本文選題：紅壤 + 紫色土��； 參考：《中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：重金屬污染耕地導(dǎo)致農(nóng)產(chǎn)品超標(biāo)事件時有發(fā)生,超標(biāo)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品通過食物鏈威脅人類健康�，F(xiàn)階段我國重金屬污染耕地的農(nóng)業(yè)利用仍然難以避免,糧食安全受到重大挑戰(zhàn)。土壤重金屬污染組分交織,污染物去除困難,目前耕地重金屬污染的治理往往針對單一重金屬如耕地Cd污染,單一的治理方案忽略了其它污染元素,如As污染。因此研究礦區(qū)周邊不同污染組分尤其是Cd、As污染特征,探明Cd、As在土壤-水稻中的遷移規(guī)律和影響因素,提出降低或者避免農(nóng)產(chǎn)品污染的對策措施顯得尤為必要。以湘中某鉛鋅工礦區(qū)周邊重金屬污染稻田為研究對象,連續(xù)兩年定點(diǎn)采集工礦區(qū)周圍紅壤母質(zhì)和紫色土母質(zhì)發(fā)育的水稻土(紅黃泥、紫泥田,本文簡稱紅壤、紫色土)和水稻植株樣品,研究土壤和水稻Cd、As的污染特征,分析土壤-水稻系統(tǒng)中Cd、As遷移規(guī)律,研究糙米中Cd、As含量的影響因素。主要研究結(jié)果如下：(1)網(wǎng)格法采樣調(diào)查分析表明,調(diào)查區(qū)稻田土壤Cd、As污染嚴(yán)重,全部采樣點(diǎn)(n=94)稻田土壤處于嚴(yán)重的Cd污染,80.30%采樣點(diǎn)處于不同程度As污染,Cd污染程度大于As。調(diào)查區(qū)所采集的糙米樣品(2011年,n=94；2012年,n=48)Cd、As污染同樣嚴(yán)重,超標(biāo)率分別為：96.21%、100%,糙米Cd污染程度大于As。食用調(diào)查區(qū)所產(chǎn)糙米具有一定的健康風(fēng)險,危害程度CdAs。(2)調(diào)查區(qū)紅壤(n=54)和紫色土(n=40)中Cd含量均值分別為12.87 mg·kg-1、 13.24 mg·kg-1,有效態(tài)Cd含量均值分別為8.27 mg·kg-1、7.94 mg·kg-1,總As含量均值分別為79.64 mg·kg-1,103.46 mg·kg-1。紅壤Cd、As含量均低于紫色土,但不存在顯著差異(P0.05)。紅壤和紫色土土壤有效態(tài)Cd與總Cd含量之間均存在顯著線型相關(guān)關(guān)系,其中紅壤有效態(tài)Cd含量占總Cd含量的64.26%,紫色土占59.97%；紅壤和紫色土砷的各形態(tài)含量之間不存在顯著差異(P0.05),但均以鐵型砷(37.69%)和殘渣態(tài)砷(37.68%)含量為主,隨著污染程度的增加,兩者含量比例明顯增加。紅壤和紫色土樣品中總Cd與總As含量、有效態(tài)Cd與總As含量均表現(xiàn)出一定的正相關(guān)性,土壤中Cd含量隨著As含量的降低而降低；紫色土中Cd與As相關(guān)性優(yōu)于紅壤。(3)紅壤和紫色土剖面Cd和As含量整體呈表面富集型,含量主要集中在0-20 cm。0-100 cm深度,紅壤和紫色土剖面Cd含量均大于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限值；紅壤剖面0-30 cm,紫色土剖面0-50 cm,As含量均大于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限值。如果采取客土方式來治理該地區(qū)土壤Cd、As污染,需要考慮土壤Cd、As的垂直分布特征。(4)水稻Cd、As的富集、遷移和累積特征存在一定的差異。水稻根部As含量均值是Cd含量的12.30倍。莖葉、穎殼、糙米中As含量與Cd含量差別不大。2011年和2012年采集的紅壤和紫色土母質(zhì)水稻土上生長的水稻各部位的Cd和As含量和富集系數(shù)均表現(xiàn)為：稻根莖葉穎殼糙米2011年和2012年水稻各部位Cd含量和富集系數(shù)均值均表現(xiàn)為：紅壤紫色土,但是沒有達(dá)到顯著性(P0.05)。被水稻吸收的重金屬有約2/3的Cd累積于水稻莖葉,約1/5的Cd累積于水稻根部,約1/20的Cd累積于糙米；約2/3的As累積于水稻根部,約1/3的As累積于水稻莖葉中,約1/50的As累積于糙米中。水稻不同部位Cd遷移系數(shù)均表現(xiàn)為：莖葉根穎殼糙米。水稻不同部位As遷移系數(shù)均表現(xiàn)為：根莖葉穎殼糙米。糙米中Cd總量占水稻全株中Cd總量的6.35%,糙米中As占水稻全株中As總量的1.93%。與As相比,Cd更容易在糙米中累積。(5)應(yīng)用多元線性回歸和相關(guān)系數(shù)對影響糙米Cd、As的因素進(jìn)行了分析,結(jié)果表明,影響紅壤對應(yīng)的糙米Cd的主要因素是土壤總Cd、有機(jī)質(zhì),而紫色土的主要影響因素是土壤總Cd、有機(jī)質(zhì)、黏粒(0.002mm)；糙米無機(jī)砷與土壤理化性質(zhì)、總As含量以及各形態(tài)As含量有一定的相關(guān)關(guān)系,其中紅壤的含水率對糙米無機(jī)As含量的影響達(dá)到了顯著水平(P0.05)。紅壤和紫色土對應(yīng)的糙米中Cd含量與土壤中總As含量、糙米無機(jī)As含量與土壤中總Cd和有效態(tài)Cd含量均呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:Heavy metal pollution arable land has led to the occurrence of agricultural products exceeding the standard, exceeding the standard agricultural products threaten human health through the food chain. At this stage, the agricultural utilization of heavy metal polluted farmland in China is still difficult to avoid, and the food safety is greatly challenged. The treatment is often directed against single heavy metals such as Cd pollution such as cultivated land, and the single treatment scheme neglects other pollution elements, such as As pollution. Therefore, the study of the different pollution components around the mining area, especially the Cd, As pollution characteristics, the migration rules and influencing factors of Cd, As in soil rice, and the Countermeasures of reducing or avoiding the pollution of agricultural products are suggested. It is particularly necessary that the paddy field around a lead-zinc industrial area around Hunan Province is taken as the research object, and the paddy soil developed in red soil and purple soil matrix (red yellow mud, purple soil field, red soil, purple soil) and rice plant samples are collected for two years. The soil and rice Cd, As pollution characteristics are studied, and the soil is analyzed. - the influence factors of Cd, As migration in rice system and the influence factors of Cd and As content in brown rice. The main results are as follows: (1) grid method sampling investigation shows that the soil Cd, As pollution in the rice field of the investigation area is serious, all sampling point (n=94) paddy soil is in serious Cd pollution, the 80.30% sampling point is in different As pollution, Cd pollution degree is greater than A The brown rice samples collected in the S. area (2011, n=94; 2012, n=48) Cd, As pollution is equally serious, the rate of exceeding the standard is 96.21%, 100%, and the degree of Cd pollution in brown rice is greater than that of the brown rice produced in the As. food survey area, and the degree CdAs. (2) of the harm degree CdAs. (n=54) and purple soil (n=40) is 12.87 mg. Kg-1 and 13.24 mg. Kg-1, the mean values of effective state Cd were respectively 8.27 mg. Kg-1,7.94 mg. Kg-1, and the total As content was 79.64 mg. Kg-1103.46 mg. The content of Cd in red soil is 64.26% of total Cd and 59.97% in purple soil; there is no significant difference between the contents of arsenic in red soil and purple soil (P0.05), but the content of iron type as (37.69%) and residue arsenic (37.68%) is dominant. With the increase of pollution degree, the proportion of both content increases obviously. The content of Cd and total As showed a positive correlation with the content of effective Cd and total As, and the content of Cd in the soil decreased with the decrease of As content, and the correlation between Cd and As in purple soil was better than that of red soil. (3) the content of Cd and As in red soil and purple soil profile was surface enrichment, and the content was concentrated in 0-20 cm.0-100 cm depth, red soil and purple soil profile. The content of the surface Cd is greater than the standard limit; the red soil profile is 0-30 cm, the purple soil profile is 0-50 cm, and the As content is greater than the standard limit. If the soil Cd and As pollution in this area is taken to control the soil Cd and As pollution, the vertical distribution characteristics of the soil Cd and As are considered. (4) there are some differences between the rice Cd, the As enrichment, the migration and accumulation characteristics. The root of rice is As containing The mean value is 12.30 times of the content of Cd. The difference of As content and Cd content in the stem, leaf, brown rice and brown rice is not significant. The Cd and As content and enrichment factor of all parts of rice grown in red soil and purple soil mother soil in 2012 and 2012 are all: Cd content and enrichment coefficient of rice rhizome Ye Yingke brown rice in 2011 and 2012. The mean values are: Red Soil purple soil, but not significant (P0.05). The heavy metals absorbed by rice have about 2/3 Cd accumulated in rice stem and leaf, about 1/5 Cd accumulates in the root of rice, and about 1/20 Cd accumulates in brown rice; the As of 2/3 is accumulated in the root of rice, and 1/3 As accumulates in the stem and leaves of rice, and approximately 1/50 is accumulated in brown rice. The migration coefficients of Cd in different parts of rice were all: stem Ye Genying shell brown rice. The As migration coefficients in different parts of rice were all: Rhizome Ye Yingke brown rice. The total amount of Cd in brown rice accounted for 6.35% of the total Cd in the whole rice plant, and As in brown rice accounted for 1.93%. in the total amount of As in the whole rice plant and Cd more easily accumulated in brown rice than As. (5) multiple linear applications were applied. Regression and correlation coefficients were used to analyze the factors affecting Cd and As in brown rice. The results showed that the main factors affecting Cd of brown rice in red soil were total soil Cd and organic matter, while the main influencing factors of purple soil were total soil Cd, organic matter, 0.002mm, inorganic arsenic and soil physicochemical properties, total As content and As content of various forms. The effect of water content of red soil on the content of inorganic As in brown rice reached a significant level (P0.05). The content of Cd in brown rice and the total As content in brown rice, and the content of inorganic As in brown rice were positively correlated with the total Cd and active Cd content in the soil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53;X56

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