化菌的適宜范圍內(nèi)。雖然初始ORP對(duì)VFAs產(chǎn)量影響不大,且各組分含量在厭氧過程中基本保持不變,但較低的ORP有利于增加戊酸的含量并使乙酸長(zhǎng)時(shí)間積累。振蕩速率和發(fā)酵時(shí)間密切相關(guān),60 r/min、反應(yīng)4h和150r/min、反應(yīng)12h都取得了較好的產(chǎn)酸效果,VFAs產(chǎn)量分別為318.0 mg/L和278.2 mg/L,酸化率各為65.3%、59.3%。此外,振蕩速率對(duì)丙酸的形成影響較小,而高振速下出現(xiàn)了乙酸的累積。為研究多因素之間的相互作用,本論文采用響應(yīng)面法設(shè)計(jì)污泥SS、初始ORP和振蕩速率的不同組合條件,對(duì)嗜熱菌處理后的剩余污泥進(jìn)行厭氧酸化,通過分析響應(yīng)面圖和擬合方程,確定污泥發(fā)酵液中SCOD、VFAs及其組分、乙醇、蛋白質(zhì)和糖類含量最大時(shí)的最適條件。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,污泥SS對(duì)剩余污泥產(chǎn)生的VFAs總量影響不大,而初始ORP和振蕩速率較低的條件則有助于VFAs的積累。這是由于初始ORP較低能使發(fā)酵過程的ORP控制在水解酸化菌適宜的范圍內(nèi),振蕩速率較低則能使污泥中的有機(jī)物與微生物長(zhǎng)時(shí)間充分接觸。最適條件8.0 g/L、0 和 60 r/min下VFAs產(chǎn)量最大為1400.8 mg/L,約是原污泥的29倍。同樣,SCOD受SS影響很小,在混合狀態(tài)相同時(shí)高濃度污泥并沒有生成更多的可溶性有機(jī)物。預(yù)測(cè)的SCOD最大值是8331.7 mg/L,對(duì)應(yīng)的最適條件為8.0 g/L、143.7 mV和60.0 r/min。此外,發(fā)酵液中乙酸和乙醇的含量與SS和振蕩速率密切相關(guān)：丙酸和丁酸的含量受初始ORP的影響較大,這可能是由于初始ORP的變化容易引起剩余污泥產(chǎn)酸過程中發(fā)酵類型的改變,從而造成丙酸或丁酸的積累：SS和初始ORP相互影響了戊酸和蛋白質(zhì)：而厭氧菌的發(fā)酵可能多以糖降解為主,使得糖類累積量很少,三因素對(duì)其作用規(guī)律仍未可知。最后研究了不同組成分布的VFAs作碳源對(duì)硝酸鹽去除的影響。用不同比例的乙酸和丙酸制成混合酸后,污水的反硝化速率和脫氮率都比較高。其中乙／丙為1：2時(shí)降解最快,脫氮率最高為97.5%。硝酸鹽氮的降解速率還與丙酸含量呈一定的正相關(guān)。這也證明了VFAs中丙酸比乙酸更適合作反硝化碳源。當(dāng)不同體積比的乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和戊酸作反硝化碳源時(shí),污水的反硝化速率和脫氮率差異很大。結(jié)果顯示,四種酸的最佳體積比為30%：60%：5%：5%,此時(shí)各酸含量分別為482.5 mg/L、205.7 mg/L、52.3 mg/L和26.9 mg/L。該比例下雖然反硝化速率不是最快,但出水中硝酸鹽氮濃度會(huì)隨反應(yīng)時(shí)間不斷下降,達(dá)到2.0 mg/L以下,脫氮率最高為97.5%,實(shí)現(xiàn)了污水的深度脫氮。此外,增加丁酸和戊酸的含量對(duì)污水中硝酸鹽的快速降解也能有一定的促進(jìn)作用。
[Abstract]:The residual sludge produced by urban sewage treatment plants in our country contains a large number of refractory organic compounds and nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. If only after reduction and treatment, the sewage sludge will seriously threaten the environmental safety and public health. At present, anaerobic acidification is one of the ways to realize the harmless and resourceful sludge at the same time. Most of the organic compounds can be converted into volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and ethanol, which can be used in sewage treatment, which can not only solve the problem of denitrifying carbon source, but also improve the efficiency of denitrification and dephosphorization of sewage. However, under the general anaerobic condition, the amount of VFAs produced by the sludge is very few, which is not enough to meet the actual project. Nitrifying bacteria need to be used for carbon source, so it is necessary to regulate the influence factors of anaerobic acidification and improve the hydrolysis acidification rate of residual sludge. At the same time, the distribution of VFAs composition in the residual sludge is different under different conditions, and the different acid content in VFAs will have different effects on the denitrification rate and nitrate removal rate. Combined with the research progress of acid fermentation at home and abroad, the effects of different anaerobic conditions on the acid and its components of sludge were systematically studied by single factor regulation and response surface method, and VFAs as a carbon source was simulated by artificial simulation, and the rate of denitrification and denitrification of sewage in UASB reactor was preliminarily explored. The initial pH, ORP and the oscillating rate of the remainder sludge are regulated by the change of SCOD, VFAs and its components in the sludge fermentation broth. The optimum value of each factor is determined according to the effect of sludge hydrolysis and acid production. The results show that the optimum initial pH is 6 or 8. Under this condition, the sludge can quickly produce 340.7 mg/L and 325.8 mg/L VFAs, acid The optimum initial ORP was 200 mV, respectively. In the anaerobic process, both pH and ORP were within the suitable range of the hydrolytic acidification bacteria. Although the initial ORP had little effect on the yield of VFAs, the content of each component remained unchanged during the anaerobic process, but the lower ORP was beneficial to increase the content of valerate and to accumulate the acetic acid for a long time. The rate is closely related to the fermentation time. 60 r/min, reaction to 4h and 150r/min, the reaction 12h has achieved good acid producing effect. The yield of VFAs is 318 mg/L and 278.2 mg/L, respectively, the acidification rate is 65.3%, 59.3%. in addition, the oscillation rate has little effect on the formation of propionic acid, and the accumulation of acetic acid appears under Gao Zhensu. In this paper, the response surface method was used to design the sludge SS, initial ORP and the different combination conditions of the oscillation rate. The anaerobic acidification of the residual sludge treated by thermophilic bacteria was carried out. By analyzing the response surface map and the fitting equation, the optimum conditions for the determination of SCOD, VFAs and its components, the maximum content of ethyl alcohol, protein and sugar in the sludge fermentation liquid were determined. The results showed that the sludge SS had little effect on the total amount of VFAs produced by the remaining sludge, while the initial ORP and low oscillation rate were helpful to the accumulation of VFAs. This was due to the low energy of initial ORP to control the ORP in the fermentation process in the suitable range of hydrolytic acidification bacteria, and the low oscillation rate could make the organic matter and microorganism in the sludge long enough for a long time. Contact. The optimum conditions 8 g/L, 0 and 60 r/min for VFAs production are 1400.8 mg/L, about 29 times of the original sludge. Similarly, SCOD is affected by SS very little. In the same mixing state, the high concentration sludge does not produce more soluble organic matter. The predicted SCOD maximum is 8331.7 mg/L, and the corresponding optimum conditions are 8 g/L, 143.7 mV and 60 r/mi. N. in addition, the content of acetic acid and ethanol in the fermentation broth is closely related to the SS and the oscillation rate: the content of propionic acid and butyric acid is greatly influenced by the initial ORP, which may be due to the change of the initial ORP, which may cause the change of the fermentation type in the process of residual sludge producing acid, resulting in the accumulation of propionic acid or butyric acid: SS and the initial ORP interact with each other. Valerate and protein: the fermentation of anaerobic bacteria may be mainly degraded by sugar, which makes the accumulation of carbohydrates less, and the three factors are still unknown. Finally, the effect of the different distribution of VFAs on the removal of nitrate is studied. The rate of denitrification and removal of sewage after mixed acid and propionic acid in different proportions is used. The nitrogen rate is high. The degradation rate is the fastest when B / C is 1:2, the highest nitrogen removal rate is 97.5%. nitrate nitrogen degradation rate and the positive correlation with propionic acid content. It is also proved that propionic acid is more suitable for denitrifying carbon source than acetic acid in VFAs. When the different volume ratio of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and valerate as denitrifying carbon sources, the wastewater is reversed. The rate of nitrification and denitrification was very different. The results showed that the optimum volume ratio of the four acids was 30%:60%:5%:5%, and the acid content of each acid was 482.5 mg/L, 205.7 mg/L, 52.3 mg/L and 26.9 mg/L., although the denitrification rate was not the fastest, but the nitrate nitrogen concentration in the effluent would decrease with the reaction time, reaching less than 2 mg/L, The maximum denitrification rate was 97.5%, which realized the deep denitrification of the sewage. In addition, the increase of butyric acid and valerate content could also promote the rapid degradation of nitrate in sewage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X703

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