本文選題：漓江流域上游 + 生態(tài)需水量��； 參考：《桂林理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：河流生態(tài)需水量研究是生態(tài)水文學(xué)領(lǐng)域重要研究課題之一,也是國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。本文基于漓江流域上游水文水質(zhì)條件、河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)基本要素、河流生態(tài)功能等基礎(chǔ)資料,初步計(jì)算了漓江流域上游生態(tài)需水量,可作為漓江流域上游水資源管理的理論依據(jù)。因漓江流域上游水資源時(shí)空分布極不均勻,且過(guò)去在水資源配置中對(duì)生態(tài)需水量考慮甚少,致使生態(tài)用水長(zhǎng)期被生產(chǎn)生活用水?dāng)D占。鑒于此,本文對(duì)漓江流域上游生態(tài)需水量立題研究。本文分析了漓江流域上游自然地理環(huán)境和主要面臨的生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題,總結(jié)了計(jì)算生態(tài)需水量的各種方法,分析這些方法的適宜性和優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),選擇了適宜漓江流域上游的計(jì)算方法。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及成果如下:(1)選擇月保證率法計(jì)算漓江流域上游生態(tài)需水量。因漓江流域上游降雨量季節(jié)性分布極不均勻,徑流量年內(nèi)、年際變化較大,故對(duì)月保證率法進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),最終得到50%保證率下“好”等級(jí)的生態(tài)需水量58.50 m3/s(18.45億m3)為漓江流域上游適宜生態(tài)需水量,最小生態(tài)需水量為17.25 m3/s(5.44億m3)。用Tennant法對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn),并分析了產(chǎn)生誤差的原因。(2)取樣分析漓江流域流域上游河水中TN、TP、COD、NH3-N并計(jì)算稀釋每種污染物的生態(tài)需水量。分析結(jié)果顯示,漓江流域上游TP、COD、NH3-N的含量符合桂林市水功能區(qū)劃要求的III類(lèi)水質(zhì),TN排放超標(biāo)較嚴(yán)重,近桂林市區(qū)TN含量?jī)H達(dá)到V類(lèi)水質(zhì)。計(jì)算得到滿(mǎn)足桂林市水功能區(qū)劃要求的TN、TP、COD、NH3-N生態(tài)需水量分別是60.72m3/s(19.15m3)、39.98m3/s(12.61m3)、28.30m3/s(8.92m3)、37.95m3/s(11.97m3)。運(yùn)用7Q10法近10年最枯月流量和90%保證率最枯月流量計(jì)算所得需水量分別為30.23m3/s(9.53億m3)和24.89 m3/s(7.85億m3)。為保生態(tài)環(huán)境安全,確定完全滿(mǎn)足水質(zhì)要求的生態(tài)需水量是60.72m3/s(19.15m3);防止污染基本生態(tài)需水量是30.23m3/s(9.53億m3)。(3)綜合水質(zhì)、水量要求,本文確定漓江流域上游適宜生態(tài)需水量為60.72m3/s(19.15m3),最小生態(tài)需水量為17.25 m3/s(5.44億m3)。為保證漓江流域上游適宜生態(tài)需水量要求,分別按年、月、日統(tǒng)計(jì)漓江流域多年平均年補(bǔ)水量,結(jié)合桂林市水功能區(qū)劃要求和漓江流域上游生態(tài)需水量計(jì)算結(jié)果,提出了漓江流域上游生態(tài)需水量保障方案。
[Abstract]:The study of river ecological water demand is one of the important research topics in the field of ecological hydrology, and is also the focus of attention of scholars at home and abroad. Based on the hydrological and water quality conditions of the upper reaches of the Lijiang River, the basic elements of the river ecosystem and the ecological functions of the rivers, the ecological water demand of the upper reaches of the Lijiang River Basin is preliminarily calculated, which can be used as the theoretical basis for the management of water resources in the upper reaches of the Lijiang River Basin. Because the spatial and temporal distribution of water resources in the upper reaches of Lijiang River is very uneven, and the ecological water demand is seldom considered in the allocation of water resources in the past, ecological water use is overrun by production and living water for a long time. In view of this, this paper studies the ecological water demand in the upper reaches of Lijiang River Basin. This paper analyzes the natural geographical environment and the main ecological environment problems in the upper reaches of the Lijiang River Basin, summarizes the various methods for calculating ecological water demand, and analyzes the suitability, advantages and disadvantages of these methods. The calculation method suitable for the upper reaches of Lijiang River is selected. The main research contents and results are as follows: 1) selecting the monthly guarantee rate method to calculate the ecological water demand of the upper reaches of the Lijiang River Basin. Due to the extremely uneven seasonal distribution of rainfall in the upper reaches of the Lijiang River Basin and the great interannual variation of the runoff in the year, the monthly guarantee rate method has been improved. Finally, the "good" grade ecological water demand of 58.50 m3 / s (1.845 billion m3) was found to be suitable for the upper reaches of the Lijiang River Basin, and the minimum ecological water requirement was 17.25 m3 / s (544 million m3 / s) under the guarantee rate of 50%. The Tennant method was used to test the results and the cause of the error was analyzed. The sampling was used to analyze the NH _ 3-N of TNT _ (TPN) in the upper reaches of the Lijiang River basin and to calculate the ecological water requirement of each kind of pollutants. The analysis results show that the III water quality with NH _ 3-N content in the upper reaches of the Lijiang River basin is more serious than the standard, and the TN content in the urban area near Guilin is only up to the class V water quality. The ecological water requirements of TNT TPN COD3 N to meet the requirements of water function zoning in Guilin were calculated to be 60.72 m3 / s ~ (19.15) m ~ (3 / 3) / s ~ 39.98 m ~ (3 / 3) / s ~ (28) 30 m ~ (3 /) / s ~ (8.92) m ~ (3) ~ (37) 95 m ~ (3 /) / s ~ (11.97) m ~ (3) ~ (3) respectively. The water demand calculated by using 7Q10 method in the last 10 years is 30.23 m3 / s (953 million m3) and 24.89 m3 / s (785 million m3 / s), respectively. In order to protect the ecological environment, it is determined that the ecological water demand, which fully meets the water quality requirements, is 60.72 m3 / s 19.15m3.The basic ecological water demand for preventing pollution is 30.23 m3 / s (953 million m3 / s, 953 million m3 / s), and the quantity of water is required. In this paper, the optimum ecological water requirement of the upper reaches of the Lijiang River is 60.72 m3 / s 19.15m3N, and the minimum ecological water requirement is 17.25m3 / s (544 million m3 / s). In order to ensure the appropriate ecological water requirement in the upper reaches of the Lijiang River, the annual average annual water demand of the Lijiang River Basin is counted by year, month and day, and the results of the ecological water demand calculation of the upper reaches of the Lijiang River Basin are combined with the requirements of the water function regionalization in Guilin City. The ecological water demand guarantee scheme of the upper reaches of Lijiang River Basin is put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：桂林理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X143

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