發(fā)布時間：2018-05-23 13:22

  本文選題：葡萄 + 臭氧　； 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：在全球環(huán)境變化背景下,臭氧(03)濃度不斷升高,對包括葡萄在內(nèi)的農(nóng)作物生長造成了明顯影響。臭氧污染已經(jīng)成為影響農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的重要因素。因此,研究臭氧脅迫對葡萄的為害及影響機制,對尋找防護技術(shù)措施和培育耐臭氧新品種等方面來說具有重要意義。本研究利用開頂式氣室比較了三個葡萄品種對臭氧敏感性,研究了不同濃度臭氧對赤霞珠(Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvigon)葡萄葉片生理功能的影響以及高濃度臭氧脅迫下赤霞珠葡萄葉片對光強變化的生理響應(yīng)。研究結(jié)果如下：(1)經(jīng)過150nL/L的臭氧處理3h以后,5BB、赤霞珠和Frontanec(�？�)的Fv/Fm分別比對照降低了6.6%、27.8%和47.8%,ABS/CSm分別比對照降低了9.1%、33.2%和50.3%。說明供試的3個葡萄品種對臭氧的敏感性大小順序為：�？顺嘞贾�5BB。(2)在55-105nL/L臭氧脅迫下,隨著濃度升高,赤霞珠Pn逐漸降低,比CK降低了17.9%-87.5%；Gs的變化趨勢同于Pn; Ci先降低,后升高。說明,在低濃度臭氧脅迫時,氣孔限制占主導(dǎo)因素,隨著臭氧濃度的升高(80nL/L),非氣孔限制變?yōu)橹鲗?dǎo)因素。(3)臭氧脅迫對赤霞珠葡萄光合功能的影響首先表現(xiàn)為抑制電子從電子傳遞體QA-向QB的傳遞,濃度閾值在40-55nL/L之間；隨著臭氧濃度的增加,又表現(xiàn)為降低了單位面積內(nèi)吸收的光能ABS/CSm,濃度閾值在55-80nL/L之間。(4)隨著臭氧濃度升高,赤霞珠葡萄葉片φPS Ⅱ持續(xù)降低,非光化學(xué)淬滅系數(shù)(NPQ)表現(xiàn)為先增大后減小。在臭氧濃度較低的情況下,NPQ增大以耗散掉更多的激發(fā)能從而保護光合機構(gòu)；在高濃度(105nL/L)臭氧脅迫下,和非光化學(xué)淬滅有關(guān)的結(jié)構(gòu)遭到破壞,導(dǎo)致NPQ有減小的趨勢。當(dāng)臭氧濃度大于55 nL/L時,1-qP隨著臭氧濃度的增大持續(xù)增大。(5)隨著臭氧脅迫的加重,赤霞珠葡萄葉片細(xì)胞內(nèi)02-和H202含量逐漸升高,MDA含量不斷增大。當(dāng)臭氧濃度超過55-80nL/L之間某個濃度時,Chl(a+b)含量開逐漸降低。(6)在40-80nL/L臭氧濃度范圍內(nèi),赤霞珠葡萄葉片SOD、CAT酶活性隨臭氧濃度升高而升高,當(dāng)臭氧濃度為105nL/L時,SOD、CAT酶活性呈降低趨勢。隨臭氧濃度升高POD活性表現(xiàn)持續(xù)降低。(7)在105nL/L臭氧脅迫下,遮陰有助于緩解臭氧對赤霞珠葡萄葉片的傷害,遮陰1/3和遮陰2/5處理的Fv/Fm分別比不遮陰處理提高了36.5%和76.0%；遮陰1/3和遮陰2/5處理的cpPSⅡ分別比不遮陰處理增大了113.6%和136.0%。
[Abstract]:In the context of global environmental change, ozone concentration increases, which has a significant impact on the growth of crops, including grapes. Ozone pollution has become an important factor affecting the development of agriculture. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the damage and influence mechanism of ozone stress on grape, to find protective measures and to cultivate new varieties of ozone tolerance. In this study, the ozone sensitivity of three grape varieties was compared with open top chamber, and the effect of different concentrations of ozone on Vitis vinifera L. cv. of Cabernet Sauvignon was studied. Effects of Cabernet Sauvigong on leaf physiological function and physiological response of Cabernet Sauvignon leaves to light intensity under high ozone stress. The Fv/Fm of Cabernet Sauvignon and Frontanecco (Fogg) were decreased by 6.6C 27.8% and 47.8%, respectively, after 3 hours of 150nL/L ozone treatment, and the Fv/Fm of Cabernet Sauvignon and Frontaneck were decreased by 9.1g% and 50.3%, respectively, compared with the control. The results showed that the order of ozone sensitivity of the three grape varieties was: under 55-105nL/L ozone stress, PN of Cabernet Sauvignon decreased with the increase of concentration, and decreased 17.9-87.5Gs as compared with CK, and ci decreased first and then increased. It shows that stomatal limitation is the dominant factor in low concentration ozone stress. With the increase of ozone concentration, the effect of ozone stress on the photosynthetic function of Cabernet Sauvignon was as follows: firstly, the electron transfer from electron transporter QA- to QB was inhibited, and the concentration threshold was between 40-55nL/L; With the increase of ozone concentration, the absorption of light energy in unit area was decreased, and the concentration threshold was between 55-80nL/L. 4) with the increase of ozone concentration, 蠁 PS 鈪，

本文編號：1924899