本文選題：水華藍(lán)藻 + 吸收動(dòng)力學(xué)��； 參考：《福建師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：福建省山仔水庫(kù)自1992年建庫(kù)以來(lái),承擔(dān)著福州地區(qū)農(nóng)田灌溉、防洪、發(fā)電的功能,更是福州地區(qū)居民的第二大飲用水源地,水庫(kù)發(fā)揮的作用不可估量。然而,由于人類(lèi)的生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)和生活方式的改變,山仔水庫(kù)自1997年首次發(fā)現(xiàn)藍(lán)藻以來(lái),富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化引起的藍(lán)藻水華現(xiàn)象便屢屢發(fā)生。水華產(chǎn)生的微囊藻毒素可危及飲用水的安全和人類(lèi)的健康。因此,山仔水庫(kù)水華藍(lán)藻種類(lèi)的分類(lèi)屬性,是否產(chǎn)毒,以及對(duì)主要營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽的吸收與生理響應(yīng)機(jī)制研究,對(duì)于進(jìn)一步揭示山仔水庫(kù)藍(lán)藻水華成因以及有毒藍(lán)藻水華的預(yù)警監(jiān)測(cè),具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本論文的主要內(nèi)容有：(1)對(duì)山仔水庫(kù)主要水華藍(lán)藻進(jìn)行分離純化,在形態(tài)學(xué)鑒定的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步以16SrRNA基因?yàn)榉肿訕?biāo)記對(duì)分離獲得的2株藍(lán)藻進(jìn)行分子鑒定。鑒定結(jié)果為銅綠微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa B1-14)和浮游魚(yú)腥藻(Anabaena planctonica B1-15);(2)利用全細(xì)胞PCR法和高效液相法對(duì)這兩株藍(lán)藻進(jìn)行微囊藻毒素測(cè)定。發(fā)現(xiàn)分離的藻株Aicrocystis aeruginosa B1-14(縮寫(xiě)“M.aeruginosa B1-14")有微囊藻毒素基因mcyA和mcyB并且能產(chǎn)生MC-LR,藻株Anabaena planctonica B1-15縮寫(xiě)“A.planctonica B1-15")不含這些基因和毒素,故銅綠微囊藻Microcystis aeruginosa B1-14株能夠產(chǎn)生微囊藻毒素,而浮游魚(yú)腥藻Anabaena planctonica B1-15株不產(chǎn)毒；(3)研究?jī)芍晁A藍(lán)藻在不同形態(tài)磷4種無(wú)機(jī)磷和2種有機(jī)磷)條件下的生長(zhǎng)效應(yīng)。通過(guò)測(cè)定比生長(zhǎng)速率、胞外總磷含量及堿性磷酸酶活性,比較兩者對(duì)不同形態(tài)磷的攝取能力并探討其響應(yīng)機(jī)制。結(jié)果顯示,兩種水華藍(lán)藻對(duì)正磷酸鹽(磷酸氫二鉀,磷酸二氫鉀)的吸收速率和堿性磷酸酶酶活性均大于多聚磷酸鹽(焦磷酸鈉,聚磷酸鈉)和有機(jī)磷鹽(ATP,甘油磷酸鈉),表明正磷酸鹽是兩種水華藍(lán)藻生長(zhǎng)的最適磷鹽,但在堿性磷酸酶的作用下,能夠吸收部分聚磷和有機(jī)磷。M.aeruginosaB1-14對(duì)磷的吸收速率大于A.planctonica,B1-15,但A.planctonica B1-15的堿性磷酸酶活性高于M.aeruginosa B1-14,證明了M.aeruginosa B1-14具有過(guò)量吸收積累磷的特性以及藻細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生堿性磷酸酶的能力與其表面積和體積之比正相關(guān)；(4)在上述研究基礎(chǔ)上,分別選擇正磷酸鹽(磷酸氫二鉀)和ATP為磷源,研究?jī)芍晁A藍(lán)藻的磷吸收動(dòng)力學(xué)特征,并通過(guò)動(dòng)力學(xué)參數(shù)比較,探討兩株藍(lán)藻的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力和可能的優(yōu)勢(shì)演替順序。結(jié)果表明,在不同磷質(zhì)量濃度下,兩種藻對(duì)磷有明顯反應(yīng)的低限濃度均為0.54 mg·L1,在初始磷濃度為054-5.4mg·-1范圍內(nèi),M.aeruginosa B1-14的生長(zhǎng)速率隨磷濃度的提高而明顯增加,相同條件下,A.planctonic B1-15比生長(zhǎng)速率的增加不明顯且低于M.aeruginosa B1-14的生長(zhǎng)速率。大于5.4 mg·L-1時(shí),兩種藻的生長(zhǎng)速率不再增加。無(wú)機(jī)磷條件下,M.aeruginosaB1-14的最大比生長(zhǎng)率和半飽和常數(shù)分別為0.18418d-1和0.079785mg.L-1,大于A.planctonica B1-15的最大比生長(zhǎng)速率(0.12825d-1)和半飽和常數(shù)(0.032230mg·L-1)據(jù)此推斷,當(dāng)無(wú)機(jī)磷濃度大于054mg·L-1時(shí),M.aeruginosa B1-14易成為優(yōu)勢(shì)藻,反之,A.planctonica B1-15成優(yōu)勢(shì)藻。有機(jī)磷條件下,兩種藻的半飽和常數(shù)和最大比生長(zhǎng)率均較小,且差異不明顯。此也證實(shí)兩株藍(lán)藻主要吸收可溶性無(wú)機(jī)磷,但可以利用有機(jī)磷；(5)研究?jī)煞N水華藍(lán)藻問(wèn)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)作用和相互化感作用。結(jié)果為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)條件下M.aeruginosa B1-14 比A.planctonica B1-15更具生長(zhǎng)優(yōu)勢(shì),A.plantonica B1-15濾液對(duì)M.aeruginosa B1-14的的生長(zhǎng)的促進(jìn)作用大于M.aeruginosa B1-14濾液對(duì)A.planctonica B1-15的作用；(6)研究常見(jiàn)的有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥對(duì)兩種水華藍(lán)藻生理生化的影響。在EC50下,M.aeruginosa B1-14對(duì)有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥的敏感強(qiáng)度大小依次為：樂(lè)果辛硫磷草甘膦；A.planctonica B1-15對(duì)有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥的敏感強(qiáng)度大小依次為：樂(lè)果草甘膦辛硫磷,且M.aeruginosa B1-14 比A.planctonica B1.15敏感。
[Abstract]:Since the establishment of the reservoir in Fujian Province in 1992, Fujian province has undertaken the functions of farmland irrigation, flood control and power generation in Fuzhou area. It is also the second major drinking water source of residents in the region of Fuzhou. The function of the reservoir is immeasurable. However, the reservoir has been rich since the first discovery of blue algae since the first discovery of blue algae in 1997 because of the changes in human production activities and life style. The cyanobacteria blooms caused by the cultivation are frequently occurring. The microcystins produced by the water bloom can endanger the safety of drinking water and human health. Therefore, the classification of the species of cyanobacteria in the mountain Zai reservoir, whether it is poisonous, and the mechanism of the absorption and physiological response to the main nutrients are studied to further reveal the cyanobacteria bloom in Sam reservoir. The causes and early warning monitoring of toxic cyanobacteria bloom are of practical significance. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) to separate and purify the main cyanobacteria of szai reservoir, and on the basis of morphological identification, the molecular identification of 2 cyanobacteria separated by 16SrRNA gene is further identified. The results are Microcystis aeruginosa (Microcystis aeruginosa). Microcystis aeruginosa B1-14) and planktonic Anabaena (Anabaena planctonica B1-15); (2) the microcystins were measured by the whole cell PCR method and high performance liquid phase method. It was found that the isolated algal strain Aicrocystis aeruginosa B1-14 (abbreviated "M.aeruginosa B1-14") had the microcystin gene and could produce the toxin. The Anabaena planctonica B1-15 abbreviation of the algae plant "A.planctonica B1-15") does not contain these genes and toxins, so Microcystis aeruginosa Microcystis aeruginosa B1-14 strain can produce microcystin, and the Anabaena planctonica B1-15 strain of Anabaena Anabaena is not produced. (3) two species of cyanobacteria in different forms of phosphorus and 2 kinds of organic phosphorus are studied. The uptake of different forms of phosphorus and its response mechanism were compared by measuring the ratio of growth rate, total phosphorus content and alkaline phosphatase activity. The results showed that the absorption rate and alkaline phosphatase activity of two species of cyanobacteria (two potassium hydrogen phosphate and potassium two hydrogen phosphate) were both large. In polyphosphate (sodium pyrophosphate, sodium polyphosphate) and organophosphorus salts (ATP, sodium glycerophosphate), Biao Mingzheng phosphate is the most suitable phosphorus salt for the growth of two kinds of cyanobacteria. But under the action of alkaline phosphatase, the absorption rate of partial phosphorus and organophosphorus.M.aeruginosaB1-14 is greater than A.planctonica, B1-15, but A.planctonica B1-1 5 alkaline phosphatase activity was higher than M.aeruginosa B1-14, which proved that M.aeruginosa B1-14 had the characteristics of excessive absorption and accumulation of phosphorus, and the ability of algal cells to produce alkaline phosphatase was positively related to the ratio of surface area and volume. (4) on the basis of the above study, we selected two strains of orthophosphate (two potassium hydrogen phosphate) and ATP as the phosphorus source respectively. The kinetic characteristics of phosphorus absorption of cyanobacteria were studied, and the competitive ability of two cyanobacteria and the possible dominant succession sequence were discussed by comparison of kinetic parameters. The results showed that under different phosphorus concentrations, the low limiting concentration of two kinds of algae to phosphorus was 0.54 mg. L1, and the initial phosphorus concentration was 054-5.4mg -1, M.aeruginosa B1- The growth rate of 14 increased obviously with the increase of phosphorus concentration. Under the same condition, the growth rate of A.planctonic B1-15 was not obvious and lower than the growth rate of M.aeruginosa B1-14. The growth rate of two kinds of algae was no longer increased when it was greater than 5.4 mg. L-1. The maximum specific growth rate and semi saturation constant of M.aeruginosaB1-14 under the inorganic phosphorus condition. The maximum specific growth rate (0.12825d-1) and semi saturation constant (0.032230mg L-1) of A.planctonica B1-15, respectively 0.18418d-1 and 0.079785mg.L-1, are deduced. When the concentration of inorganic phosphorus is greater than 054mg. L-1, M.aeruginosa B1-14 becomes the dominant algae. On the contrary, A.planctonica becomes the dominant algae. Under the condition of organophosphorus, the half full of the two kinds of algae The two strains of cyanobacteria mainly absorb soluble inorganic phosphorus, but they can use organophosphorus, and (5) study the competition and Allelopathy of the two species of cyanobacteria. The result is that M.aeruginosa B1-14 has a better growth advantage than A.planctonica B1-15 under the competitive condition, A.plant The effect of onica B1-15 filtrate on the growth of M.aeruginosa B1-14 is greater than the effect of M.aeruginosa B1-14 filtrate on A.planctonica B1-15; (6) the study of the physiological and biochemical effects of common organophosphorus pesticides on two species of cyanobacteria. At EC50, the sensitivity of M.aeruginosa B1-14 to organophosphorus pesticides is in sequence: dioxin sulphur. The sensitivity of A.planctonica B1-15 to organophosphorus pesticides is: glyphosate parathion in dimethoate, and M.aeruginosa B1-14 is more sensitive than A.planctonica B1.15.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X524

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本文編號(hào)：1916693