本文選題：生境等價(jià)分析法 + 溢油��； 參考：《國(guó)家海洋局第三海洋研究所》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅猛發(fā)展使人們對(duì)能源的需求與日俱增。海洋作為世界上最大的能源儲(chǔ)庫(kù),長(zhǎng)期為人類提供了大量的物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品和生態(tài)服務(wù)。然而,全球海洋溢油事故的頻繁發(fā)生,不僅嚴(yán)重影響了海洋環(huán)境,也給人類造成了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。因此,如何對(duì)溢油造成的海洋生態(tài)損害進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確評(píng)估,使溢油事故能獲得合理的賠償已成為日益迫切的社會(huì)問題,受到世界各國(guó)的高度重視。我國(guó)對(duì)溢油生態(tài)損害評(píng)估研究起步較晚,沒有一套完整的用來評(píng)估海洋生態(tài)損害賠償?shù)姆审w系,且溢油生態(tài)損害評(píng)估的內(nèi)容不全面,沒有公認(rèn)統(tǒng)一的評(píng)估技術(shù)方法。這些使得我國(guó)溢油生態(tài)損害的單位賠償額遠(yuǎn)低于國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn),相關(guān)利益方無法得到應(yīng)有的賠償,最終造成海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境及資源得不到及時(shí)修復(fù)。因此,在加快建立海洋溢油生態(tài)損害賠償法律體系的同時(shí),亟須開展海洋溢油生態(tài)損害評(píng)估技術(shù)的研究工作,建立科學(xué)合理、切實(shí)可行的溢油生態(tài)損害評(píng)估技術(shù)方法體系,對(duì)溢油損害進(jìn)行合理索賠,具有重要的意義。本文參考國(guó)內(nèi)外現(xiàn)有的溢油生態(tài)損害評(píng)估體系,對(duì)環(huán)境損害評(píng)估、自然資源損害評(píng)估和生態(tài)服務(wù)損害評(píng)估三種主要評(píng)估方法進(jìn)行對(duì)比研究,指出環(huán)境損害評(píng)估和我國(guó)使用較為廣泛的生態(tài)服務(wù)損害評(píng)估存在的不足,并最終確定采用生境等價(jià)分析法(HEA)作為本文的研究基礎(chǔ),詳細(xì)介紹該方法的理論、模型、參數(shù)等,并改變?cè)Ｐ偷倪吔鐥l件,對(duì)受損生境存在永久損失、替代生境提供永久服務(wù)和修復(fù)工程造成二次損失三種不同邊界條件下的模型進(jìn)行變形轉(zhuǎn)換。最后,將其應(yīng)用于國(guó)內(nèi)某溢油事故,對(duì)受損的紅樹林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)在不同修復(fù)工程下的生態(tài)損害進(jìn)行評(píng)估,分析并討論結(jié)果。旨在為我國(guó)海洋溢油損害評(píng)估的研究與實(shí)踐提供參考,以期能推進(jìn)溢油海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能損失評(píng)估的科學(xué)研宄。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, the demand for energy is increasing day by day. As the largest energy reservoir in the world, the ocean has provided a large number of material products and ecological services for mankind for a long time. However, the frequent occurrence of global marine oil spills has not only seriously affected the marine environment, but also caused huge economic losses to human beings. Therefore, how to accurately assess the marine ecological damage caused by oil spills and how to obtain reasonable compensation for oil spills has become an increasingly urgent social problem, which has been attached great importance to by many countries all over the world. The research of oil spill ecological damage assessment in China started late, and there is not a complete legal system to evaluate marine ecological damage compensation, and the content of oil spill ecological damage assessment is not comprehensive, and there is no universally accepted assessment technology method. These make the unit compensation of oil spill ecological damage far lower than the international standard, and the relevant stakeholders can not get due compensation, resulting in the marine ecological environment and resources can not be repaired in time. Therefore, while speeding up the establishment of the legal system of marine oil spill ecological damage compensation, it is urgent to carry out the research work of marine oil spill ecological damage assessment technology and establish a scientific, reasonable and feasible technology and method system for oil spill ecological damage assessment. It is of great significance to make a reasonable claim for oil spill damage. Referring to the existing oil spill ecological damage assessment system at home and abroad, this paper makes a comparative study of three main assessment methods: environmental damage assessment, natural resource damage assessment and ecological service damage assessment. This paper points out the shortcomings of environmental damage assessment and ecological service damage assessment widely used in our country, and finally decides to adopt Habitat equivalent Analysis method (HEAA) as the research basis of this paper. The theory, model and parameters of this method are introduced in detail. By changing the boundary conditions of the original model, the models under three different boundary conditions, namely, the permanent loss of damaged habitat, the permanent service provided by substitute habitat and the secondary loss caused by restoration project, are transformed into each other. Finally, it is applied to an oil spill accident in China to evaluate the ecological damage of damaged mangrove ecosystem under different restoration projects, and to analyze and discuss the results. The purpose of this paper is to provide a reference for the research and practice of marine oil spill damage assessment in China, so as to promote the scientific research on the loss assessment of marine oil spill ecosystem service function.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：國(guó)家海洋局第三海洋研究所
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X55;X826

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