本文選題：高速公路 + 高速鐵路��； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：為研究混合交通噪聲對(duì)受體焦慮和學(xué)習(xí)記憶能力影響及其可恢復(fù)性,本文對(duì)滬杭甬高速公路噪聲和滬杭高速鐵路噪聲分別進(jìn)行了采樣,參照高速公路車流量和高速鐵路沿線列車運(yùn)行時(shí)刻表進(jìn)行合理編排后疊加得到高速公路、高速鐵路混合交通噪聲,將其晝夜等效聲級(jí)(Ldn)調(diào)整至70dBA后作為實(shí)驗(yàn)暴露聲源。選取與人類中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)較為相近的ICR小鼠和SD大鼠作為實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象,開展為期52d的噪聲暴露,并于噪聲暴露不同階段及停止暴露后,對(duì)不同批次大、小鼠依次進(jìn)行如下動(dòng)物神經(jīng)生理實(shí)驗(yàn)：小鼠神經(jīng)行為實(shí)驗(yàn)(包括曠場實(shí)驗(yàn)、明暗箱實(shí)驗(yàn)和Morris水迷宮實(shí)驗(yàn)),小鼠血漿單胺類神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)(包括去甲腎上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)和5-羥色胺(5-HT))測(cè)定實(shí)驗(yàn),小鼠海馬氨基酸類神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)(包括谷氨酸(Glu)和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA))測(cè)定實(shí)驗(yàn),以及大鼠背側(cè)海馬蛋白(包括鈣離子依賴型磷酸酶(p-CaMKII)和N-甲基-D-天門冬氨酸(NMDA)受體亞單位NR1)表達(dá)檢測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn),大鼠海馬CA1區(qū)與CA3區(qū)、顳葉皮質(zhì)和杏仁核神經(jīng)組織超微結(jié)構(gòu)觀察實(shí)驗(yàn)。上述動(dòng)物神經(jīng)生理實(shí)驗(yàn)中,與焦慮相關(guān)的實(shí)驗(yàn)包括曠場實(shí)驗(yàn)(考察指標(biāo)包括中央格時(shí)間、跨格數(shù)、站立次數(shù)、爬墻次數(shù))、明暗箱實(shí)驗(yàn)(考察指標(biāo)包括明箱停留時(shí)間、穿箱次數(shù))及血漿單胺類神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)測(cè)定(考察指標(biāo)包括NE、DA、5-HT)。結(jié)果顯示,除噪聲暴露第34d小鼠跨格數(shù)及噪聲暴露第12d小鼠血漿DA濃度外,整個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)周期內(nèi)兩組小鼠的各指標(biāo)均無顯著差異(P0.05)。以上結(jié)果表明Ldn為70dBA的高速公路、高速鐵路混合交通噪聲對(duì)受體情緒和活動(dòng)性影響較為微弱,且隨著暴露時(shí)間延長,這一影響可通過受體自適應(yīng)恢復(fù)正常。與學(xué)習(xí)記憶相關(guān)的實(shí)驗(yàn)包括Morris水迷宮實(shí)驗(yàn)(考察指標(biāo)包括潛伏期、穿臺(tái)次數(shù)、目標(biāo)象限停留時(shí)間百分比)、海馬區(qū)氨基酸類神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)測(cè)定(考察指標(biāo)包括Glu、GABA)、蛋白表達(dá)測(cè)定(考察指標(biāo)包括p-CaMKⅡ、NR1)及神經(jīng)組織超微結(jié)構(gòu)觀察(考察指標(biāo)包括神經(jīng)元、突觸)。結(jié)果顯示,整個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)周期內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)組動(dòng)物各神經(jīng)生理指標(biāo)均與對(duì)照組無顯著差異(P0.05),噪聲暴露52d后大鼠海馬CA1區(qū)與CA3區(qū)、顳葉皮質(zhì)及杏仁核等腦區(qū)也均未出現(xiàn)明顯的神經(jīng)元凋亡癥狀及突觸形態(tài)、功能可塑性變化。幾方面實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果較為一致,均表明Ldn為70dBA的高速公路、高速鐵路混合交通噪聲未對(duì)受體學(xué)習(xí)記憶能力產(chǎn)生明顯影響。將本研究得到的混合交通噪聲神經(jīng)生理效應(yīng)與以往單一交通噪聲神經(jīng)生理效應(yīng)進(jìn)行對(duì)比,發(fā)現(xiàn)二者之間存在較大差異。在相同暴露強(qiáng)度(Ldn為70dBA)下,高速公路、高速鐵路混合交通噪聲對(duì)受體焦慮和學(xué)習(xí)記憶的影響小于單一的高速鐵路噪聲,這可能是由于混合交通噪聲突發(fā)性較弱、最大A聲級(jí)較小所致,且最大A聲級(jí)不同可能是引起這一差異的關(guān)鍵因素。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effects of mixed traffic noise on receptor anxiety and learning and memory ability and their recoverability, the noise of Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo Expressway and Shanghai-Hangzhou High-speed Railway were sampled in this paper. According to the reasonable arrangement of the expressway traffic flow and the train running schedule along the high-speed railway, the superposition of the expressway and the mixed traffic noise of the high-speed railway is obtained, and the equivalent sound level of Ldnn is adjusted to 70dBA as the experimental exposure sound source. ICR mice and SD rats, which are close to human central nervous system, were selected for 52 days of noise exposure. In turn, the following animal neurophysiological experiments were carried out in mice: the neurobehavioral experiments in mice (including open field experiments), The determination of monoamine neurotransmitters (including norepinephrine, dopamine dadamine) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the plasma of mice were studied by dark box test and Morris water maze test. The determination of amino acid neurotransmitters (including glutamate Glu) and 緯 -aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the hippocampus of mice, The expression of dorsal hippocampal protein (including calcium ion-dependent phosphatase p-CaMK II) and N- methyl-Daspartate (NMDA-NMDA-NMDA-NMDA-NMDA-NR1) receptor subunit in rat dorsal hippocampus were detected, and the CA1 and CA3 regions in hippocampus of rats were detected. The ultrastructure of temporal cortex and amygdaloid nerve tissue was observed. In the animal neurophysiological experiments mentioned above, the anxiety related experiments included open field experiments (including central lattice time, span number, standing times, number of climbing walls, open and dark box test) (including the stay time of the open box, the number of standing times, the number of times of climbing the wall and the number of times of climbing the wall). Determination of monoamine neurotransmitters in plasma (including NED + 5-HT). The results showed that there was no significant difference in each index between the two groups during the whole experiment period except for the number of mice crossing the grid on the 34th day of noise exposure and the plasma DA concentration of mice on the 12th day of noise exposure. The above results indicate that Ldn is the expressway of 70dBA, and the mixed traffic noise of high-speed railway has a weak effect on receptor emotion and activity, and with the extension of exposure time, this effect can be self-adaptively restored to normal through the receptor. The experiments related to learning and memory included the Morris water maze test (including incubation period, platform penetration times, etc.) Target quadrant residence time (QT), amino acid neurotransmitters in hippocampal area (including Gluus GABA1, protein expression (including p-CaMK 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：1881286