本文選題：水稻 + 鎘(Cd)　； 參考：《河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的快速發(fā)展,工業(yè)“三廢”排放量的日益增加,農(nóng)田鎘(Cd)污染面積不斷擴(kuò)大,使得稻米Cd安全問(wèn)題日趨嚴(yán)重。篩選和培育低Cd積累品種,是解決中輕度污染區(qū)糧食安全生產(chǎn)的行之有效的方法。研究水稻對(duì)Cd的吸收、轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)及積累特征及其耐Cd機(jī)理,將為低Cd積累品種的選育、控制稻米Cd積累提供重要的理論依據(jù)。本研究以水稻核心種質(zhì)資源和當(dāng)前主推水稻品種為材料,結(jié)合室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)和田間試驗(yàn),對(duì)Cd積累特性的基因型差異及其穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行了分析;對(duì)水稻幼苗中Cd的亞細(xì)胞分布和非蛋白巰基含量進(jìn)行了比較研究;與此同時(shí),探索了幼苗根系Cd積累能力、幼苗Cd轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)能力、離體葉片耐Cd能力與稻米Cd積累特性的關(guān)系。主要結(jié)果如下:1、基因型間的遺傳多樣性主要表現(xiàn)在根系對(duì)Cd的最大吸收速率F_(max)和向地上部的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)效率上。水稻根系對(duì)Cd積累動(dòng)力學(xué)特征全部符合米氏方程,根系F_(max)值小于50.8 nmol·g~(-1)(DW)·h~(-1)的13份基因型,其地上部Cd積累動(dòng)力學(xué)特征符合線性方程,Cd轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)效率隨著環(huán)境中Cd濃度的增加而持續(xù)升高;根系的F_(max)值大于55.5 nmol·g~(-1)(DW)·h~(-1)的基因型,其地上部的Cd積累動(dòng)力學(xué)特征也符合米氏方程,它們的Cd轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)效率隨著環(huán)境中Cd濃度的增加而先升高后降低。2、對(duì)不同Cd脅迫環(huán)境中水稻幼苗根系和地上部Cd積累量的穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)基因型、環(huán)境及二者的交互作用對(duì)Cd積累量均有顯著影響,其中‘齊頭白谷’、‘廣兩優(yōu)1128’為Cd積累量高且穩(wěn)定性好的品種;‘麻麻谷’、‘特青選恢’、‘27760’為Cd含量低且穩(wěn)定性好的品種。3、根系細(xì)胞壁和原生質(zhì)體的Cd吸收動(dòng)力學(xué)特征也都符合米氏方程,‘齊頭白谷’的Cd最大吸收速率F_(max)顯著大于‘27760’,Km值在兩品種間無(wú)顯著差異。地上部細(xì)胞壁和原生質(zhì)體的Cd吸收速率與根系可溶性組分中的Cd濃度呈顯著的線性正相關(guān)。當(dāng)根系可溶性組分中的Cd濃度相近時(shí),‘齊頭白谷’地上部細(xì)胞壁和原生質(zhì)體的Cd積累速率顯著高于‘27760’。根系可溶性組分中的Cd是地上部Cd吸收的直接來(lái)源。4、水稻幼苗根系吸收的Cd主要分布在細(xì)胞壁組分,其次為胞液,在細(xì)胞器中的分布最少。Cd在地上部的分布順序?yàn)榧?xì)胞壁胞液細(xì)胞器。細(xì)胞壁和胞液中的Cd分配比例在品種間無(wú)顯著差異,但在細(xì)胞器中,‘27760’所占的比例明顯低于‘齊頭白谷’。無(wú)論根系還是地上部,‘27760’的非蛋白巰基(Cys、GSH、PC2和PC3)含量均高于‘齊頭白谷’,其中PC2和PC3主要存在于根部,地上部以GSH和Cys為主。5、當(dāng)外界Cd濃度為0.89~8.9μmol·L~(-1)時(shí),隨著Cd濃度的增加,‘齊頭白谷’離體葉片的失綠速度明顯低于‘27760’。水稻離體葉片的耐Cd能力和幼苗根系的Cd積累能力以及幼苗的Cd轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)能力高度相關(guān),可作為快速鑒定低鎘積累品種的生理指標(biāo)。6、在Cd含量為1.782 mg·kg~(-1)、pH 5.2的土壤中進(jìn)行田間試驗(yàn),稻米Cd超標(biāo)率高達(dá)98.7%;其中稻米Cd最高含量為2.049 mg·kg~(-1),最低為0.197 mg·kg~(-1)。對(duì)幼苗Cd吸收特性、離體葉片失綠速率及田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行綜合分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)‘山酒谷’和‘桂花黃’為Cd敏感型低Cd積累品種,‘齊頭白谷’和‘粳7623’為耐Cd型高Cd積累品種。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern industrial and agricultural production and the increasing amount of industrial "three wastes", the area of cadmium (Cd) pollution in farmland is expanding continuously, which makes the problem of Cd safety in rice becoming more and more serious. It is an effective method to select and cultivate low Cd accumulative varieties, which is an effective method to solve the food safety in the medium and mild polluted areas. The study of the absorption and transport of rice to Cd The characteristics of accumulation and its Cd resistance mechanism will provide an important theoretical basis for the selection of low Cd accumulative varieties and the control of rice Cd accumulation. In this study, the genotypic differences and stability of the accumulation characteristics of Cd were analyzed with the core germplasm resources of rice and the current main varieties of rice, and the genetic diversity and stability of the accumulation characteristics of the rice were analyzed. The subcellular distribution of Cd and the content of non protein sulfhydryl group in the seedlings were compared. At the same time, the Cd accumulation ability of seedling roots, the Cd transport capacity of the seedlings and the relationship between the Cd ability of the leaves and the Cd accumulation characteristics of the rice were studied. The main results were as follows: 1, the genetic diversity among the genotypes was mainly manifested in the maximum absorption rate F_ (F_) to the root system (Cd). Max) and the transport efficiency to the upper part of the earth. The kinetic characteristics of Cd accumulation in rice roots were all in accordance with the Michaelis equation, and the F_ (max) values of the root system were less than 50.8 nmol. G~ (-1) (DW). H~ (-1) of the 13 genotypes. Ax) is more than 55.5 nmol. G~ (-1) (-1) (DW). H~ (-1) genotypes. The kinetic characteristics of the accumulation of Cd in the upper part of the ground also conform to the Michaelis equation. Their Cd transport efficiency increases with the increase of Cd concentration in the environment and then reduces.2. The stability of the accumulation of rice seedlings in the root system and the upper part of the ground in different Cd stress environments is analyzed and the gene is found. Type, environment and the interaction of the two have significant influence on the accumulation of Cd. Among them, "Qi head white Valley" and "Guang two you 1128" are high and stable varieties of Cd, and 'ma ma valley', 'special Qing Xuan Hui', '27760' are.3 with low Cd content and good stability, and the Cd absorption kinetics characteristics of root cell wall and protoplast are also characterized. The Cd maximum absorption rate F_ (max) was significantly greater than '27760', and there was no significant difference in Km value between two varieties. The Cd absorption rate of the cell wall and Protoplast in the upper part of the ground was significantly linearly correlated with the concentration of Cd in the soluble components of the root system. When the concentration of Cd in the root soluble components was similar, ' The Cd accumulation rate of the cell wall and Protoplast in the upper part of the root white valley was significantly higher than that of '27760'. The Cd in the soluble component of the root system was the direct source of.4 for the Cd absorption in the upper part of the ground. The Cd of the root absorption of the rice seedlings was mainly distributed in the cell wall components, followed by the cytoplasm, and the distribution of the least.Cd in the upper part of the organelle was fine. There was no significant difference in the proportion of Cd distribution in cell wall and cytoplasm, but in organelles, the proportion of '27760' was obviously lower than that of 'white valley'. The content of non protein sulfhydryl group (Cys, GSH, PC2 and PC3) of '27760' was higher than that of 'the white valley', and PC2 and PC3 were mainly stored in the root and the upper part of the cytoplasm. In the root, the upper part of the ground is GSH and Cys mainly.5. When the external Cd concentration is 0.89~8.9 mol. L~ (-1), with the increase of Cd concentration, the green speed of the leaves in the leaves of the "Qi head white Valley" is obviously lower than '27760'. The Cd ability of the leaves of the rice leaves and the Cd accumulation energy of the seedling roots and the Cd transport capacity of the seedlings are highly correlated, which can be used as fast as fast. The physiological index.6 of low cadmium accumulated varieties was identified, and the field experiment was conducted in the soil of Cd content of 1.782 mg. Kg~ (-1) and pH 5.2. The rice Cd exceeded the standard rate up to 98.7%, and the highest content of the rice Cd was 2.049 mg kg~ (-1), and the lowest was 0.197 mg. It was found that "mountain wine Valley" and "sweet scented osmanthus yellow" were Cd sensitive low Cd accumulation varieties, "Qi head white Valley" and "Jing 7623" were resistant to Cd type high Cd accumulation varieties.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：X56;S511

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