本文選題：水生植物 + Pb尾礦滲出液��； 參考：《江西財經(jīng)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文選用黃菖蒲(Iris pseudacorus L.)、慈姑(Sagittaria sagittifolia L.)、蘆葦{Phragmites australis(Cav.)Trin.ex Steud}、荸薺(Eleocharis tuberosa S.)、香蒲(Typha orientalis Pres.)和銅錢草(Hydrocotyle vulgaris L.)等6種水生植物為試驗材料,研究在鉛尾礦滲出液(PbL)脅迫下,這6種植物的生長狀況,生理指標及其對Pb尾礦滲出液修復的影響,為修復含Pb重金屬尾礦污染的水體環(huán)境提供理論和技術(shù)支持。研究結(jié)果如下:(1)通過試驗研究PbL脅迫對黃菖蒲、慈姑、蘆葦、荸薺、香蒲和銅錢草六種水生植物的生長、Pb積累及轉(zhuǎn)運能力的影響。綜合株高、根長,地下部和地上部干重的結(jié)果分析,慈姑、蘆葦、香蒲和銅錢草對PbL的抗性相對較強,地下部干重顯著高于對照。在100%PbL處理下,黃菖蒲、慈姑、荸薺和銅錢草Pb富集量較大,地上部鉛含量均超過60μg/g,黃菖蒲對Pb的富集量最大,地上部和地下部Pb含量分別為78.13μg/g和115.63μg/g。6種植物Pb的運轉(zhuǎn)系數(shù)均小于1,其中,蘆葦?shù)霓D(zhuǎn)運系數(shù)最大。研究結(jié)果表明,這6種植物都可用于修復Pb污染的環(huán)境,黃菖蒲和慈姑是修復Pb尾礦污染水體的理想植物。(2)PbL脅迫對6種水生植物生理指標的研究結(jié)果表明,在PbL脅迫下,銅錢草、慈姑地上和地下部分電導率顯著上升,荸薺和銅錢草地上部分MDA含量顯著提高,其余4種植物的地上和地下部分MDA含量升高不顯著。PbL脅迫誘導了6種水生植物POD和SOD酶的活性,慈姑地上部和地下部的POD和SOD活性均高于其他植物。PbL抑制了這6種植物抗壞血酸含量的產(chǎn)生。綜合分析表明,這6種水生植物對PbL處理具有一定的生理抗性,其中POD和SOD起到了非常重要的作用。(3)通過不同濃度PbL培養(yǎng)研究PbL脅迫對黃菖蒲和慈姑葉片結(jié)構(gòu)和光合色素含量的影響。結(jié)果表明,在PbL處理下,慈姑葉脈周圍有大量的氣孔腔,葉肉細胞4-6層,與對照相差不大;黃菖蒲葉片表皮細胞排列整齊,葉肉細胞多為2層,與對照沒有顯著差別,但對照葉片葉脈薄壁細胞中有大量葉綠體存在,而PbL栽培的黃菖蒲葉脈薄壁細胞中葉綠體很少。隨著Pb尾礦滲出液含量的升高,2種植物的葉綠素a、b及類胡蘿卜素含量逐漸下降,在100%PbL處理下,黃菖蒲葉綠素a、葉綠素b和類胡蘿卜素含量是對照的42%、45%和51%,而慈姑的葉綠素含量是對照的53%、42%、89%。綜合分析表明,慈姑對PbL的抗性強于黃菖蒲。(4)通過水培方法研究黃菖蒲和慈姑對Pb尾礦滲出液修復潛力研究結(jié)果表明,黃菖蒲和慈姑地上和地下部生長指標隨著PbL體積濃度的上升而顯著下降。黃菖蒲和慈姑的地上和地下部分Pb積累量隨著Pb液濃度的提高而迅速升高,栽培于100%PbL中的兩種植物地上部Pb含量分別為149μg/g和125μg/g,這兩種植物的轉(zhuǎn)運系數(shù)都小于1。100%黃菖蒲和慈姑栽培基質(zhì)中的Pb含量均比原Pb尾礦滲出液含Pb量要低。栽培慈姑的溶液中的溶解氧含量和pH值均高于栽培黃菖蒲的溶液;電導率值隨著PbL濃度的提高而顯著增加,栽培黃菖蒲的100%PbL的電導率是栽培慈姑溶液中的4.4倍。研究結(jié)果說明黃菖蒲和慈姑調(diào)節(jié)溶液中的溶解氧、電導率、酸堿度能力較強,兩種植物本身對Pb離子的富集量也較大,對PbL有較好的修復能力。
[Abstract]:In this paper, 6 kinds of aquatic plants, such as Huang Changpu (Iris pseudacorus L.), Sagittaria Sagittifolia L., reed {Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin.ex Steud}, water chestnut (Eleocharis), cattail and coppergrass, are used as experimental materials to study the stress of lead tailing exudation solution. The growth conditions of the 6 plants, physiological indexes and the effect on the repair of Pb tailing exudation solution provide theoretical and technical support for the restoration of water environment containing Pb heavy metal tailings. The results are as follows: (1) the growth of six aquatic plants, such as Huang Changpu, arrowhead, reed, water chestnut, Chinese water chestnut, cattail and coppergrass, was studied by PbL stress. The results of the comprehensive plant height, the root length, the dry weight of the underground and the upper part of the ground, the resistance of the arrowhead, the reed, the cattail and the coppers to the PbL was relatively strong, and the dry weight in the underground was significantly higher than that of the control. Under the 100%PbL treatment, the concentration of Huang Changpu, the arrowhead, the water chestnut and the coppers Pb were greater, and the lead content in the upper part of the ground was more than 60 mu g/g. The enrichment of Pb was the largest, and the Pb content in the upper and underground parts of 78.13 and 115.63 g/g.6 plants Pb was less than 1, of which the reed was the largest transport coefficient. The results showed that the 6 plants could be used to repair the environment of Pb pollution. Huang Changpu and the mercy were ideal plants for the remediation of Pb tailings polluted water. (2) Pb The results of L stress on the physiological indexes of 6 species of aquatic plants showed that under PbL stress, the electrical conductivity of the upper and underground parts of coppers and arrowheads increased significantly, the content of MDA on the water chestnut and copper meadow increased significantly, and the increase of the MDA content in the top and underground parts of the other 4 plants was not significantly induced by.PbL stress, which induced the POD and SOD enzyme of 6 species of aquatic plants. Activity, the activity of POD and SOD in the upper and underground parts of the arrowhead is higher than that of other plants,.PbL inhibits the production of ascorbic acid in these 6 plants. The comprehensive analysis shows that these 6 aquatic plants have certain physiological resistance to PbL treatment, of which POD and SOD play a very important role. (3) the study of PbL stress by different concentrations of PbL culture. The effect of the leaf structure and photosynthetic pigment content of Acorus calamus and arrowhead. The results showed that there were a large number of stomatal cavities around the PbL treatment, and the 4-6 layers of mesophyll cells were not similar to those of the photograph. The epidermal cells of the leaf epidermis of Acorus calamus were arranged neatly and the mesophyll cells were 2 layers, but there was no significant difference from the control, but the leaf vein parenchyma cells were compared with the leaves. There were a large number of chloroplasts, while the chloroplasts in the PbL cultured leaf vein of Acorus calamus were few. With the increase of the content of Pb tailing exudate, the content of chlorophyll a, B and carotenoid decreased gradually. Under the 100%PbL treatment, the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid content of Acorus calamus was 42%, 45% and 51% of the control. The content of chlorophyll was 53%, 42%, and 89%. comprehensive analysis showed that the resistance of the arrowhead to PbL was stronger than that of the Yellow calamus. (4) the results of the study of the remediation potential of the Acorus calamus and the arrowhead on the exudate of the Pb tailings showed that the growth indices of the upper and underground parts of Huang Changpu and tsinia showed a significant decline with the increase of the PbL volume concentration. The accumulation of Pb in the aboveground and subterranean parts of the arrowhead rapidly increased with the increase of the concentration of Pb liquid, and the Pb content in the upper part of the two plants cultivated in 100%PbL were 149 g/g and 125 mu g/g respectively. The transport coefficients of the two plants were less than 1.100% of the Acorus calamus and the cultivation matrix of the arrowhead, which were lower than those of the original Pb tailing exudate. The dissolved oxygen content and pH value in the solution were higher than those of cultivated Acorus calamus. The conductivity value increased significantly with the increase of PbL concentration, and the electrical conductivity of the cultivated Acorus calamus was 4.4 times as high as that of the cultivated arrowhead solution. The results showed that the Acorus calamus and the Acorus Acorus calamus were more capable of regulating dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity and acidity and alkalinity in the solution. The two plants themselves have higher Pb ion concentration and better repair ability for PbL.

【學位授予單位】：江西財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X173;X52

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